1、應用能力考試A、B級之閱讀理解,閱讀理解構(gòu)成部分,Task A 多項選擇題 Task B Task C 填空題 Task D 匹配題 Task E 簡答題,英語應用能力考試主要測試以下閱讀技能： 了解語篇和段落的主旨和大意； 掌握語篇中的事實和主要情節(jié)； 理解語篇上下文的邏輯關(guān)系； 對句子和段落進行推理； 了解作者的目的、態(tài)度和觀點； 根據(jù)上下文正確理解生詞及其意思； 理解語篇的結(jié)論 進行信息轉(zhuǎn)換,解閱讀理解題的技巧,轉(zhuǎn)折原則：注意文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞 ，如 but、however、yet 列舉原則：注意文章當中出現(xiàn)的比較級、最高級，絕對意義的詞，如the most important，only。

2、 把歷年真題（或仿真模擬題）出現(xiàn)的難句、長句拿出一部分，反復讀，找語感。,主旨大意型,事實細節(jié)型,詞 義 猜 測 型,命 題 類,推 理 判 斷 型,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ise the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best

3、 title for this passage?,主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:,主旨大意題答題技巧,1.認真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個句子。 2.文章的主題作者往往有意識地反復論述。抓住反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。 3.文章或段落的主題句常常會出現(xiàn)在一些標志性的提示后。 例如：On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion that Given all these points above , I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentio

4、ned above ,I would prefer,如何尋找主題句,Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a m

5、eal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主題句在段首 主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。,Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others

6、prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,（2）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù), 層層推理論證, 最后自然得出結(jié)論, 即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。,Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight

7、on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the c

8、ampfire has been out.,（3）在短文中間當主題句被安排在段中間時, 通常前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出, 而后又作進一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展.,return,Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of c

9、heaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of

10、an insatiable(不能滿足的）society.,練習題,細節(jié)題,解釋,Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autowor

11、kers. D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解釋,【解析】答案為C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進

12、行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。,提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。,事實細節(jié)型,解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。,1）Which of the following statements is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, wh

13、y, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：,Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “We

14、ll，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D

15、. dirty and full of insects,解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進來時的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對房屋進行“恢復”，因此推出答案為D。,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3

16、 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an

17、office worker does.,解釋,文章,Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required t

18、o raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,練習題,解釋,第三節(jié),【解析】答案為 D 。 根據(jù)文章細節(jié)內(nèi)容，計算公式為： (90-35)51=275 【解析】答案為 C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D 四個答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。,文章,同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推測。,反義法 如 hot

19、and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。,釋義法 對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。,詞義猜測型,情景推斷法、代詞替代法等,詞義猜測題常見的命題方式有： 1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means _ 2）The word it（them）in the first paragraph refers to _ 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means

20、 _ 4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？,判斷詞義,1）文中找線索或信息詞; 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意； 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。 4. 特別注意熟詞新意！,做題要領(lǐng),Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated

21、D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(

22、應得的，值得的).,解 釋,第四節(jié),解 釋,這段文字中講到加納這個國家中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的 （educated）和沒有受過教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長的（old）正好是一對對反義詞。因此選 C 項。,本題答案選C,推理判斷題：著重考查學生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。,以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點理論（非自己觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。,推理判斷型,透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。,推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）,既要求我們透過文章

23、表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求我們對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。,推理判斷型常見的命題方式有： 1. The passage implies (暗示) that_. 2. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_. 3. Which of the following can be inferred (推論)? 4. What is the tone (語氣) of the author ? 5. What is the purpose (目的) of this pas

24、sage? 6. The passage is intended to _. 7. Where would this passage most probably appear?,Passage 4 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成績 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.認為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來的 ) point ( n.觀點 ), he notes ( vi.特別指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標準 ) and restore ( vt.