1、PART TWO,第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇,語(yǔ)法專題（十二）主謂一致,就近一致原則就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)。 1.eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Neither her parents nor she herself a bank clerk. 她父母和她本人都不是銀行職員。 Either my father or my mother on weekdays. 在工作日,不是我爸爸就是我媽媽做飯。,考點(diǎn)一就近一致原則,【中考考點(diǎn)】 (1)就近一致原則。

2、(2)意義一致原則。 (3)語(yǔ)法一致原則。,is,cooks,2.當(dāng)there be 句型中的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 There a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆、一把小刀和幾本書。 There twenty boys and twenty-three girls in the classroom. 教室里有20名男生和23名女生。 3.在here引導(dǎo)的句子中,主語(yǔ)有不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與離其最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。,is,are,考點(diǎn)二意義一致原則,意義一致原則就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

3、的單、復(fù)數(shù)要看主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。 1.有些集合名詞,如family, class, team 等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若看作整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的每個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Mr.Smiths family a big one. 史密斯先生家是一個(gè)大家庭。 Mr.Smiths family watching TV. 史密斯先生一家人正在看電視。 2.all, either, neither, most, some, any, none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若代表可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若代表可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Now all going well. 目前一

4、切都進(jìn)展順利。 All present.所有的人都在這兒。,is,are,is,are,3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”以及“all/some/any/half/enough/most/the rest/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/(a) part of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要由名詞而定。名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Lots of damage caused by fire. 很多損失是由火造成的。 4.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,表示“商店、工廠、

5、住宅”等意義且作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The doctors across from the street. 診所在街道的對(duì)面。,was/is,is,5.形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù)的名詞,如politics,physics, the United States, news, maths 等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The news very exciting. 那則新聞是非常令人興奮的。 Physics a bit difficult for me. 物理對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有點(diǎn)兒難。 6.表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、度量的詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。加減乘除也?？醋髡w,作

6、主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。 Fifty dollars enough. 五十美元足夠了。,is,is,is,7.a number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The number of the students in our class 50. 我們班學(xué)生的數(shù)量是五十。 A number of players from America. 很多隊(duì)員來(lái)自美國(guó)。 8.形式上雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如people, police, cattle等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A lot of people dancing out

7、side. 很多人正在外面跳舞。 The police looking for the lost boy. 警察正在找那個(gè)丟失的男孩。,is,are/come,are,are,9.“the+形容詞”可以表示一類人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10.“the+姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家”或“夫婦”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Browns are cleaning the windows now. 布朗一家人正在擦窗戶。,考點(diǎn)三語(yǔ)法一致原則,語(yǔ)法一致原則就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 1.each或由some-, any-, no-, every-等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞或

8、one of/each of作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Each of us an English book. 我們每個(gè)人都有一本英語(yǔ)書。 everybody ready? 每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎? 2.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,has,Is,3.主語(yǔ)前面有pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/等量詞接of修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依據(jù)量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 There are three glasses of water on the table. 桌上有三杯水。 The kin

9、d of food tastes great. 這種食物嘗起來(lái)味道真好。 4.由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both he and I are right.我和他都是對(duì)的。 5.and連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果該并列主語(yǔ)指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若指的是同一個(gè)人或事物(即and 后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。,The singer and writer is going to give a concert next week. 那位歌手兼作家將在下周舉辦一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。 The singer and the writer

10、are both my good friends. 這位歌手和這位作家都是我的好朋友。 6.主語(yǔ)后有with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老師和他的學(xué)生們將去參觀博物館。 7.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞、動(dòng)名詞及動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練,用

11、括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.My mother with her friends often (go) shopping on weekends. 2.There (be) four pens and a book on the desk. 3.Listen! The little girl (be) singing in the room. 4.We all know that one of the worlds most popular sports (be) football. 5.The pair of shoes (be) very expensive. 6.Mary who

12、is my friend, as well as her sisters, (study) Chinese in China. 7.Doing morning exercises (make) us healthy.,goes,are,is,is,is,studies,makes,考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練,8.David, there (be) a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. OK, Mom. Ill do it right away. 9.Everyone except Tom and Mike (be) h

13、ere when the teacher came in. 10.Some agree with Jim, but the rest of us (disagree) with him. 11.The Smiths (be) making dumplings in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 12.Two months (be) a long time.We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.,is,was,disagree,were,is,考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練,13.The police ofte

14、n (go) to help the old people in the neighborhood. 14.Two thirds of the books written by her father (have) been sold. 15.One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, (be) that the temperature is almost the same all year round. 16.The teacher and dancer always (teach) us to dance. 17.Toms family is a big one.And the family (get) together to have a big dinner on Christmas Eve every year.,go,have,is,teaches,get,考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練,18.Not only my parents but