1、中國(guó)CDM能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)講義Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in ChinaCDM 項(xiàng)目國(guó)內(nèi)要求national reuqirements of CDM Projects in China2022/7/221第1頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。介紹的主要內(nèi)容Presentation Outline管理辦法簡(jiǎn)介Brief introduction審批程序CDM approval and authority process地方參與各方的基本要求The local stakeholder process requirement參與企業(yè)應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題Ot

2、her issues of the participants of CDM project in China2022/7/222第2頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行管理暫行辦法Measures for Regulation on Operation and Management of CDM Projects in China發(fā)改委、科技部和外交部聯(lián)合發(fā)布Issued by the State Development and Reform Commissioun, the Ministry of Science and Technology ( MSOT ) and the Ministry

3、 of Foreign Affairs ( MFA ) 2004年6月30日生效Effective from June 30, 2004.目前僅是暫行規(guī)定，將根據(jù)實(shí)施的實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行修改Interim Measures 2022/7/223第3頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)?？倓t: General Rules 清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行管理暫行辦法Interim Measures for the Management of CDM Project Activities 清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目合作須經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)CDM project activities must be approved by relevant aut

4、horities under the State Council 重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域以提高能效、開(kāi)發(fā)利用新能源和可再生能源及回收利用甲烷和煤層氣為主 Priorities are energy efficiency improvement, development and utilization of new and renewable energy, as well as recovery and utilization of methane and coal bed methane 清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施應(yīng)保證透明、高效和可追究的責(zé)任 Implementation of CDM project ac

5、tivities shall ensure transparent, efficient and traceable responsibilities 2022/7/224第4頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。許可條件:Admission Requirements符合中國(guó)的法律法規(guī)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、政策，以及國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的總體要求CDM project activities shall conform to Chinas laws and regulations, sustainability development strategy and policy, as well as the general

6、 requirements of national economic and social development 不能使中國(guó)承擔(dān)公約和議定書(shū)規(guī)定之外的任何新的義務(wù)No new obligation shall be resulted for China other than those under the Convention and the Protocol 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家締約方用于項(xiàng)目的資金，應(yīng)額外于現(xiàn)有的官方發(fā)展援助資金和其在公約下承擔(dān)的資金義務(wù) Funds from developed country Parties shall be additional to the current O

7、DA and their fund obligations under the Convention2022/7/225第5頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。許可條件:Admission Requirements (contd.)項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)應(yīng)促進(jìn)有益于環(huán)境的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓Project activity should promote the transfer of environmentally sound technology中國(guó)境內(nèi)的中資、中資控股企業(yè)可以對(duì)外開(kāi)展CDM項(xiàng)目Project developer shall be wholly China-owned or China-controlled enterpr

8、ises ; 實(shí)施企業(yè)必須提交項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)文件、企業(yè)資質(zhì)狀況證明文件及工程項(xiàng)目概況和籌資情況相關(guān)說(shuō)明 CDM project developer shall submit to the Designated National CDM Authority CDM PDD, certificate of enterprise status, as well as general information of the construction project and descriptions of project financing2022/7/226第6頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。管理和實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)CDM Author

9、ities and Project Developers 國(guó)家氣候變化對(duì)策協(xié)調(diào)小組下設(shè)立國(guó)家清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目審核理事會(huì),其下設(shè)一個(gè)國(guó)家清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目管理機(jī)構(gòu) National CDM Project Board (the Board) is established under National Coordination Committee on Climate Change (the Committee), and a national CDM project management authority will be established under the Board協(xié)調(diào)小組為清潔發(fā)展機(jī)

10、制重大政策的審議和協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)The Committee is responsible for the review and coordination of important CDM policies: 審議清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)國(guó)家政策、規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Review national CDM policies, rules and standards批準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目審核理事會(huì)成員Approve members of the Board 審議其他需要由協(xié)調(diào)小組決定的事項(xiàng) 2022/7/227第7頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。管理和實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu) CDM Authorities and Project Developers (con

11、td.)審核理事會(huì)聯(lián)合組長(zhǎng)單位為國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)、科學(xué)技術(shù)部，副組長(zhǎng)單位為外交部，成員單位為國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局、中國(guó)氣象局、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)部NDRC and Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) serve as co-chairs of, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) serves as vice chair of the Board, which also include State Environmental Protection Administration, China Meteorolog

12、ical Administration, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture2022/7/228第8頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。管理和實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu) CDM Authorities and Project Developers (contd.)審核理事會(huì)的主要職責(zé)包括:The Board will:審核CDM項(xiàng)目:Review CDM project activities參與資格：participants eligibility項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)文件：Participation requirements PDD減排量交易價(jià)格：CERs price資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)篺

13、inancial and technology transferring 項(xiàng)目預(yù)期的促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的效果Issues related to funds and technology transfer Sustainable development effects of the project向協(xié)調(diào)小組報(bào)告CDM項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行情況和實(shí)施過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題及建議Report to the Committee implementation of CDM project activities, possible problems and make recommendations 提出修訂國(guó)家CDM項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的運(yùn)行規(guī)

14、則和程序的建議Make recommendations on the revision of national CDM rules2022/7/229第9頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。管理和實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu) CDM Authorities and Project Developers (contd.) 國(guó)家發(fā)改革委是中國(guó)政府開(kāi)展CDM項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的主管機(jī)構(gòu)NDRC is Chinas Designated National CDM Authority受理清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目的申請(qǐng)：Receive project application;依據(jù)項(xiàng)目審核理事會(huì)的審核結(jié)果，會(huì)同科技部和外交部批準(zhǔn)CDM項(xiàng)目Approve CDM pr

15、oject activities jointly with MOST and MOFA, according to the review result of the Board; 代表中國(guó)政府出具清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)文件Present written approval on behalf of the Chinese Government; 對(duì)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目實(shí)施監(jiān)督管理Supervise the implementation of project activities; 與有關(guān)部門(mén)協(xié)商成立清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目管理機(jī)構(gòu)Establish CDM project management authori

16、ty, in consultation with other agencies; 處理其它涉外相關(guān)事務(wù)Deal with other foreign issues. 2022/7/2210第10頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。實(shí)施程序Project Development and Implementation Procedures項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)及審批程序：Application and approval procedures:項(xiàng)目實(shí)施單位以及國(guó)外合作方向國(guó)家發(fā)改委提出申請(qǐng)，并提交相關(guān)文件Project developer and foreign partner submit to NDRC project appli

17、cation and relevant documents 國(guó)家改委組織對(duì)申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行評(píng)審，時(shí)間不超過(guò)三十日NDRC organize experts to review the project activity, to be completed within 30 days; 國(guó)家發(fā)改委將專(zhuān)家審評(píng)合格的項(xiàng)目提交項(xiàng)目審核理事會(huì)NDRC submit to the Board application of project which has passed expert review; 對(duì)項(xiàng)目審核理事會(huì)審核通過(guò)的項(xiàng)目，由國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)會(huì)同科技部和外交部辦理批準(zhǔn)手續(xù)NDRC approves,

18、 jointly with MOST and MOFA, project activity that has passed the Boards review; 2022/7/2211第11頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。實(shí)施程序Project Development and Implementation Procedures (contd.)項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)及審批程序：Application and approval procedures:從項(xiàng)目受理之日起，國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)、在二十日之內(nèi)（不含專(zhuān)家評(píng)審的時(shí)間）作出是否予以批準(zhǔn)的決定NDRC will make a decision on whether or no

19、t to approve the project activity within 20 days (expert review time not included) as of the date of receiving the application 實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)邀請(qǐng)經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)體對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行獨(dú)立評(píng)估，并將評(píng)估合格的項(xiàng)目報(bào)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制執(zhí)行理事會(huì)登記注冊(cè)Project developer invites DOE to validate the project activity and applies for registration; 實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)在接到清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制執(zhí)行理事會(huì)批準(zhǔn)通知后，應(yīng)在十日內(nèi)向國(guó)家發(fā)展和

20、改革委員會(huì)報(bào)告執(zhí)行理事會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)狀況Project developer shall report to NDRC the decision of the Executive Board within 10 days as of the date of receiving the notice of EB2022/7/2212第12頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。實(shí)施程序Project Development and Implementation Procedures (contd.)具體工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的審批程序和審批權(quán)限，按國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定辦理Rules and procedures for the approval

21、of the CDM project activity as a construction project shall conform to the current prescriptions; 項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施和監(jiān)督程序：Implementation and monitoring of the project activity實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)按照有關(guān)規(guī)定向國(guó)家發(fā)改委提交項(xiàng)目實(shí)施和監(jiān)測(cè)報(bào)告Project developer shall submit to NDRC implementation and monitoring reports為保證項(xiàng)目實(shí)施質(zhì)量，國(guó)家發(fā)改委對(duì)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施進(jìn)行管理和監(jiān)督NDRC su

22、pervises the implementation of the project activity國(guó)家發(fā)改委或受其委托機(jī)構(gòu)將執(zhí)行理事會(huì)簽發(fā)的減排量登記NDRC will make a record of the CERs issued by the Executive Board 2022/7/2213第13頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。其它:Others項(xiàng)目因轉(zhuǎn)讓減排量所獲得的收益歸中國(guó)政府和實(shí)施項(xiàng)目的企業(yè)所有。分配比例由中國(guó)政府確定。確定前歸該企業(yè)所有Benefits from the transfer of CERs will be owned jointly by the Chinese Gove

23、rnment and project developer, with allocation ratio to be determined by the Chinese Government. Before the determination, the benefits will be owned by project developer. 本辦法由國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)商科學(xué)技術(shù)部、外交部解釋These rule will be interpreted by NDRC, in consultation with MOST and MOFA 2022/7/2214第14頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。地方參與各方的

24、基本要求The local stakeholder process requirement主要是常規(guī)項(xiàng)目的審批問(wèn)題，包括土地利用審查、環(huán)境和社會(huì)影響評(píng)價(jià)等必要的項(xiàng)目審查和批準(zhǔn)程序Mainly for the normal project approval processing requirements, such as land use, environment & social assessment and other necessary approval procedures2022/7/2215第15頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。其他應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題Other issues of the particip

25、ants of CDM project特別要求參與CDM項(xiàng)目的企業(yè)必須是中資控股(不少于51%)Ownership issue, Chinese enterprises should take the majority (51%)保留必需的原始記錄和相關(guān)證據(jù)Keep the original record for monitoring2022/7/2216第16頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。政府對(duì)不同類(lèi)型項(xiàng)目的收費(fèi)比例Government Levy on Different Types of Projects2005年8月26日氣候變化協(xié)調(diào)小組會(huì)議商定結(jié)果Decision by the NCCCC on Au

26、g. 26 2005 about the rates of government levy on CDM projects of different areas：2 優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域 、小型項(xiàng)目、造林、再造林項(xiàng)目；priority areas, small scale projects, and afforestation and reforestation projects30% N2O65% HFCs, PFCs, SF6在政府明確收費(fèi)比例之前批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目，在其計(jì)入期中，免于繳納這些收費(fèi)。Projects approved before the levy rates are specified wi

27、ll be exempted from paying the levy.2022/7/2217第17頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。港、澳、臺(tái)企業(yè)的參與資格Eligibility of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwanese enterprises港澳臺(tái)企業(yè)在中國(guó)大陸開(kāi)展CDM項(xiàng)目，視為中資企業(yè)Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan enterprises, if they implement CDM project activities on Chinas mainland, will be regarded as Chinese enterprises during

28、 DNA review and approval；香港、澳門(mén)當(dāng)?shù)亓⒎C(jī)構(gòu)決定是否將聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約及該公約的京都議定書(shū)引申適用于當(dāng) Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR legislation agencies shall determine whether the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol ratified by China is applicable in Hong Kong and Macao or not;香港特區(qū)政府宣布：公約從2003年5月5日起適用于香港；而京都議定書(shū)將于其正式生效后在香港適用。The Hong Kong

29、SAR government announced that from May 5, 2003, the UNFCCC shall apply in Hong Kong; after the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, it will also apply in Hong Kong. 2022/7/2218第18頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。出具不反對(duì)意見(jiàn)函的基本要求Basic requirements for no-objection letter issuance“氣候辦” 可以應(yīng)中國(guó)境內(nèi)企業(yè)申請(qǐng)，考慮出具CDM項(xiàng)目不反對(duì)意見(jiàn)函。申請(qǐng)應(yīng)符合以下要求In r

30、esponse to application by enterprises within the territory of China, Office of the National Climate Change Coordination Committee can consider issuing a no-objection letter to a CDM-project proposal: (一)CDM項(xiàng)目不反對(duì)意見(jiàn)函的申請(qǐng)單位必須是該項(xiàng)目的中方實(shí)施企業(yè)The applicants for no-objection letter to a CDM project must be the

31、Chinese proponents of the project.(二)申請(qǐng)不反對(duì)意見(jiàn)函需要提供的材料Materials to be submitted during no-objection letter application:1.要求出具不反對(duì)意見(jiàn)函的申請(qǐng)An application for the issuance of no-objection letter;2.申請(qǐng)單位資質(zhì)證明（企業(yè)法人營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照復(fù)印件）Qualification certificates of the applicant entities；2022/7/2219第19頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。出具不反對(duì)意見(jiàn)函的基本要求(續(xù))

32、Basic requirements for no-objection letter issuance(contd)3.項(xiàng)目的情況介紹，包括Background information about the project, including:（1）申請(qǐng)單位的概況與聯(lián)系方式、國(guó)外合作方的概況General information and liaison information of the applicant entity, general information of the foreign partner;（2）項(xiàng)目地理位置、減排類(lèi)型、工藝流程、投資規(guī)模、籌資情況的說(shuō)明Geographic

33、 location, emission reduction type, technical process, total investment, and fund-raising information on the project；（3）項(xiàng)目采用的方法學(xué)，以及由此預(yù)計(jì)的減排量Methodology applied by the project, and the estimated emission reduction；（4）到申請(qǐng)時(shí)為止項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)展情況Progress of the project till the application submission.2022/7/2220第20頁(yè)，

34、共36頁(yè)。如何對(duì)待國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策與法規(guī)EB 16次會(huì)議報(bào)告附件Treatment of national and/or sectoral policies and regulations - EB 16 Report Annex 3The Executive Board agreed to differentiate ways to address the following four (4) types, i.e. E+, E-, L+, L-, of national and/or sectoral policies1 in determining a baseline scenari

35、o:Type E+: Existing national and/or sectoral policies or regulations that create policy driven market distortions which give comparative advantages to more emissions-intensive technologies or fuels over less emissions-intensive technologies or fuels.E+型：現(xiàn)有國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策或法規(guī)，導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)扭曲，有利于排放高的技術(shù)或燃料，不利于排放低的技術(shù)或燃

36、料。Only “Type E+” national and/or sectoral policies or regulations that have been implemented before adoption of the Kyoto Protocol by the COP (decision 1/CP.3, 11 December 1997) shall be taken into account when developing a baseline scenario. If “Type E+” national and/or sectoral policies were imple

37、mented since the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, the baseline scenario should refer to a hypothetical situation without the national and/or sectoral policies or regulations being in place.只有在COP通過(guò)京都議定書(shū)之前（1997年12月11日）之前的“E+”型國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策，才需要在設(shè)定基準(zhǔn)線時(shí)予以考慮。如果是在1997年12月11日之后實(shí)施的國(guó)家和 /或部門(mén)政策，基準(zhǔn)線應(yīng)為假設(shè)不存在該國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策

38、或法規(guī)。2022/7/2221第21頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。如何對(duì)待國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策與法規(guī)EB 16次會(huì)議報(bào)告附件(續(xù)) Treatment of national and/or sectoral policies and regulations - EB 16 Report Annex 3Type E-: National and/or sectoral policies or regulations that give positive comparative advantages to less emissions-intensive technologies over more emissio

39、ns-intensive technologies (e.g. public subsidies to promote the diffusion of renewable energy or to finance energy efficiency programs). “E-”型是相對(duì)于排放高的技術(shù)，更有利于排放低的技術(shù)的國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策或法規(guī)（如促進(jìn)可再生能源發(fā)展的政府補(bǔ)貼或?qū)?jié)能項(xiàng)目的資金支持） “Type E-” national and/or sectoral policies or regulations that have been implemented since the

40、 adoption by the COP of the CDM M&P (decision 17/CP.7, 11 November 2001) may not be taken into account in developing a baseline scenario (i.e. the baseline scenario should refer to a hypothetical situation without the national and/or sectoral policies or regulations being in place). 2001年11月11日之前已經(jīng)實(shí)

41、施的“E-”型國(guó)家或部門(mén)政策，在設(shè)定基準(zhǔn)線視，可以不加考慮（即：基準(zhǔn)線情景應(yīng)該假定該政策或法規(guī)不存在的情形）。2022/7/2222第22頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。(c) Type L-: Sectoral mandatory regulations adopted by a local or national public authority motivated by the reduction of negative local environmental externalities and/or energy conservation and which would incidentally als

42、o reduce GHG emissions.L-型：地方或國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)為了改善當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境、治理環(huán)境和/或節(jié)能而頒布的、附帶也能減少溫室氣體排放的部門(mén)強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定。(d) Type L+: Sectoral mandatory regulations adopted by a local or national public authority motivated by the reduction of negative local environmental externalities and which incidentally prevent the adoption/diffusion of

43、less GHG emitting technology. L-型：地方或國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)為了改善當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境、治理環(huán)境和/或節(jié)能而頒布的、附帶也能妨礙溫室氣體排放較低的技術(shù)的采用/推廣的部門(mén)強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定。(Note: The Executive Board noted that the Meth Panel is to continue to consider possible additional recommendations regarding national and/or sectoral policies or regulations of types L- and L+.)（注：EB指示方法

44、學(xué)小組繼續(xù)研究如何對(duì)待類(lèi)型L-和L+型國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策或規(guī)定，并提出建議）如何對(duì)待國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策與法規(guī)EB 16次會(huì)議報(bào)告附件(續(xù))Treatment of national and/or sectoral policies and regulations - EB 16 Report Annex 32022/7/2223第23頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。管理和實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu) CDM Authorities and Project Developers (contd.)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)的義務(wù)：Project developer shall:負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目的工程建設(shè)，并定期向國(guó)家發(fā)改委報(bào)告Be responsible

45、for construction of the project and report periodically to NDRC on the progress; 在國(guó)家發(fā)改委的監(jiān)督下實(shí)施項(xiàng)目Implement the project activity with supervision of the NDRC; 將與項(xiàng)目合格性有關(guān)的資料和項(xiàng)目監(jiān)測(cè)記錄報(bào)國(guó)家發(fā)改委備案Submit material related to the validation and verification to NDRC for record purpose; 在信息交換過(guò)程中，依法保護(hù)國(guó)家秘密和正當(dāng)商業(yè)秘密Protec

46、t state and business secrets during information exchange; 向國(guó)家發(fā)改委報(bào)告項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的CERs Report to NDRC on CERs issuance; 協(xié)助國(guó)家發(fā)改委和項(xiàng)目審核理事會(huì)就有關(guān)問(wèn)題開(kāi)展調(diào)查，并接受質(zhì)詢(xún)Assist NDRC and the Board in investigating relevant issues 2022/7/2224第24頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。CDM 項(xiàng)目要求：project criteria CDM項(xiàng)目應(yīng)與非附件I國(guó)家可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略保持一致。Project in line with non-Annex

47、 I Partys strategies on achieving sustainable development (KP Art. 12.2)可持續(xù)發(fā)展：能滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)代的需要，同時(shí)不損及未來(lái)世代滿(mǎn)足其需要之發(fā)展（共同的未來(lái)1987：世界環(huán)境與發(fā)展委員會(huì)）Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs）（source: our common future 1987, World Commissi

48、on on Environment and Development）。社會(huì)： social dimension 經(jīng)濟(jì)： economic dimension環(huán)境：environmental dimension 2022/7/2225第25頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。三大基本國(guó)策Three national basic policies計(jì)劃生育和人口控制Population control環(huán)境保護(hù)Environmental protection資源綜合利用和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)Resources high efficient utilization2022/7/2226第26頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)?？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：sustaina

49、ble development criteria 社會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：提高生活質(zhì)量，消除貧困，改進(jìn)公平Social Criteria: Improve quality of life, Alleviate poverty, Improve equity 經(jīng)濟(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：提高地方投資回報(bào)率，增進(jìn)收支平衡，新技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移Economic Criteria: Provide financial returns to local entities, Result in a positive impact on balance of payments, Transfer new technology環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：溫室氣體減排，

50、保護(hù)自然資源，減輕地區(qū)環(huán)境壓力Environmental Criteria: Reduce GHG emissions, Conserve local resources, Reduce pressure on local environments2022/7/2227第27頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。中國(guó)21世紀(jì)初可持續(xù)發(fā)展行動(dòng)綱要Program of Action for Sustainable Development in China in the Early 21st Century 我國(guó)21世紀(jì)初可持續(xù)發(fā)展的總體目標(biāo)是：可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力不斷增強(qiáng)，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得顯著成效，人口總量得到有效控制，生態(tài)環(huán)

51、境明顯改善，資源利用率顯著提高，促進(jìn)人與自然的和諧，推動(dòng)整個(gè)社會(huì)走上生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。The objectives of 21st century sustainable development Growing capacities for sustainable development Marked progress in economic restructuring Population aggregate brought under effective control Significant improvement in the ecological envir

52、onment Markedly increased efficiency in utilization of resources Sustainable path of development characterized by rising productivity, prosperous livelihood and a well-preserved environment. 2022/7/2228第28頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域：Priority Areas 一、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展Economic development 二、社會(huì)發(fā)展Social development 三、資源優(yōu)化配置、合理利用與保護(hù)

53、Resource Allocation, Utilization and Protection 四、生態(tài)保護(hù)和建設(shè)Ecological Conservation and Development 五、環(huán)境保護(hù)和污染防治Environmental Protection and Pollution Control 六、能力建設(shè)Capacity Building 2022/7/2229第29頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。能源可持續(xù)戰(zhàn)略 Strategies of sustainable energy調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、加快技術(shù)進(jìn)步、提高能源利用效率Adjust economic structure, accelerate

54、technical development and increase energy efficiency大力發(fā)展清潔利用煤炭和熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)集中供熱技術(shù)，Greatly develop clean coal and thermal-power central heating technology;強(qiáng)化能源節(jié)約 strengthen energy conservation;提高能源利用效率 Improve efficiency of energy utilization,調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)：Improve the energy structure合理開(kāi)發(fā)國(guó)內(nèi)資源,特別是天然氣、煤層氣、水電等優(yōu)質(zhì)資源Expl

55、oit resources reasonable, especially those high quality energy resources, such as nature gas, layer coal gas and large scale hydro power加快開(kāi)發(fā)利用可再生能源： Apply RE immediately實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略，積極利用國(guó)際資源，主要是油氣資源Implement active strategy therefore to use international resources, main of which is petrol gas.2022/7/2230第30頁(yè)，共36頁(yè)。固體廢物污染防治：Solid waste control逐步實(shí)行垃圾分類(lèi)收集，實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾的無(wú)害化、減量化、資源化，提高垃圾無(wú)害化處理率和綜合利用率 Gradually introduce garbage sorting, collection and recycling a