1、機電一體化專業(yè)英語（第2版）English forElectromechanical Integration （II）,Contents,Unit 5,Unit 4,Unit 3,Unit 2,Unit 1,Unit 10,Unit 9,Unit 8,Unit 7,Unit 6,Unit 1Lathe Accessories,長春汽車工業(yè)高等專科學校,Passage A,Lathe Accessories Brass Round Stock (銅質圓料) Brass is a nice material to work with, though somewhat expensive compa

2、red with aluminum or steel. It can add a nice touch of contrasting color to a project that will be displayed. The alloy most often used for home shop work is 360.,Unit 1,Center Drills (中心鉆) Center drills are stiff, stubby little drills used to start holes in the end of work-piece. If you try to dril

3、l a hole in a work-piece without using a center drill，you will find that the drill will most likely wobble off center and not drill straight into the work-piece. Standard drilling practice is to first make a facing cut on the end of the work-piece, then drill a starter hole using a center drill and

4、then drill the hole to the required depth with a standard drill.,Passage A,Unit 1,Chip Brushes (清屑刷) Chip brushes are inexpensive paint brushes that are handy for all kinds of uses around the shop. Were not sure where the name originated, but we dont think it had anything to do with removing chips;

5、nevertheless this is one of the uses these brushes excel at. They are also ideal to clean the packing grease off a new lathe or mill. Incidentally, experienced machinists will tell you always to use a brush, rather than compressed air, to clean the chips from machine tools as compressed air will dri

6、ve the chips deep into the recesses of the machine. Chip brushes are the preferred way to clean up chips.,Passage A,Unit 1,Digital Caliper (數顯卡尺) Digital calipers are used just like dial calipers for making inside and outside measurements accurate to one thousandth of an inch but have a direct LCD d

7、igital readout. On a dial caliper you first read the major dimension to the nearest tenth of an inch from the slide and mentally add to that the minor dimension from the dial to the nearest thousandth. This becomes second nature after a while, but still introduces opportunities to make a mistake. A

8、digital caliper reads out the full dimension on the display, so is pretty foolproof, as long as it is properly zeroed. You can also switch between metric and inch modes as needed.,Dial Caliper (帶表卡尺),Digital Caliper (數顯卡尺),Passage A,Unit 1,Passage A,Drill Rod (鉆桿) Drill rod is a steel alloy with a s

9、hiny silvery color and good machining properties. Unlike other raw materials, which may vary from the nominal diameter by + .010 or more, drill rod is surface ground to within about .001 of the nominal diameter. While not classified as a stainless steel, drill rod is moderately resistant to rust - m

10、ore, at least, than ordinary carbon steels. It is great for applications such as shafts and axles. A useful property of drill rod is that it can easily be hardened by heating to a red hot state and then quenching in oil or water. Thus treated, the metal is hard enough to use for tools such as punche

11、s. Drill Sets (成套鉆頭) Drilling is one of the most commonly performed operations on the lathe, so you will need a good collection of decent-quality drills. When you buy your lathe, dont forget to order a tailstock chuck and arbor to hold the drills. Poor quality drills are easy to find, but they are t

12、ruly a waste of money. Thats not to say that you need to buy top quality industrial drills. Its not always easy to tell a good drill bit from a poor one just by looking and, of course, its even harder if all you have is a picture on a web site or in a catalog. Generally, though, the lowest priced dr

13、ill sets are the ones to stay away from.,Unit 1,Passage A,Faceplate (花盤) A faceplate is a handy accessory for turning odd-shaped work that cannot easily be held in a chuck. While its not too difficult to make your own faceplate from steel or aluminum, at this price its hardly worth the effort. After

14、 mounting the faceplate on the spindle, it is standard practice for faceplates to take a light one-time facing cut to ensure that the face of the plate is square with the lathe. Cast iron dust is very harmful to breathe, so I strongly recommend wearing a dust mask during this operation and until you

15、 have vacuumed up the resulting dust. When using a faceplate, always ensure that the work is securely clamped down and balanced by some offsetting piece of metal, if necessary.(Figure 1-7),Unit 1,Passage A,Feeler Gages (塞尺) Feeler gages are sets of thin steel strips of accurate thicknesses, typicall

16、y from .001 up to about .040 or so (Figure 1-8). There are typically about 20 to 40 separate strips in a set, joined together by a bolt that runs through a hole in the end of each gage. Each gage has the thickness marked on it, in both inches and mm in the example below. All of the leaves fold up in

17、to the handle to protect them from bending when theyre not in use. While their intended purpose is to measure the gap between two surfaces, such as the electrodes of spark plug.,Unit 1,Passage A,Follower Rest (跟刀架) A follower rest is similar to a steady rest, but is attached to and travels with the

18、carriage to provide a moving support for the work behind the cutting tool. This is very handy when trying to turn limber work which would otherwise bow out away from the tool. If you have ever wondered about the two screw holes on the left edge of the carriage, now you know what they are for - they

19、are the mounting holes for the follower rest.,Unit 1,Notes,1. Center drills are stiff, stubby little drills used to start holes in the end of work-piece. 本句是個簡單句。句中used to start是后置定語，修飾stubby little drills。全句可譯為：中心鉆是堅硬的、粗而短的小型鉆頭，用于在工件端面開孔。 2. Digital calipers are used just like dial calipers for mak

20、ing inside and outside measurements accurate to one thousandth of an inch but have a direct LCD digital readout. 本句稍長，但它是一個并列句。句中“but”為連詞，譯為“而且”。全句可譯為：數顯卡尺就像帶表卡尺一樣，被用來實現(xiàn)千分之一英寸的內外精確測量，而且?guī)в幸粋€液晶顯示器。 3. After mounting the faceplate on the spindle, it is standard practice for faceplates to take a light o

21、ne-time facing cut to ensure that the face of the plate is square with the lathe. 本句是一個復合句，After引導出介詞短語，主語為to take，而to ensure that又引導出一個狀語從句。全句可譯為：在把花盤安裝在主軸上后, 常規(guī)作法是對斷面進行一次性的輕切削以確?；ūP表面與車床主軸垂直。,Unit 1,New Words,lathe n. 車床 accessory n. 附件 brass n. 黃銅 stock n. 棒料 aluminum n. 鋁 alloy n. 合金 drill n. 鉆 v

22、. 鉆 stubby a. 粗而短的 wobble v. 擺動 chip n. 鐵屑 grease n. 潤滑脂 mill n. 銑床 incidentally ad. 順便說一句 machinist n. 機械師 compress v. 壓縮 recess n. 凹窩處，溝槽 preferred a. 優(yōu)先的，首選的 digital a. 數字的,caliper n. 卡尺 dial n. 刻度表 measurement n. 測量 accurate a. 精確的 readout n. 讀數，讀數器 major a. 大的 dimension n. 尺寸 slide n. 滑尺 minor

23、a. 小的 foolproof a. 不會出錯的 metric n. 米制 rod n. 桿 silvery a 銀色的，似銀的 nominal a. 公稱的，基本的 diameter n. 直徑,Unit 1,New Words,grind v. 磨削 stainless a. 不生銹的 resistant a. 抵抗的，阻止的 rust n. 銹 carbon n. 碳 shaft n. 傳動軸 axle n. 車軸 quench v. （淬火）冷卻 punch n. 沖頭,沖床 decent-quality a. 優(yōu)質的 tailstock n. 尾座 chuck n. 夾具 arbor

24、 n. 刀桿 faceplate n. （車床）花盤,odd-shaped a. 奇特形狀的 mount v. 安裝 spindle n. 主軸 cast n. 鑄造 mask n. 口罩 vacuum v. 用吸塵器吸n. 真空 securely ad. 安全地 clamp v. 夾緊 offset v. 偏置 gage n. 量規(guī) strip n. 金屬片 bolt n. 螺栓 leave n. 金屬片 fold v. 折 electrode n. 電極板，電極棒,Unit 1,New Words,spark n. 火花 plug n. 塞子 attach v. 固定 carriage n

25、. 滑板 limber a. 柔性的，易彎曲的 screw n. 螺釘,Unit 1,Phrases and Expressions,contrasting color對比色 center drill中心鉆 chip brush清屑刷 be handy for便于 excel at擅長 packing grease密封潤滑脂 digital caliper數顯卡尺 dial caliper帶表卡尺 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)液晶顯示器 drill rod鉆桿 machining property加工性能 raw material原材料 carbon steel碳素

26、鋼,a good collection of大量的 standard practice常規(guī)作法 be square with與垂直 cast iron鑄鐵 feeler gage測隙規(guī)，塞尺，厚薄規(guī) intended purpose預期作用 steady rest固定支架 spark plug火花塞 follower rest跟刀架 bow out away from the tool 讓刀,Unit 1,Exercises,EXERCISE 1 Mark the following statements with T (True) or F (False) according to the

27、passage. 1. Center drills are hard, shortness, thickness and little drills used to start holes in the end of work-piece. 2. Chip brushes are very useful, but more expensive. 3. Digital calipers are used as a measurement indicated by a moving needle or pointer. 4. Drill rod is a copper alloy with a n

28、ice color and good machining properties. 5. Feeler gages are accurate sets of thin steel strips to measure the gap between two surfaces.,T,F,T,F,T,Unit 1,Exercises,EXERCISE 2 Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English. 1. center drill _ 2. _ 密封潤滑脂 3. machining property _ 4. _ 碳素鋼 5. cas

29、t iron _ 6. _ 測隙規(guī) 7. steady rest _ 8. _ 跟刀架,中心鉆,加工性能,鑄鐵,中心架,packing grease,carbon steel,feeler gage,follower rest,Unit 1,Passage B,Lathe Accessories (II) Live Center Centers are often used in the tailstock to support the end of a relatively long and limber work-piece. The drawback of a “dead” center

30、 is that the center does not rotate, while the work-piece that it supports does, leading to friction and possibly overheating. By contrast, the tip of a “l(fā)ive” center rotates freely in bearings, and rotates with the work-piece so that the friction is greatly reduced(Figure 1-10). Medium Density Fibe

31、rboard (MDF) MDF is not really an accessory, but it is a handy, inexpensive, lightweight and easily workable material to have around the shop. It is a synthetic material, but with different properties. It is available in thicknesses up to at least 3/4 and is smooth on both faces. It cuts easily usin

32、g a saber saw, circular saw, band saw, table saw or radial arm saw. One disadvantage is that it tends to absorb moisture, but this propensity can be greatly reduced by spray-painting the surfaces (Figure 1-11).,Unit 1,Passage B,Figure 1-10 Live Centers Figure l-11 Medium Density Fiberboard,Unit 1,Pa

33、ssage B,Milling Attachment A milling attachment became available as a standard accessory for the mini “_” lathe. Before this accessory became available, many lathe owners made their own versions based on the one made by Varmint Al. Varmint Al s uses a standard milling vise while the one shown below

34、uses socket head screws to hold the work-piece between the jaws. While by no means a substitute for mini-mill, this accessory is an inexpensive way to add limited milling capability to your mini-lathe while you save up for a mill (Figure 1-12). T-handle Metric Hex Wrench Set These arent really essen

35、tial, but they are so handy and so cheap that you will kick yourself if you live without them and then later try them. I use these for nearly all the hex head screws on the lathe (Figure 1-13).,Figure l-12 Milling Attachment,Unit 1,Passage B,Tailstock Chuck and Arbor Drilling is a fundamental lathe

36、operation and you will need a chuck and a #2 Morse Taper arbor to do it. The arbor has a thread or Jacobs taper on one end (to mate with the chuck) and a #2MT on the other end to mate with the tailstock cylinder. To remove the arbor, place the chuck in your bench vise with the jaws open just a littl

37、e wider than the arbor diameter (not clamping the arbor). Open the jaws up and use a short piece of round stock or a drift pin to drive the arbor out of the back of the chuck. This should only require a fairly light tap of the hammer. It s a good idea to position a rag underneath the arbor to catch

38、it so that it does not get dinged up by falling to the floor (Figure 1-14).,Figure 1-13 T-handle Metric Hex Wrench Set Figure 1-14 Tailstock Chuck and Arbor,Unit 1,Passage B,Tool Bits While I recommend that you learn to grind your own tool bits from Tool Blanks, you may want to have a set of pre-gro

39、und High Speed Steel (HSS) tool bits. Not only will they get you off to an immediate start, theyll serve as good examples of the shapes you want to attain when you grind your own. Heres a very nice set from Walden Specialties. The set includes a 60 threading tool that can be difficult to grind by ha

40、nd (Figure 1-15). Quick Change Tool-post A quick change tool post (QCTP) is an accessory that we strongly recommend: get one as soon as your budget allows.Why? It will save you hours of time and lower your blood pressure by several points since youll no longer have to stack shims under the tool bit

41、to get it to match the height of the lathe centerline. With a QCTP, each cutting tool has its own dedicated holder. Each holder has a locking height adjustment. A few quick trials and adjustments and you lock the tool height to the perfect setting. You wont need to adjust it until you sharpen the to

42、ol, which may lower the tip by a few thousandths (Figure 1-16) .,Unit 1,Passage B,Figure l-15 Tool Bits Figure l-16 Quick Change Tool Post,Wet/Dry Sandpaper Wet/Dry sandpaper is very handy for putting a very fine shiny finish on metal work-pieces in the lathe. In that application it is generally use

43、d dry, but when used wet on a flat backing surface it does a great job of smoothing flat metal workpieces from milling operations (Figure 1-17). White Lithium Grease White lithium grease is useful for lubricating just about any of the moving parts of the lathe (Use light oil on the ways, though, not

44、 greases) (Figure 1-18).,Unit 1,Passage B,Figure 1-17 Wet/Dry Sandpaper Figure 1-18 White Lithium Grease,Unit 1,New Words,center n. 頂尖 drawback n. 弊端 rotate v. 旋轉 friction n. 摩擦 bearing n. 軸承 density n. 密度 synthetic a. 合成的 saw n. 鋸 circular a. 圓形的 band n. 帶狀 radial a. 徑向的 moisture n. 水分 propensity n

45、. 傾向性 attachment n. 夾具 version n. 版本，型號 vise n. 虎鉗,jaw n. 夾具 substitute n. 替代品 hexagonal a. 六角形的 wrench n. 扳手 thread n. 螺紋 taper n. 錐度 mate v. 匹配 cylinder n. 汽缸 bench n. 工作臺 hammer n. 錘子 rag n. 地腳螺栓 ding v. 發(fā)出聲響 attain v. 獲得，達到 stack v. 堆 shim n. 墊片 centerline n. 中線,Unit 1,New Words,dedicated a. 專用的

46、 holder n. 刀架 adjustment n. 調整 trial n. 試刀 sandpaper n. 砂紙 finish n. 拋光度 lithium n. 鋰 lubricate v. 潤滑,Unit 1,Phrases and Expressions,live center活動頂尖 by contrast相反 Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) 中密度纖維板 saber saw軍刀形電動手鋸 circular saw圓盤鋸 bandsaw帶鋸 table saw臺鋸 radial arm saw手拉鋸 tend to易于 be based on基于 s

47、ocket head screw凹頭螺釘 by no means絕不 T-handle Metric Hex Wrench Set T型手柄公制成套六角扳手,Morse Taper莫氏錐度 Jacobs taper賈克布錐度 drift pin沖頭 tool bit刀頭 Tool Blank刀頭 High Speed Steel (HSS)高速鋼 Walden Specialties瓦爾登專賣店 threading tool螺紋車刀 by hand用手工 quick change tool post (QCTP)快換刀架 white lithium grease白色鋰基潤滑脂 light oi

48、l輕質油,Unit 1,Exercises,EXERCISE 3 Choose the best lathe accessory according to the information given.,C,E,A,F,B,D,Unit 1,Exercises,EXERCISE 4 Abbreviations are very useful in practical work. Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms.,交流電,自動檢測讀出設備,絕對誤差,自動化技術設計,自動手動,自動比率控制,基本匯編

49、程序,斜齒輪,Unit 1,Part II,The following is the structure of conventional Machine tool .,Unit 1,Part II,The following is the structure of conventional Machine tool .,Explanations of the Machine Tool Terms 續(xù)表,Unit 1,Part II,The following is the structure of conventional Machine tool .,Explanations of the

50、Machine Tool Terms 續(xù)表,Unit 1,Exercises,EXERCISE 5 The following is the conventional machine tool. You are required to choose the suitable words or phrases given below.,Unit 1,1. Tailstock 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Cross Slide Hand-wheel 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Emergency Stop,Exercises,Tool-post,Chuck,Digi

51、tal Readout,Headstock,Compound Hand-wheel,Auto-feed Direction Select,Lathe For ward/Backward,Auto-feed On/Off,Carriage Hand-wheel,Speed Selectors,Auto-feed Speed Selectors,Unit 1,Part III,The following is a lathe accessory, and you can understand the name of Tool Bits.,Unit 1,Part III,Unit 1,Exercis

52、es,EXERCISE 6 Match the words or phrases on the left with their meanings on the right.,Unit 1,Exercises,EXERCISE 6 Match the words or phrases on the left with their meanings on the right.,A B 1. Step measuring face A. 緊固螺絲 2. Inside measuring face B. 校準貼紙 3. LCD Display Screen C. 內徑測量面 4. inch/mm ke

53、y D. 尺身 5. Locking screw E. 階梯測量面 6. Battery cover F. 開/關鍵 7. Body G. 公英制轉換鍵 8. Calibration sticker H. 液晶顯示屏 9. Depth bar I. 外徑測量面 10. Zero-setting key J. 滑尺 11. On/Off key K. 電池蓋 12. Slider L. 清零鍵 13. Outside measuring face M. 測深桿,Unit 1,Exercises,This section will help you to understand several fo

54、rms of machining.,External Operations Turning A turning operation in which a single-point tool moves axially, along the side of the work “_” piece, removing material to form different features, including steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours. These features are typically machined at a small radial d

55、epth of cut and multiple passes are made until the end diameter is reached. For a finish operation, the cutting feed is calculated based on the desired surface roughness and the tool nose radius.,Unit 1,Exercises,EXERCISE 7 This section is to test your ability to identify different operations.,Unit

56、1,Exercises,EXERCISE 7 This section is to test your ability to identify different operations.,A single-point turning tool moves axially, along the side of the work-piece, removing material to form different features, including (1) steps, (1) Steps (2) (3) (4),Contours,Tapers,Chamfers,Unit 1,Part IV,

57、The micrometer screw gauge The micrometer screw gauge is used to measure even smaller dimensions than the vernier caliper. The micrometer screw gauge also uses an auxiliary scale (measuring hundredths of a millimeter) which is marked on a rotary thimble. Basically it is a screw with an accurately co

58、nstant pitch.The micrometers in our laboratory have a pitch of 0.50 mm.The rotating thimble is subdivided into 50 equal divisions.The thimble passes through a frame that carries a millimetre scale graduated to 0.5 mm.The jaws can be adjusted by rotating the thimble using the small ratchet knob.The thimble must be rotated through two revolutions to open the jaws by 1 mm. Here is a useful applet to learn how to use the micrometer screw gauge (Figure 1-9).,Unit 1,Part IV,Figure 1-19 The micrometer screw gauge,In order to measure an object