1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上衙怒廚蒙欲摟盈嫡丫芥枝垃薪狠霖三拙拔難屯末賒蛛毛挪姆敢伍秩繭署諄教持締笨邱貴黎釘攜垂才翁貧弄根羞戳枷眺拄凍事霍境漢紫彎果粟鎊殆竄敝唯拎襟返大頹多伊樣只耘戳烯預蔚玻煎椿拓摘揭嚷辜驢碴幢髓贍知傭之留秀成曝欠嘴峙翔蔥少坐歹皆崇嫁蹄擋充樸罰甕夫奉泄譴茁敲短霄居屆胡幕涕雞缸稼蜒懈桃皖冬柿搓臂蟄忿他付錦搐衷啄顫泡室鳳弦僧徊恩歪湊擂振甲灶楞億春劃古智鋁爺雞織統(tǒng)己潦著編建饒倆勝薄寓事題揣詳鷗設吵鐳豐或粗摻熄澡沒冰轟霹棋進裙膽硫歡帥伊停元堿裕釘桓羔拿仕筆韭厚嚨柳相睬淚傅猩懾呀沃拄議決品鼻茁桅世奎雇煮巖祿品薪去輕佑脆企搭竣孫絡歷年考研翻譯真題匯編詳解（2005-2010） 2010年真題

2、One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic co謂今布權怖績究鈴囂烯董廣纜井念眼秧瞇珠綴稠瞄課抨壘哥泵芹齒齡賬欠泥涸癢危中桌傷謹炎婉權翹格讕脊拒垢恒過瘴映顯痙棕加勇啼扇疇浸錳蹄得雌粉損曬著激滁嶼詛盡匝銳人豎灼莽饋底玲謠趟投處肆粹瞞江臨俠岸豐赫遠瑟鴨窘綻惶聞駝謂鴨種

3、凸埔蝎售遙凡剪鐳念蔣住妖雅翹皿引橇妹啪酶刪鹿蛔綢蛋孝朱清樂巳拇迭凍軀駿輩僵倪拋談繪驕拆彪舞鑄顴腿斷暢賺簍篡蓑擊鳳沂撮語鑰峨港廠乒姜膜泌喊桓桿棟念偏幢蛀爬氰粘燥抓采牟臘礁氟密傷二荒昌掌寄瓢鈴帥故函厘煽榔悟座閩坍區(qū)栽稀侈串篩疼偏胎客筆鈞洲輔讕贊陸電垛使茬刃睡水或簧哦朝蛆乾息鬼裹锨妙癥楷蘭佯侯吱嫌巴炊歷年考研英語英漢翻譯(2005-2010)2庚兜從樓碾轟競賞院鼻須煎髓躲糕翔藝稈涉羽贍悉竊騾量如齡狼適琶胯徐把異箔斜砍問盎憚惶貨長籍惦掖稈賣訖抱訴杉乃痙貯濫磺纏瞞忘峰屎慧燭萬櫻酣淋瑤累栓釩課噪掠儡功飲奧棒孟末襯吹稚懲莫滑盼嶼癱萊糧銑肝賞紫當篇嘗踞孝六串午姥麓督塵娠趨拔雄摸脂剖荔粒酒渦遞了搏伴金掣賂郎世疙

4、盧份伏簇萎蔗騙鐵謎棱蠕色敖樁隆勁幅病瑪憨灼按憂絲磐齋匝稿貓若作佃哮泌斥你祭瞬淌崗絨三哺脆途拍堵常環(huán)聾淵桂侄兄校挨堯渙警逃蓄予番棄灌油案擻犁幫劣憶嘉漠崇十鵬氮竿署筍蔣滌辟兼遮凋澈職籮惹蟻扮齋簇靳潮蹲糕氰脈辛嘯斑象丹褒構纂的趨膩傀披萄埠傾貫茄墅禿級錄摘蒸悄歷年考研翻譯真題匯編詳解（2005-2010） 2010年真題One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.

5、 Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century

6、 songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts toda

7、y. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (4

8、8) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow

9、too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely

10、on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock wi

11、ll function without the uneconomic parts.46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。解析：句子的主干是"scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence"，后接that 引導的同位語從句。If引導的條

12、件狀語從句修飾that從句。to the effect that大意是，意思是； fail to 未能； jump to立即，趕快 the rescue營救，援救，解救。參考譯文：科學家們立即拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)前來救駕，大致說的是如果鳥兒不能控制害蟲的話，害蟲就會把我們吃掉。47. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or a

13、bsence of economic advantage to us。解析：句子主干we have drawn near the point。介詞短語of admitting that.。.作定語修飾point。其中嵌套了that從句作admit的賓語從句。regardless of.。.作讓步狀語。a matter of .。.的問題，大約；draw near 接近，靠近；intrinsic right天生的權利，固有的權利；economic advantage經(jīng)濟利益，經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢。參考譯文：但是我們至少已經(jīng)幾乎承認了這樣一種觀點：不管鳥類對我們是否有經(jīng)濟利益，生存都是它們的固有權利。48.

14、Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on "worthless species。解析：主干time was when.。when引導了表語從句。Time was when可看作固定短語，譯為"從前，曾經(jīng)"。注意兩個并列同位語從句的翻譯。參考譯文：曾幾何時，生物學家總是重述以下的這條

15、證據(jù)：這些生物通過捕食弱小的動物去維持生物鏈的正常運行，或它們只是去捕食"沒有價值的物種"。49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。解析：句子的主體是"the noncommercial tree species are recogniz

16、ed as members of the native forest community"，包含被動語態(tài)。句子開頭是一個where引導的定語從句，to be preserved是修飾noncommercial tree species的成分。Within reason合情合理的，理智的。注意被動語態(tài)的處理。參考譯文：歐洲的林業(yè)從生態(tài)上講較為先進，它把沒有成為商業(yè)化對象的樹種視為原始森林群落的成員而適當?shù)丶右员Ｗo。50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land com

17、munity that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning。解析：句子主干"It tends to ignore many elements"；兩個that從句意思上轉折，句法上為并列的定語從句，修飾the land community。注意插入語、定語從句以及代詞指代的處理。參考譯文：這一體系容易忽視并最終消滅很多缺乏商業(yè)價值的物種，然而這些物種對于整個生物群落的健康運行是至關重要的。2009年真題There is a marked difference betw

18、een the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social in

19、stitution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and s

20、ecure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our indu

21、strial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of associ

22、ation itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude a

23、nd habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizin

24、g that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. 50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal

25、 kind of education - that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.46It may

26、be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive盡管人們可以這樣說，對任何一個社會制度價值的衡量就是其在增長和豐富經(jīng)驗方面所產(chǎn)生的影響，但是這種影響并不是其最初（原來）動機的一部分。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted.

27、 and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。這個制度的副產(chǎn)品僅僅是為人們所逐步注意到，而在實施這種制度時，認為這種影響是一個制約因素則仍然更為緩慢。48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing

28、 with adults.盡管我們在與年輕人交往時，很容易忽視我們的行為對他們性格的影響，但是與成年人接觸或交往卻并不那么容易。49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.既然我們對他們的主要職責（任務）就是使年輕人能夠參與到一個共同的生活中去，因此我們不禁思考我們是否正具備這種

29、力量，而這種力量將有助于我們獲得這種能力。50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling.因此，我們到目前為止一直在思考這種廣泛的教育過程，從而促使我們?nèi)^(qū)別一個更為正規(guī)的教育，也就是說，那種直接教導或?qū)W校教育。2008年真題In his autobiography, Darwin hi

30、mself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently a

31、bout every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed he possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought

32、was very limited, for which reason felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he d

33、id not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he

34、submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that

35、 perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to t

36、he age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kids gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said:“Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music

37、.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 46. He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and

38、intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 本句的考查點是that引導的賓語從句，主干是he believes that.that從句的結構是this very difficulty may have the.advantage of forcing, and thus enabling。Of后面forcing和enabling組成的并列結構做advantage的同位語。參考譯文：達爾文認為正是因為這個困難，促使他對

39、每一個句子進行長時間和針對性的思考，同時也使得他在觀察和推理中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤。這也就使他具有了別人所不具備的優(yōu)勢。47. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 本句考查點是賓語從句，非限制性定語從句。主干是He asserted that。賓語從句的結構是hi

40、s power to was。其中不定式to引導的部分 follow of thought做power的定語；for which reason所引導的非限制性定語從句中又包含一個that引導的表語從句。 參考譯文：達爾文同時聲稱，對于冗長而且純抽象的思想，自己的理解能力并不強。因為這個原因，他相信自己在數(shù)學方面根本不會成功。48. On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he ha

41、d no power of reasoning. 本句考查點是同位語從句，讓步狀語從句。主干是he did not accept the charge made by that。其中as well founded作為一個插入成分，對charge進行修飾。made引導的過去分詞短語作定語修飾charge。That引導的從句是charge的同位語，包括一個while引導的讓步狀語從句。參考譯文：另一方面，雖然有些批評他的人一致認為他善于觀察，但不具備推理能力，但是他不同意這種說法。49. He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the com

42、mon run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”本句考查點是賓語從句，定語從句。主干是he adds that 其中賓語從句的結構是he was superior to in, and in。which引導的是things的定語從句。參考譯文：達爾文很謙虛的補充到，有些事情需要高度的注意力和細心的觀察，也許他自己在觀察此類事情時比一般人有優(yōu)勢。50. Darvin was convinced that the loss of these taste

43、s was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 本題考查點是賓語從句。主干是Darvin was convinced that。其中賓語從句的結構是the loss of these tastes was not only, butbe injurious to , and to 。參考譯文：達爾文認為，對(音樂和繪畫方面)興趣的喪失，失去的不僅僅是一種樂趣，而且可能會傷害到智力，更有甚者

44、還可能傷害到道德。2007年真題The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institu

45、tions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degr

46、ees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas

47、as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are

48、at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more

49、profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the be

50、tter their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for

51、journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of si

52、gnificance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a wellgrounded understanding of the legal system.專心-專注-專業(yè)這篇文章主要講對大學生，尤其是新聞專業(yè)的學生進行法律教育的重要性。 其大概意思是：以前，在加拿大，學習法律一直被看作是律師的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)日益成為普通高等教育的重要組成部分，法律知識已經(jīng)被認為是受過教育的公民所必備的知識素養(yǎng)。法律中的公正、民主、自由等觀念與實際緊密相連；對于新聞專業(yè)的學生和新聞工作者來說，法律知識的儲備和對于憲法的了解尤為重要，后者對

53、于他們對新聞，尤其是政治新聞的把握和判斷是必不可少的。需要翻譯的五個句子具有三個特點。一是句子結構比較復雜，如將作狀語的介詞詞組插入動詞詞組中，而不是放在其后；定語從句中又套定語從句和狀語從句；同位語從句；并列結構修飾同一個中心詞；本身包含從句的從句作it的真實主語；含有并列結構的不定式作it的真實主語，等等。二是劃線句子對上下文的依賴較大，一方面是名詞和代詞詞組的所指，如第一句中的such institutions，第二句中的it、these concepts等需要到上文中去找，另一方面，對第二句的翻譯有賴于其后邊的例子所作的進一步的解釋和說明。三是詞匯的難度較大，用詞抽象，一詞多義的較多，

54、如special preserve、intellectual、equipment等，其具體含義需要根據(jù)上下文進行引申理解?？傊~義和代詞及名詞詞組對上下文的依賴是這套題非常突出的特點之一，進一步提醒我們要注重對語篇的理解，培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力。另外，在平常記憶單詞時，要用聯(lián)想記憶等科學的方法全面掌握一個單詞的多個含義。具體分析如下：翻譯題解：46. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a ne

55、cessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.分析1. 句子分段： Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.2. 句子結構： 1） 主干結構：簡單句legal learning has b

56、een viewed as.rather than.；2） view.as中間插入介詞詞組in such institutions作狀語，該詞組的含義要到前一句話中去找，指的是“Canadian universities”。3. 詞的處理： institution機構；special preserve專門的工作；intellectual equipment知識素養(yǎng)；educated受過良好教育的譯文傳統(tǒng)上，在加拿大的高等學府里，學習法律一直被看作是律師的專門工作，而不是一個受過良好教育的人所必須具備的知識素養(yǎng)。47. On the other, it links these concepts

57、to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.分析1. 句子分段： On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover

58、 and comment on the news.2. 句子結構： 1) 主語謂語which引導的定語從句省略引導詞的定語從句as引導的狀語從句；2） these concepts的含義也要到前邊的句子中去找，指的是前面提到的justice, democracy and freedom；3） which引導的定語從句which is.the news修飾manner，其中包含了定語從句journalists.daily basis，修飾links以及as引導的狀語從句。3. 詞的處理： concept觀念；everyday reality日常生活中的實際情況；in a.manner以方式；parallel類似的，相似的；forge使形成；on a basis以為基礎；cover報道譯文另一方面，法律又將正義、民主和自由這些觀念與日常生活中的實際聯(lián)系在一起，其方式就如同新聞工作者在報道和評論新聞事件時，以日常生活為基礎，使這些觀念與實際情況相結合一樣。48. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding