1、狀語及狀語從句,定義： 在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。,準確掌握每一個連詞的含義是掌握狀語從句的關(guān)鍵。,同時要注意主從句的時態(tài)呼應。,狀語一般分為九大類,時間狀語 地點狀語 原因狀語 目的狀語 結(jié)果狀語 條件狀語 方式狀語 比較狀語 讓步狀語,5,什么能做狀語？,1 副詞 2 介詞短語 ：he traveled in Africa for six weeks. 3 形容詞: my uncle stood there, died. he finally came back, tired and cold. 4 with復合

2、結(jié)構(gòu): with a lot of work to do, I think I have no time to accompany you. 5 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu): he lay on his bed, his hands under his head. 6 非謂語動詞：to do doing / having done done 7 狀語從句,1.時間狀語從句：,當時候: when, while, as, 一就： the moment, the minute, as soon as, immediately, directly，no soonerthan, hardlywhen 每當：every

3、 time, each time 其他：before, after, till, until, since,When -當時候, 通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。,When I opened the window, I saw him come up.,When I have time , I will go to see you. （主將從現(xiàn)）,When - 正在的時候，突然。在翻譯的時候，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然。,I was walking along the street , when I met him.,I was about to fall asleep

4、when my sister came in. I am going to leave when the telephone rings.,When 當從句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。,Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.,When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.,When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.,When=after,While -在期間，往往指

5、一段時間。,While we were in America, we saw him twice.,While we were talking, he came in.,Strike while the iron is hot.,While -表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。,We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.,The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.,While I am wash

6、ing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.,As - 一邊一邊, 隨著,She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.,As she grew older, she became more beautiful.,As - 當時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用進行時。,As I was going out, it began to rain.,I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.,As he was eating hi

7、s breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.,Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.,The moment - 一就 =as soon as , immediately,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?,-Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.,Not until - 直到才,He didnt leave the offi

8、ce until he finished the work.,=He left the office when he finished the work.,Not until 可以和 when 互換,Before - 在之前,The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.,Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company?,It was not long before I forgot it all.,(It wa

9、s /will be before 是常用句型),He ran off before I could stop him.,After - 在 之后,The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.,The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance.,Since -自從, 通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,I have never been there again since I graduated from

10、the university.,The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.,It is just a week since we arrived here.,(It is /has been since是常用句型）,As soon as - 一就,Jack went to school as soon as he got well.,Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.,No sooner than - 一就,

11、No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.,no sooner than 用于句首要求倒裝,Hardly when,Scarcely when,Once you see him, you will never forget him.,Once - 一但就,Every time, each time 每次whenever 每當,Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.,Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help u

12、s.,2.條件狀語從句,引導狀語從句的連接詞有:,If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition that,If -如果,If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.,If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.,If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now.,Unless - 如果不, 除非=if not,We cant g

13、et there on time unless we book the earliest flight,= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.,Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.,He will not join us unless he changes his mind.,As long as - 只要,We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.,You cant play games a

14、s long as you remember the rules.,A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.,As (so) far as - 據(jù)所知,As far as I know, he speaks English very well.,As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.,In case - 假使, 如果,The plane cannot take off in case it rains.,Send us a message in case you have any

15、difficulty.,Provided that 如果,有時省略 that,The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.,You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.,On condition that - 條件是,He said that he would come to the meeting on conditio

16、n that no one asked him to speak.,The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.,注:主從句的動作發(fā)生在將來時，則主句用將來時, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。,If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.,He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.,3.地點狀語從

17、句,地點狀語從句只有兩個連詞:,Where, wherever,Where - 在地方,Put the medicine where you can easily get it.,Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.,Where there is a will, there is a way.,Wherever - 無論哪里,He follows her wherever she goes.,Wherever you are, I will be right there wait

18、ing for you.,4.原因狀語從句,because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 這六個連詞都用于表示表示原因, 但在語氣上一個比一個弱.,Because - 因為,通常從句放在主句后.,Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.,He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.,I succeed because I willed it, I ne

19、ver hesitated.,I do it because I like it.,As - 因為, 通常放在句首,As it is quite windy today, he decides,As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.,Since -既然 因語氣較弱, 常譯為既然,Since everybody has come, we can set off.,Since the purser didnt tell us what to do, we can relax.,Now that - 既然,Now that you

20、are here, you can join us.,Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.,considering that - 顧及到,Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.,seeing that - 由于,Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.,5.結(jié)果狀語從句,

21、引導結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：,that, so that, sothat suchthat,So that - 太以至于 so 后面應用形容詞或副詞, 有時省略so只用that,Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.,The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.,So that - 因而，以便，為了 有時so 可以省去,Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can

22、put mine in the overhead bin too.,Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.,When you skin your customers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.,Such that -太以至于 用法與sothat相同，但such 后面應用名詞。,The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody co

23、uld understand him.,The Canadian airlines hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time.,6.目的狀語從句,引導目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:,that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest,Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.,(So) that - 以便, 從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：ca

24、n, could, may, might, should等,in order that - 為了, 與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等,School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.,for fear that - 生怕; 為了防止(某事發(fā)生),He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.,The instructor emp

25、hasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.,in case - 萬一,Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.,Please take an umbrella in case it rains.,Lest - 以防萬一,The man decided to tell

26、 his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.,The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time.,7.比較狀語從句,引導比較狀語從句的連詞有：,Asas, not so (as)as, . than, the more the more.,Asas - 像一樣,If you dont want to miss the flight, you need to be at the air

27、port as early as possible.,My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.,Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.,Not so (as) as - 不像,The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.,The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.,than -比怎么

28、樣，用于事物間的比較，more 后面用形容詞或副詞,People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.,I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones,A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful behavior (is) than a beautiful form.,The more, the

29、more - 越 越,The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it.,The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.,8.讓步狀語從句,引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有：,Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether,Although, though -雖然 although 和though 可以互換，但although

30、常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。,Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.,Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame.,Though he did his best, he didnt succeed.,Child though he was, he did quite well.,As - 盡管 as 引導讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝。可與though 互換。,Busy as he is, he never misses a football match

31、.,Hard as she works, she makes little progress.,Even if /even though -即使,Even if you dont like your boss, you should do your work.,Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.,Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way.,Even though his dean didnt mean it,

32、he still felt embarrassed.,However - 不論， however 引導讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝,He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.,The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.,N o matter (what, when, where, how) -無論（什么，何時，何地，怎樣）,The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.,P

33、lease tell me the result no matter when you get it.,He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.,I will find you no matter where you hide.,Whatever - 不管,Whatever other people may say, she wont change her mind.,Whatever you do, it wont affect our plan.,While -盡管,While I have sympathy for yo

34、u, I cant help you.,While its none of my business, I will watch you.,Whether -不管，常與or not 連用,Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.,Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt.,9. 方式狀語從句,方式狀語從句常由:,as, as if, as though,as -與 一樣,Do in Rome as the

35、 Romans do.,Leave things as they are.,as if, as though - 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引導的從句中可用虛擬語氣,She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.,1._ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success. A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever,2.It is foolish to take a taxi you

36、 can easily walk to the station. A. before B. that C. unless D. when,3.Ill accept any job, _ I dont have to get up early. A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as,4._ problems you have, you can always come to me for help. A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which,5. _ much advice I gave him

37、, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter,6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? - Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once,7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever