1、第1頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Argumentation IIILecture Eleven對(duì)比選擇型議論文寫作訓(xùn)練第2頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Learning Objective Evaluate two points of view and say which one you agree with. Practice writing an introduction, body paragraph and a conclusion. Topic: mobile phone第3頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。要求從正反兩方面對(duì)某一事物加以論述。這類議論文有其固定的模式，如就某一事物或現(xiàn)象給出兩種完全對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，然后再擺出自己的看法；

2、或是先說明某一事物的重要性，積極因素，然后再說明該事物的危害性、消極因素等。對(duì)比選擇型(正反兩點(diǎn)論式)議論文第4頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Argumentation Topic: Some people say that mobile phones represent a danger to users because of the possible health issues, such as cancer or brain damage, associated with them. Others say that mobile phones are a great benefit to mankind

3、.Evaluate these two viewpoints and give your own opinion.第5頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Group DiscussionWhat are some of the possible health risks from using mobile phone?What are some of the benefits of using mobile phones? Make a list of these with your partner.第6頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Model 1Read Model 1 and check if the writer menti

4、oned the same benefits that thought of. What is the writers overall opinion about mobile phone use?第7頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Paragraph 1 Mobile phones are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and the number of people using them has grown hugely, especially in developing countries. There is some debate about the s

5、afety of mobile phones, but in my opinion, the benefits from these phones are far greater than any possible health risks.第8頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 There is some concern that mobile phones may cause brain damage or cancer because of the radiation they emit while they are being used. Some people are also worried that

6、 cell phone owners may be bad for health. However, researchers have conducted experiments over many years to find out if this is true, and so far they have found no evidence for this.Paragraph 2第9頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 On the other hand, mobile phones have many benefits. They help individuals to communicate quickl

7、y and easily, and they can be used both for social reasons and in emergencies. For example, people can use them to contact their friends. They are also useful if someone has an accident while driving. In addition, isolated communities which do not have land lines can use mobile phones to contact the

8、 outside world, and this is much cheaper than installing landline phones.Paragraph 3第10頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 In conclusion, although some people are worried about the health risks of cell phones, there is little or no evidence for this. However, there is a lot of evidence for the benefits of cell phones, so in my

9、 opinion we should not worry about the dangers of cell phone use.Paragraph 4第11頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Fill in the gaps with words from the word listPractice I第12頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。A. debate B. risk C. radiation D. emit E. research F. tower G. evidence H. isolated I. landline J. install K. chat L. destination M. directions N. c

10、oncentrate O. conduct P. emergency1. Cell phones and cell phone emit , and there is a about whether this is dangerous for human health. Scientists are about the health of mobile phones. However, so far they have found no that the radiation that cell phones poses a health risk for humans.第13頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。A.

11、 debate B. risk C. radiation D. emit E. research F. tower G. evidence H. isolated I. landline J. install K. chat L. destination M. directions N. concentrate O. conduct P. emergency1. Cell phones and cell phone towers emit radiation, and there is a debate about whether this is dangerous for human hea

12、lth. Scientists are conducting research about the health risks of mobile phones. However, so far they have found no evidence that the radiation that cell phones emit poses a health risk for humans.第14頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。A. debate B. risk C. radiation D. emit E. research F. tower G. evidence H. isolated I. landli

13、ne J. install K. chat L. destination M. directions N. concentrate O. conduct P. emergency2. Cell phones have many benefits for people in communities, because phones is very expensive, and cell phones allow communication without the need for landline phones.第15頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。A. debate B. risk C. radiation D.

14、 emit E. research F. tower G. evidence H. isolated I. landline J. install K. chat L. destination M. directions N. concentrate O. conduct P. emergency2. Cell phones have many benefits for people in isolated communities, because installing landline phones is very expensive, and cell phones allow commu

15、nication without the need for landline phones.第16頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。A. debate B. risk C. radiation D. emit E. research F. tower G. evidence H. isolated I. landline J. install K. chat L. destination M. directions N. concentrate O. conduct P. emergency3. Cell phones should not be used while driving, because drive

16、rs can lose if they are and this can be dangerous. However, they are very useful in and also to help people to get for their if they are lost.第17頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。A. debate B. risk C. radiation D. emit E. research F. tower G. evidence H. isolated I. landline J. install K. chat L. destination M. directions N. c

17、oncentrate O. conduct P. emergency3. Cell phones should not be used while driving, because drivers can lose concentration if they are chatting and this can be dangerous. However, they are very useful in emergencies and also to help people to get directions for their destination if they are lost.第18頁(yè)

18、，共39頁(yè)。Practice IIPut the verbs in bracket into the correct tense. Add while to the sentence. Omit the subject and be verb from the continuous action. (Some verbs are passive.)Example(drive) to workmany people (waste) time in traffic congestionWhile driving to work, many people waste time in traffic

19、congestion.第19頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。1. many people (have) accidents(drive) to work.2. chatting on a cell phone (drive)(be) dangerous3. it (be) sensible to take precautions (use) a cell phone4. people (expose) to radiation(use) a cell phone5. talking (drive)(lead to) loss of concentration6. cell phone (emit) radiat

20、ionthey (use)7. You should (avoid) drinking alcohol(drive)第20頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。1. many people (have) accidents(drive) to work.Many people have accidents while driving to work.2. chatting on a cell phone (drive)(be) dangerousChatting on a cell phone while driving is dangerous3. it (be) sensible to take precauti

21、ons (use) a cell phoneIt is sensible to take precautions while using a cell phone第21頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。4. people (expose) to radiation(use) a cell phonePeople are exposed to radiation while using a cell phone.5. talking (drive)(lead to) loss of concentrationTalking while driving can lead to/leads to loss of con

22、centration.6. cell phone (emit) radiationthey (use)Cell phone emits radiation while being used.7. You should (avoid) drinking alcohol(drive)You should avoid drinking alcohol while driving.第22頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。例題一：My View On Job-hopping有些人喜歡始終從事一種工作，因?yàn)橛行┤讼矚g經(jīng)常更換工作，因?yàn)槲业目捶▽?duì)比選擇型(正反兩點(diǎn)論式)作文賞析 1第23頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Paragraph 1:

23、introductionMy View on Job-hopping Everyones attitude toward job-hopping is different. Some people think they will do one job until retirement. They often say something like this: Take up one thing, like it and be good at it. These people think that only when they are absorbed in one job can they do

24、 it well.第一段：本段第二句為主題句，第三、四句通過引用某類人的觀點(diǎn)，以說明主題句，并與漢語(yǔ)提示中的“因?yàn)椤毕嗪魬?yīng)。第24頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 By contrast, other people like to change jobs from time to time. In their opinion, the aim of doing a job is only to get more money. So when they have a chance to get a better-paid job certainly they ought to seize the chance.第

25、二段：段首句為主題句，中心思想是“l(fā)ike to change jobs from time to time”；第二、三句為發(fā)展句。在對(duì)第一、二段進(jìn)行銜接時(shí)，文章使用了信號(hào)詞“By contrast”。Paragraph 2: body第25頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Paragraph 3: conclusion My view on job-hopping falls between the two viewpoints expressed above. I think if I have a job that really suits me, Ill do it all my life. No oth

26、er job can attract me no matter what the benefits may be. But if I dont get a suitable job, Ill change it until I find something satisfactory. In a word, I want to find a job that suits me; money and other things are not under consideration. 第三段：談?wù)摗拔业目捶ā睍r(shí)，作者并沒有單純傾向于哪一種觀點(diǎn)。段首句中作者首先解釋：我的觀點(diǎn)介于兩者之間；之后，又在發(fā)

27、展句中對(duì)其態(tài)度作了進(jìn)一步說明。第26頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。分析：第一段：本段第二句為主題句，第三、四句通過引用某類人的觀點(diǎn)，以說明主題句，并與漢語(yǔ)提示中的“因?yàn)椤毕嗪魬?yīng)。第二段：段首句為主題句，中心思想是“l(fā)ike to change jobs from time to time”；第二、三句為發(fā)展句。在對(duì)第一、二段進(jìn)行銜接時(shí)，文章使用了信號(hào)詞“By contrast”。第三段：談?wù)摗拔业目捶ā睍r(shí)，作者并沒有單純傾向于哪一種觀點(diǎn)。段首句中作者首先解釋：我的觀點(diǎn)介于兩者之間；之后，又在發(fā)展句中對(duì)其態(tài)度作了進(jìn)一步說明。第27頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。例題二：Is It Good for Colleges Studen

28、ts to Have Part-time Jobs?大學(xué)生打工的好處大學(xué)生打工的害處 你的觀點(diǎn)第28頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Is It Good for College Students to Have Part-time Jobs? When it comes to having pair-time jobs for college students, some people think it is beneficial to the students. They believe that after-school work, on the one hand, may help cultivate i

29、ndependence among young people and make them mature; on the other hand, students who have part-time jobs can relieve, to some extent, the economic burdens of their parents.Paragraph 1: introduction第29頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 But others argue that after-school work has brought a lot of problems. For example, part-tim

30、e jobs often distract students attention from their studies, so some. Students have shown a decline in their studies, and some even play truant.Paragraph 2: body part第30頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 There is probably some truth in both arguments. But as for me, I think the main task of students is to study and learn what

31、 is needed for the development of our society. Though students who have part-time jobs may relieve their parents economic burdens, their early contact with society adds greatly to the worries of their parents.Paragraph 3: conclusion第31頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。分析：第一段：本段第一句為主題句，中心思想是“is beneficial to the students”，這與漢語(yǔ)

32、提示中的“好處”相吻合。第二、三句為發(fā)展句，作者通過“打工培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立精神”和“打工減輕家庭負(fù)擔(dān)”兩個(gè)事實(shí)有效地說明了段落中心思想。第二段：段首句為主題句，中心思想是“a lot of problems”，這與漢語(yǔ)提示中的“害處”相呼應(yīng)。其后，作者通過銜接詞For example引出了打工給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的一系列不利影響：打工容易分散學(xué)生精力，學(xué)生因此成績(jī)下降，甚至逃課等。第三段：在說明“你的觀點(diǎn)”時(shí)，作者首先使用了表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)時(shí)常用的句型“There is probably some truth in both arguments. But as for me, I think”，接著闡明觀點(diǎn)，并給

33、出理由。 第32頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。例題三： Private Cars：Good Or Evil 1. 有人認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)積極推廣私人汽車 2. 有人認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)推廣私人汽車 3. 你的看法第33頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。Private Cars: Good or Evil There is a general discussion nowadays about the good or evil effects private cars may bring us. To this problem, different people hold different views. 開頭段：段落第一句為概述，第二句為論點(diǎn)，

34、論點(diǎn)的主題：“different views”。Paragraph 1: introduction第34頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 Those who favor private cars maintain that private cars are highly desirable for obvious reasons. In the big cities of China, buses are often crowded and slow, especially during rush hours. If there are more private cars, people can get aro

35、und easily. Besides, by driving cars, they might be well protected from the bad weather, and cover long distances rapidly and pleasantly.主體段：第一主體段落中，主題句為第一句。中心思想是“obvious reasons”；發(fā)展句中，作者運(yùn)用了公共汽車擁擠和小汽車的種種便利這兩個(gè)事實(shí)，對(duì)中心思想進(jìn)行說明。Paragraph 2: body part第35頁(yè)，共39頁(yè)。 However, there are three chief reasons for tho

36、se people who are against cars. First, cars are the main cause of traffic accident. Thousands upon thousands of people have been killed or injured by car accidents all over the world. Second, car owners have to pay vast sums for road tax and other fees every year. This is a big drain on their resources. Finally, private car owners in China may have all kinds of trouble, such as getting a driving license and finding a parkin