獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),一獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),1.概念:充當(dāng)狀語在句中可以表示時間、原因條件、方式或伴隨情況等。2.結(jié)構(gòu):名詞/代詞+非謂語（doing作伴隨狀語時,常放在句首。1._,theyleftthemeetingroom.（問題解決了）（settle）2._,wellgothereonfoot.(時間允許的話)(permit)(cross)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在手下)_,Thisproblemsettled,Timepermitting,hishandscrossedunderhishead.,l,()名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞,_,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他媽媽生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子凍得通紅)_（red）()名詞代詞（being)副詞Heputonhissocks，_.（反的一面在外面）(out),Hismother(being)ill,hisnoseredwithcold.,wrongsideout,()名詞代詞不定式,1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed.,2._(最后一個人的到來)，ourpartywasstarted.（arrive）,Thelastguesttoarrive,（）名詞代詞介詞短語,在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,_.(手上一本書)2._thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗幟）,bookinhand,Flagonshoulder,()有些獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有分詞，僅在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在“being+過去分詞”或“therebeing過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，being不可省。,1._,hewenttoschool.(早餐結(jié)束后)（over）2._,shewentbacktoherroom.(沒有鬧鐘的原因)3._,wecantgothere.(房間正在被油漆),Breakfast(being)over,Therebeingnocauseforalarm,Theroombeingpaintednow,二With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:with/without名詞代詞分詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。,（）with/without名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。,Icouldntfinishmyworkwiththosechildren_.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround()with/without名詞代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention_onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix,()with/without名詞代詞不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。,Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled()with/without名詞代詞形容詞。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.,()with/without+名詞代詞副詞。,_productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through()with/without+名詞代詞介詞短語。1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.,三with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化,（）with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。（）作時間狀語Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.,（）作原因狀語,Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.,(3)作條件狀語,Withtimepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.=Timepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.=Iftimepermits,wellvisittheSummerPalace.,(4)作伴隨狀語,Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.,()with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。,Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.,1._tenminutes_beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3._thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because,鞏固練習(xí),4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied_hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather_sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6._,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes_andhishands_.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled,8._,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather_,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10._arainyday,hedidntgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen,Welldone!,非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，咱們常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題時可分四步分析。,一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1._manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.2._manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ToldC.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold3._totheleft,youllfindthepostoffice.4.Ifyou_totheleft,youllfindthepostoffice.5._totheleft,andyoullfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned,二、分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。1._nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing2._SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.,三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。1._fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2._fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See3.Thedirtyclothes_,thegirlhungthemupoutside.4._thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed,四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。1.Thebuilding_nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding_nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding_lastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built,看看獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合,Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who【陷阱】容易誤選A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞invited并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在invited前加上助動詞were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A,(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_carriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that,OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘茿。與上面一題相似，theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking不是非限制性定語從句，而