1、主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式(not) tomake(not) to be made完成式(not) tohave made (not) to have been made(not) to進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式（notbe makingto have been making一作定語(yǔ) a于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。 The next train to arrive is from Washington. 表示將來的動(dòng)作 Have you anythin, to be taken to your sister?只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Do you have anything to say on the q

2、uestion?與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間 又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí).盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如是不及物動(dòng)詞,Would you please give me some paper to write on?與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 則需加介詞 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)=定語(yǔ)從句*例to arrive=that will arrive。二、作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作：動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people,嚴(yán)I主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)其含義一是條件一是結(jié)果（例 My chie

3、f purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe mat ter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.時(shí)，或以what引嚴(yán)I主語(yǔ)是 aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion 等為中心詞（例） 導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例）不定式說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容： Our work is serving the people, What he likes is taking a walk after supper.句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分可以

4、轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work, The story told by Mr, Wang is interesting. 而句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ).說明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì).狀態(tài), 三、作賓補(bǔ) 1）動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式（3 do）Advise allow appoint believecausechallengecommand compelconsiderdeclare driveenable encourage find forbidforceguess hireimagine impelinduceinform instructinvite judge know lik

5、e orderpermitpersuaderemind reportrequestrequire selecttrust understand urge warnstreet.send state suppose tell think trainFather will not allow us to play on the 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠 found him lying on the ground.用分詞做賓補(bǔ)（現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行過去分詞表達(dá) 被動(dòng)） =1 found it important to learn.先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to do=I found

6、 that to learn English is in?)ortant.帶一個(gè)從句2） to + be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞。Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare（聲稱）， discover, fancy（設(shè)想），feelfind, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see（理解）， show, suppose, take （以為）suppose,understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我們認(rèn)為湯

7、姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一3） to be +形容詞Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish,desire, want, plan, expect, meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting. 人們認(rèn)為這木書沒什么總思。4） there be+不定式believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstandWe didn

8、't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里& 5） as短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)如regard.Mary took him as her fatherthink believe, take, consider, .瑪麗把他'勺作自己的父親。四：作狀語(yǔ)in order to, so as to, 以便）Toonly to (僅僅為了so (such) as to(如此He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班午2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ).表事先沒有預(yù)料到的要放在句

9、子后而。What have I said to make you angry.3）表廉WI'm glad to see you.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on 肖動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。五、作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不宦式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用敢數(shù)其位置有以下兩種:(1)把不定式a于句首。如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式S后$) ：”

10、不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is-" to的句型(tft)It is to believeto see.（對(duì)）To see is to believe,百聞不如一見oA.作賓語(yǔ)1）動(dòng)詞+不定式 Want to do be warned not to do 被動(dòng)2）動(dòng)詞+不定式二動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wishI want to speak to Tom.我想和湯談話eI wa

11、nt you to speak to Tom,我想讓你和湯姆談話。3）動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to （疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí).iF/語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用貳數(shù)decide, know consider forget, learn,remember,show, understand, see,tellwonder, hear, find out, explain,Please show us how to do that.請(qǐng)演示給我們女II何去做The question is how to put it into practice, 問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施.4）有童動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)二接that引尋的從句。

12、I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.5）.十復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后.HP：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+ it +補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+ to do句式。He feels it his duty to help the poor.語(yǔ)態(tài)在The" be結(jié)構(gòu)中修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可川被動(dòng)也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的

13、恿思不同如：These is nothing to do now. ( We have nothing to do now. ) There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)(2)時(shí)態(tài)1）現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一股現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I* 11 see you again.我希望再見到你。 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前.2)He3)seems t

14、o have caught a cold.進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生He4)seems to be eating something, 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who, what, which> when, where, whether, how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)等。如： When to leave for London (When we shall leave) has not be

15、en decided yet. Mr. Smith didn* t know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xuhow to learn English veil, (how I could learn) The question was where to get the medicine needed.以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式如：epWhenwe shall leave*how I could learn 經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使川的動(dòng)詞有J consider, decide, discover, e

16、xplain, find out. forget, hear, knew, learn, observe, understand, wonder 等。+do1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞C 除 ought 外.ought to):2）使役動(dòng)詞3）感官動(dòng)詞4)let, have, make：（在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉）I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.would rather, had better：5)6)7)Why why not ：help 可帶 tOr 也可不帶 to, help sb (to) do sth；but和except： but前是to do時(shí)，后巾|出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用dowants to do nothing but go out. 比較：He wants