1、Review1. What is literature?2. Basic Qualities of American Writers 3. The outline of American literature before the 20th century,Chapter 1 Colonial America,I. Historical Background (1) In 1492, Christopher Columbus found the new continent called America. (2) Immigrants (3) English immigrants: a. 160

2、7 - John Smith b. 1620 William Bradford MayflowerPuritans The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. They carried with them to America a

3、 code of value,a philosophy of life, and a point of view, which took root in the New World and became what is popularly known as American Puritanism.,II. American Puritanism 1. Puritans / Calvinists 加爾文教徒 John Calvin was a French theologian, his followers are called Calvinists. 2. Doctrine of Purita

4、ns Predestination 宿命論 Original sin 原罪 Total depravity 完全墮落 Limited atonement 有限救贖,3. American Puritans （1）Life style of American Puritans Simple, self-reliance, Pious, diligence，thrift and austerity. （2）Features of American Puritans Idealist and Pragmatist（ pragmatic/practical ） 4. American Puritani

5、sm 5. Influence on literature （1）optimism 樂觀主義 （2）symbolism 象征主義 （3）writing style-simplicity,IIIThe Literary Scene in Colonial America 1. theme : Idealism Thus quietly thy summer goes, Thy days declining to repose.,美麗的花兒 如此清秀的綻放 隱藏在這安寧幽靜的所在 未經(jīng)染指的花蕊盛開芬芳 未被注目的細枝問詢搖擺 不會有那旅人踐踏的腳步 不會有那好事者的采摘,白色的花兒開得自在 將那

6、凡塵俗眼躲避開來 四周有香林掩蓋 一條弱水帶著細語相伴 這夏日便如此消逝遠去 你的花期也漸近凋敝,Smit with those chams, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom; They died-nor were those flowers more gay, The flowers that did in Eden bloom;Unpitying frosts, and Autumns powerShall leave no vestige of this flower. From morning suns and eve

7、ning dews At first thy little being came: If nothing once, you nothing lose, For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of flower.,暗香也終將銷殘 念及你之終期 我便哀慟不已 它們謝去也不減分毫妍麗 曾在天堂綻放的花朵 嚴(yán)霜與那秋日的肅殺 不會讓花兒留下絲毫痕跡,那嬌蕊自朝霞與暮露里 來到這塵世 來時一無所有 去時了無牽掛 塵歸塵 土歸土 這相隔的時間 不過一晌 這便是一朵花兒憔

8、悴的命運一場,The Wild Honey Suckle,Rhyme a-b-a-b-c-c Fair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet: No roving foot shall crush thee here, No busy hand provoke a tear.,The Wild Honey Suckle,Why does the poem hav

9、e four stanzas? What does the poem describe? What is the poet saying about death? How do you think of death?,homework,Franklins thirteen virtues,Mayflower,William Bradford,He was a visionary who never forgets that two plus two equals four; he was a soldier of Jehovah who never came our on the losing

10、 side of a bargain he was a practial idealist.,American Puritanism,The principles and practices of puritans were popularly known as Puritanism. Puritanism accepted the doctrines of Calvinism: the sovereignty of God, the supreme authority of the Bible, and the irresistibility of Gods will for man in

11、every act of his life from cradle to grave. These doctrines led the Puritans to examine their souls to find whether they were the elect and to search the Bible to determine Gods will. Thus piety, austerity , diligence, thrift and introspection were common puritan traits.,Calvinism: Calvinism is the doctrine of John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva. Its a doctrin