1、分分 詞詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞V-ing (doing)V-ed (done)現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式：一般式：完成式：完成式：主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done一般式表示分詞動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生。一般式表示分詞動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生。完成式表示分詞動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。完成式表示分詞動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。 過去分詞過去分詞只有一般式只有一般式, , 表示表示被動關(guān)系、完成的動作或與主句被動關(guān)系、完成的動作或與主句動作同時發(fā)生。動作同時發(fā)生。分詞的否定分詞的否定： not

2、+ 分詞分詞1.作表語作表語2.作定語作定語3.作賓補作賓補4.作狀語作狀語過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 1. 分詞作表語分詞作表語 The result is surprising. He is surprised. 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：作表語：一般表示主動或主語的性質(zhì)和特征一般表示主動或主語的性質(zhì)和特征, “令人令人 ”的意思的意思, 主語多數(shù)情況是主語多數(shù)情況是sth. 過去分詞過去分詞作表語：作表語：一般表示被動或說明主語情感心理上的感受一般表示被動或說明主語情感心理上的感受, “感感到到的的”,主語多數(shù)情況是主語多數(shù)情況是sb.比較比較: He was surprised a

3、t the result. (即即 The result surprised him. ) He was surprising. (即即He surprised sb. ) 但不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，則表示主動但不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，則表示主動關(guān)系：關(guān)系：Spring is come. My car is gone. 2. 分詞作定語分詞作定語 單個的分詞作定語一般要前置：單個的分詞作定語一般要前置： boiling water = water which is boiling boiled water = water which has been boiled 小結(jié)小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞表

4、示：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行正在進行的動作的動作; 過去分詞表示過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成已經(jīng)完成的動作。的動作。2) 分詞短語作定語要后置：分詞短語作定語要后置： The man standing at the gate is our boss. (= The man who is standing at the gate is) The house built last year is our clinic. (= The house which was built last year is )小結(jié)小結(jié)：分詞作定語時可以改寫成定語從句。：分詞作定語時可以改寫成定語從句。注意事項注意事項: 1）單個過

5、去分詞作定語時也可后置）單個過去分詞作定語時也可后置,以示強調(diào)。以示強調(diào)。 There are six days left. Please do the exercises given. 2) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式或過去分詞也可表示狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式或過去分詞也可表示狀態(tài) (無時間性無時間性)。 The house facing south is a shop. = The house which faces south is. Gases sent into the air by factories are harmful to health. = Gases which are sent i

6、nto the air by factories are 3) 分詞短語作定語也有限制性和非選擇性分詞短語作定語也有限制性和非選擇性, 逗號逗號 是非選擇性的標(biāo)志：是非選擇性的標(biāo)志： He broke the window, making the boss angry. = , which made the boss angry. The park, opened to the public next year, is two miles away from my house. =The park, which will be opened to the public, .4) 現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在

7、分詞的 一般式被動語態(tài)作定語則表示正在一般式被動語態(tài)作定語則表示正在 進行進行,被動關(guān)系被動關(guān)系: The car being repaired is mine. = The car which is being repaired is mine. 5) 不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語表示主動關(guān)系不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語表示主動關(guān)系, 完成的動作完成的動作: fallen leaves= leaves that have fallen arrived guests= guests who have arrived 3. 分詞作賓補：分詞作賓補： We heard them quarrelling

8、 in the next room. Ill get my bike repaired. With time going on, his disease is becoming more and more serious. He went out with a book held in his hand. 注意注意:不及物動詞的過去分詞則表示主動關(guān)系：不及物動詞的過去分詞則表示主動關(guān)系： We found the car gone. 4. 分詞作狀語分詞作狀語,主語要一致主語要一致, 可改成相對應(yīng)的狀語可改成相對應(yīng)的狀語從句。從句。 1) 表示時間表示時間, 也可在其前加也可在其前加while

9、/when等連詞等連詞: (When) Arriving at the airport, he saw Ann meeting him. ( = When he arrived, ) ( When ) Asked about his family, he made no answer. ( = When he was asked about his family, ) 2) 表示條件表示條件, 也可在其前加也可在其前加if/unless等連詞等連詞: (If) Finding the child, please ring me up. ( = If you find the child,) (

10、 If ) Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful. ( = If it is seen in the distance, )3) 表示原因：表示原因： Being ill, he was absent from the meeting. ( = As he was ill, ) Not knowing the way, he had to ask for help. ( As he didnt know the way, ) Lost in thought, he hit the tree. ( = As he was l

11、ost in thought, ) 4) 表示表示(意料之中的意料之中的)結(jié)果結(jié)果: The hunter fired, shooting one of the wolves. 區(qū)別區(qū)別: 不定式表示意外的結(jié)果不定式表示意外的結(jié)果 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 5) 表示讓步表示讓步, 也可在其前加上連詞也可在其前加上連詞even though / although / though / while: (Though) Raining heavily, it cleared up soon. meetin

12、g him. ( = Though it rained heavily, ) (Though ) Told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the kid. ( = Though he was told of the danger, ) 6) 表示伴隨表示伴隨,相當(dāng)于并列謂語：相當(dāng)于并列謂語： She sat at the table reading China Daily . ( = and read China Daily. ) Tom stood there, surrounded by lots of kids. ( =

13、and was surrounded by lots of kids. ) 7) 表示方式表示方式,可位于句首、句中或句尾：可位于句首、句中或句尾： Laughing and talking, they entered the hall. The hunter , followed by his wolf dog, walked in the forest. The hunter walked in the forest, followed by his wolf dog.5. 分詞作狀語時注意事項分詞作狀語時注意事項: 1) 如果過去分詞同時表示被動和動作完成如果過去分詞同時表示被動和動作完

14、成, 可可改成現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式；如果過去分詞只改成現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式；如果過去分詞只表示被動表示被動, 不表完成不表完成, 則不能改則不能改:Warned many times, he still does so. (表被動和完成表被動和完成)（= Having been warned many times, ） Badly injured, he was sent to hospital. (表被動表被動和狀態(tài)和狀態(tài))（= As he was badly injured, ） Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beau

15、tiful. (表被動表被動) （= If it is seen from the top of the hill, )2) 過去分詞過去分詞done 與現(xiàn)在分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞being done作原因作原因狀語可以互換狀語可以互換, 但用但用done 的較多的較多:Written very well, the novel sells well. = Being written very well, = As it is written very well, 3) 一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞being done 作方式或伴隨作方式或伴隨狀語狀語,而用過去分詞而用過去分詞done:Tom en

16、tered the room, followed by his child. Led by the guide, we went into the forest. 1._ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. _ to sunlight for too much time, your skin will be harmed. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed2. _ such heavy pollution alre

17、ady, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. SufferedAAC3. The research is so designed that once _, nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun4. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B.

18、 the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help5. The idea for the new plan came to his mind, _ to his experiment in the lab. A. while devoting Bwhile devoting himself C. while he was devoted Dwhile devoted DDC6. _ of danger in the street at

19、night, she had to go home, with a friend _ her. A. Warning, following B. Having warned, following C. Having been warned, following D. Warned, followed7. At the International Ballet Competitions, Smith won the first gold medal ever _ to an American male dancer . A. awarded B. to be award C. being awa

20、rded D. should be awarding _8.The student, if well _ , will pass the examination without much difficulty A. preparing B. prepared C. to prepare D. ready9. _ a little money , Jane was able to buy her mother a lovely new watch . A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved 10.We saw new houses wherev

21、er we went on our visit. A. built B. being built C. building D. to build_11.The missing boy was last seen _near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play12.The boy who was caught _in the exam will be punished by the teacher. A. Cheat B. cheating. C. to cheat D. cheated13.- Good morni

22、ng. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package_, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed14. Its very cold. Lets make a fire _ ourselves. A. warm B. to warm C. warming D. warmed_15.When he was a boy, he used to go there and watched _. A. bicycles repaired B. bicycles to be re

23、paired C. bicycles being repaired D. to repair bicycles16.Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A. written B. writing C. write D. to write17. The first textbooks _for teaching English as a foreign language, were produced in the 16th century. A. written B. to be writt

24、en C. being written D. having written_18.This is one of the problems _at the meeting at present. A. discussed B. discussing C. to be discussed D. being discussed19.The problem _tomorrow has something to do with our daily life. A. discussed B. being discussed C. to be discussed D. been discussed20.Th

25、e child _by his father left home yesterday. A. having been punished B. to be punished C. punished D. who has been punished_Unit 5The power of naturetyphoon sandstormfloodearthquaketornadosnowstormtsunamilandslidecyclone旋旋風(fēng)風(fēng)hailstorm雹暴雹暴volcanohurricane The power of natureAn extinct volcanoHaleakala

26、Crater, the largest dormant volcano in the world, Maui, HawaiiAn active volcanosandstormhurricanetsunami海嘯海嘯tornado龍卷風(fēng)龍卷風(fēng)landslide滑坡滑坡hailstorm雹暴雹暴cyclone旋風(fēng)旋風(fēng)earthquakefloodLanguage points 1. erupt vi. 爆發(fā)爆發(fā)(=break out) eruption U&C n. (火山火山,疾病疾病,戰(zhàn)爭等戰(zhàn)爭等)爆發(fā)爆發(fā), 突發(fā)突發(fā) 2. a knowledge of : A knowledge

27、of medicine is of great use to health. 3. (be) under construction/ discussion 正在建設(shè)中正在建設(shè)中(討論中討論中) 4. protect from /against protect children from/against being harmed. 5. imagine (ones) doing ; enjoy/dislike doing I didnt imagine his coming late for the match. 6. compared with/to跟跟相比相比(作狀語作狀語) Compare

28、d to Tom, Im a little short. 7. make up組成組成: make up a medical teamReading OneAn exciting jobPara 1 1. travel n.&vi. travel to China. I like travel. 2. alongside= side by side with:與與并肩并肩; 橫靠橫靠;旁靠旁靠;沿著沿著旁邊旁邊 The ship is alongside the dock (碼頭碼頭) He walked alongside Jane. 3. sometimes adv.有時有時; s

29、ometime adv.某個時候某個時候 (= 2) some time); some time 1)一段時間一段時間 2)某個時候某個時候 Ill make a trip to the Great Wall sometime / some time next week. He will stay here for some time ( = a time). The experiment took me some time. Para 1 4. bore vt. 使厭煩使厭煩(乏味乏味, 厭倦?yún)捑? The work bores me. be bored with/to do對對厭煩厭煩(乏

30、味乏味,厭倦?yún)捑?; be boring 令人厭煩令人厭煩(厭倦?yún)捑?乏味乏味) I am bored with the job / to do the job. The work is boring. 5. occasionally =sometimes =from time to time =at times 時常時常, 不時不時,有時有時,偶爾偶爾 6. be dangerous to sb/sth; be a danger to sb/sth be in danger (of) ; be out of danger (of) The tiger is a danger to the l

31、ocal villagers. He is in danger (of being killed). 7. mind doing介意干介意干; mind 注意注意 Mind your head! Do / Would you mind doing? Do / Would you mind if ? 8. alive有活力的有活力的,有生氣的有生氣的,活著的活著的; live 活著的活著的(指動物指動物, 作定語作定語); 直播的直播的 9. protectfrom/against 10. in the earth在土壤在土壤(泥土泥土)里里; on the earth 在地球在地球 on ea

32、rth：1) (在疑問詞之后在疑問詞之后, =ever)究竟究竟,到底到底: 2) 在世界上在世界上, 在地面上在地面上 Where on earth do you live? = Where ever do you live? Para 21. appoint sb as= appoint sb (to be)任命任命,委委任任 appoint her (as/to be) manager be appointed (as / to be) manger被任命為經(jīng)理被任命為經(jīng)理2. 動名詞、不定式作表語動名詞、不定式作表語： My job is collecting / to collect

33、 a child.3. Having collectedthe information, (現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語, = After I have collected4. warn sb of/to do/that/against warn her of the fire; warn him to mind his action； warn her that she should mind the danger; warn him against smoking5. out of the way不擋道不擋道,不礙人不礙人,靠邊靠邊,不恰當(dāng)不恰當(dāng),異常異常 My car is ou

34、t of the/your way. Get out of the way!滾開！滾開！I saw nothing out of the way. 我沒看到異常的事。我沒看到異常的事。He said something out of the way.他說了些不恰當(dāng)他說了些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑?。的話?反反 in the/ones way 擋道擋道 : You are/get in the/my way.6. be burned to the ground 被焚燒殆盡被焚燒殆盡,被夷為平地被夷為平地7. coverwith sth; cover(采訪采訪 ) a meeting; cover (走走) 2

35、0 miles; be covered with/byPara 3 1. crash n. 碰撞碰撞(聲聲),墜落墜落,墜毀；墜毀； vi. 碰撞碰撞,發(fā)出撞擊聲發(fā)出撞擊聲,墜落墜落; vt. 撞擊撞擊, 砸碎砸碎 All passengers on board were killed in the plane crash. The plane crashed to the ground/ in the hill. The car crashed into the tree. The door crashed open. crash a bottle against the wall. be

36、crashed into pieces 2. less +形容詞、副詞原級形容詞、副詞原級+than不如不如 He is less tall than me. He works less hard than me. 3. cause/do damage to= damage 4. far/much/a lot/still/even/any等等+比較級比較級 He is much better than yesterday. 5. bury vt. 埋藏埋藏,埋葬埋葬 bury the treasure under the ground; bury sb alive活埋某人活埋某人; bury

37、oneself in= be buried in專心于專心于(沉浸于沉浸于);埋頭做埋頭做 He is buried in his studies. 6. erupt vi.噴發(fā)噴發(fā),爆發(fā)爆發(fā),突發(fā)突發(fā); eruption n. C&U erupt into laughing/shouting突然大笑突然大笑/大叫起來大叫起來 7. have short/near/long sight; catch/lose sight of ; fall in love at first sightbe in sight/out of sight; at the sight of一看見一看見 8.

38、all night (long) 整夜；整夜；all day (long)整天整天 9. be fast/sound asleep酣睡酣睡10. quite a few相當(dāng)多相當(dāng)多11. take notice (of) 注意注意()= notice take much notice; take no notice of12. be about to dowhen正要正要這時這時 I was about to go out when the phone rang.13. in the distance 在遠處在遠處; at a distance 在稍微遠的距離在稍微遠的距離 We could

39、see the lights in the distance. The oil painting looks beautiful at a distance.14. fountain噴發(fā)噴發(fā)= eruptPara 4 1. 時間名詞時間名詞+before/after the night/day after/before the car accident two days before/after the meeting 2. have/take a look at 3. close adj. 親密的親密的,嚴(yán)密的嚴(yán)密的,近的；近的；adv. 接近地接近地closely adv. 仔細(xì)地仔細(xì)地,

40、密切地密切地,緊緊地緊緊地 stand/come close to me; a close friend; a close watch嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)視嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)視; be close/near to離離近近 a close match一場勢均力敵的比賽一場勢均力敵的比賽 Listen to me closely. 仔細(xì)聽我講。仔細(xì)聽我講。 Closely watch the man.嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視這個人。嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視這個人。 closely hug sb緊緊地?fù)肀橙司o緊地?fù)肀橙薖ara 44. two other kids =other two kids5. drive sb/sth to開車送某人開車送某

41、人(某物某物)到到地方地方; drive home; drive sb mad使某人發(fā)瘋使某人發(fā)瘋; drive a taxi; drive to the school gate drive sb from/out of把某人驅(qū)趕出把某人驅(qū)趕出地方地方6. drop vt. 使下車使下車; 卸卸(貨貨): be dropped at the zoo 在動物園下了車在動物園下了車;drop her at the park；drop the goods at the gate; drop school= drop out of school輟學(xué)輟學(xué) drop in on sb 順便拜訪某人順便拜訪

42、某人; drop in at順便拜訪某個地方順便拜訪某個地方 Para 47. form vt. 形成形成,組成組成,養(yǎng)成：養(yǎng)成： form the bad habit; form a lake; form (=make up) a medical team8. 比較比較：three of us我們中的三個人我們中的三個人; the three of us我們?nèi)齻€人我們?nèi)齻€人 all three of us我們所有的三個人我們所有的三個人9. (be) in穿著穿著; be dressed in穿著穿著 I know the girl in a red skirt. She is (dress

43、ed) in a red skirt.10. make ones way to (費力地費力地)行進到行進到 We made our way to the top of the mountain.Paras 4-511. at/on the edge of在在邊緣邊緣(邊沿邊沿)12. but this being my first experience, I 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（作原因狀語）（作原因狀語）= but as this was my first experience, I13. be enthusiastic about對很熱心對很熱心(熱情熱情)14. Having st

44、udied many years, I (作讓步狀語作讓步狀語, = Though I have studiedmany years, I)15. be amazed at/to do/that對對很驚奇很驚奇Reading TwoThe lake of heavenPara 1 1. much of +限定詞限定詞(定冠詞定冠詞/物主代詞物主代詞/指示代詞指示代詞/名詞所有格名詞所有格)+名詞名詞： Much of the/this mountain is bare. 這座山的許多地方都是光禿禿的。這座山的許多地方都是光禿禿的。 但若是專有名詞但若是專有名詞, 不加限定詞：不加限定詞： I have seen much of Beijing. 我已經(jīng)看過北京的許多地方我已經(jīng)看過北京的許多地方. I see much of h