1、Chapter VI WarehousingOutline-1Part I Warehousing Operation Overview of warehousing activity Company-operated warehousing layout Company-operated warehousing activity:ReceivingPut-away Checking StorageReplenishmentOrder selectionObjectives of warehousing activitiesPacking and marking Staging and con

2、solidationShippingClerical/Office administrationOutline-2Part II Types Of Warehousing Overview of warehousing Comparison of private and public warehousing Types of public warehousinggeneral merchandise warehousesrefrigerated or cold storage warehousesbonded warehousespecial commodity warehousesbulk

3、storage warehouses Contract warehouseOutline-3Part III Supplementary ReadingCross-DockingPART I WAREHOUSING OPERATIONOverview of Warehousing OperationWarehousing activity is an important link between the producer and the customer. The following activities are performed to some degree in all warehous

4、ing operations. However, one or more of them may not exist in a given warehouse or are combined with other activities.Lift truck is one of the most frequently used facilities in warehousingTypical Layout of Warehousing To illustrate the activities in a general warehouse, we will first learn its basi

5、c layout. Figure 5-1 shows the basic layout and functions of such a warehouse. Generally, a warehouse may include receiving area, bulk storage area, order pick and storage area, packaging area, staging area, shipping dock and office.The Main Activities in a Warehouse Merchandise and materials arrive

6、 at warehouses in large quantity shipments. The first activity is receiving. Receiving is usually the unloading of high volume of similar product. It involves physically accepting materials, unloading it from the transportation facilities, verifying quantity and condition of the material, and docume

7、nting this information as required. Lift trucks can be used for receiving.Put-away means removing the goods from the receiving area, transfer them to a storage area, moving them to a specific location and recording this movement. This movement is mostly handled by a lift truck.Replenishment occurs w

8、hen material is relocated from storage to a temporary resupply area from which orders are directly filled. Order Selection is one of the major activities within warehouses. It involves picking the required quantity of specific products for movement to a packing area. For each order, the combination

9、of products must be selected and packaged to meet specific customer order requirements. The typical selection process is coordinated by a warehouse management system.Checking means verifying and documenting order selection in terms of product number and quantity.Packing & marking refers to placing o

10、ne or more items of an order into an appropriate container and labeling that container with customer shipping destination data as well as other handling information that may be required. Staging & consolidation means physically moving material from the packing zone to a shipping area based on a pres

11、cribed instructions related to a particular outbound vehicle or delivery route.Shipping involves loading a transportation vehicle with material from the staging area. Firms may use conveyors or lift trucks to move products. Shipment content checking is typically required when product changes ownersh

12、ip. Clerical/Office administration refers to all of the tasks related with keeping track of items as they move into, through, and out of the warehouse.The objective of warehouse operation is to efficiently receive inventory, possibly store it until required by the market, assemble it into complete o

13、rders, and initiate movement to customer. New Words and Expressionswarehousing 5wZEhauziNn.layout 5lei7autn order pickpackage 5pAkidVnstaging steidViN v.shipping dock入庫;倉儲布局;設(shè)計訂單分揀包裝;包裝材料分批運輸出貨站臺unload 5Qn5lEud v.verify 5verifai v.lift truckidentifyai5dentifai v.consolidatekEn5sClideit v.administrat

14、ionEdminis5treiFEn. 卸下查驗，驗證叉車確定，識別整合，合并，鞏固管理 Part II Types of WarehousingOverview of warehousingWarehousing is an integral part of a logistics system. There are estimated 750,000 warehouse facilities worldwide, including professionally managed warehouses, and company stockrooms, garages and even gar

15、den sheds. When a firm decides to store product, it faces two warehousing options: rented facilities, called public warehousing, or owned or leased facilities, called private warehousing. Firms must examine closely to choose between the two options. For example, the price of a public warehouse is mo

16、st probably higher because it will be operated at a profit; it may also have selling and advertising cost. However, a firm makes no initial investment in the facilities. For customer service, private warehousing can generally provide higher service levels because of its more specialized facilities a

17、nd equipment, and its better familiarity with the firms products, customers and market. In some instances, innovative public warehouses can provide higher levels of service owning to their expertise and strong competitive drive to serve the customer. In the following, we will discuss about public wa

18、rehousing. Public warehousesThere are many types of public warehouses, including: general merchandise warehouses for manufactured goods, refrigerated storage warehouses, bonded warehouse, special commodity warehouses, and bulk storage warehouses. Merchandise Warehouse. The general merchandise wareho

19、use is probably the most common form. It is designed to be used by manufacturers, distributors, and customers for storing almost any kind of product.Refrigerated Warehouses. Refrigerated or cold storage warehouses provide a temperature-controlled storage environment. They tend to be used for preserv

20、ing perishable items such as fruits and vegetables. However, a number of other items (e.g., frozen food products, some pharmaceuticals, photographic paper and film, and furs) require this type of facility.Special Commodity Warehouses. Special commodity warehouses are used for particular agricultural

21、 products, such as grains, wool, and cotton. Ordinarily each of these warehouses handles one kind of product and offers special services specific to that product.Bonded Warehouses. Some general merchandise or special commodity warehouses are known as bonded warehouses. Goods such as imported tobacco

22、 and alcoholic beverages are stored in this type of warehouse, although the government retains control of the goods until they are distributed to the market place. The advantage of the bonded warehouse is that the import duties need not be paid until the merchandise is sold, so that the importer has

23、 the funds on hand to pay these fees.Bulk Storage Warehouses Bulk storage warehouses provide tank storage of liquids and open or sheltered storage of dry products such as coal, sand, and chemicals.New Words and Phrasesintegral 5intirEladj.facility fE5siliti n.stockroom 5stRkrJmfamiliarity fE7mili5Ar

24、iti n.innovative InEJveItIv adj.perishable 5periFEbladj.pharmaceutical 7fB:mE5sju:tikEl n.customer service competitive drive kEm5petitiv 完整的，必須的組成部分設(shè)施，設(shè)備，工具儲藏室熟悉，了解創(chuàng)新的，革新的易腐爛的，易變質(zhì)的藥物客戶服務競爭驅(qū)動力specialized facilities private warehousing public warehousing bulk bQlk adjbulk cargo photographic paper fEut

25、E5rAfiktemperature-controlled shelter 5FeltE n 特殊設(shè)施，專用設(shè)施公司自用倉庫公共倉庫大量的;大批的大宗散裝貨物照相紙溫控的遮蔽處Part III Cross-docking Crossdocks are high speed warehouses. If an arriving item has already been requested by a customer, there is no need to store it as anticipation inventory; instead, the item can move direct

26、ly from receiving to shipping, without intermediate storage and retrieval. Thus the item can move much more quickly through the facility and the most costly part of warehouse labor can be avoided. In a high-volume crossdock the turnover times may be measured in hours. To support this velocity of mov

27、ement, a crossdock may be nothing more than a slab of concrete with a roof and walls punctuated with doors for trailers. Freight is pulled off arriving trailers, sorted and loaded onto departing trailers without intermediate storage. There is little or no storage provided in a crossdock because item

28、s do not stay long enough; but there is generally a lot of material-handling equipment, such as forklifts and pallet jacks, to move freight. Labor is frequently the main cost and it is devoted to unloading incoming trailers, moving the freight to the appropriate outgoing trailers, and loading. Conse

29、quently, the issues within a crossdock are those of material-handling and product flow rather than location and retrieval. Why Cross-docking is becoming popular among retailers?Because of its impact on costs and customer service, cross-docking is becoming popular, especially among retailers. For exa

30、mple, approximately 75 percent of food distribution involves the cross-docking of products from supplier to retail food stores. The biggest impact of a crossdock is on reducing transportation costs. This can be achieved by consolidating multiple shipments so that full truck loads can be sent.The Hom

31、e Depot is a major retailer and the largest user of Less-than-Truck-Load (LTL) shipping in North America. Nowadays, LTL costs about twice the cost of Truck Load (TL) shipping, so there is a strong incentive to fill trailers. The Home Depot has begun doing this by having vendors ship full trailers to

32、 its crossdock. (The trailers are full because they hold product for many stores.) At the crossdock the product is sorted out for individual stores and consolidated with product from other vendors bound for the same store. The result is that each store has enough freight that it or it and a few clos

33、e neighbors generate a full truck load from the crossdock. The result can be considerable savings. Additional benefits include less inventory (because all product flows right through) and less labor (because product does not have to be put away and later retrieved).Criteria for Using Cross-docking C

34、ross-docking should be considered as an option by firms meeting two or more of the following criteria:Inventory destination is known when received.Customer is ready to receive inventory immediately. Shipment to fewer than 200 locations daily.Daily throughput exceeds 2,000 cartons.More than 70 percen

35、t of the inventory is conveyable.Large quantities of individual items received by firm. Inventory arrives at firms docks prelabeled.Some inventory is time sensitive.Firms distribution center is near capacity.Some of the inventory is prepriced.Operation Most crossdocking freight terminals are laid ou

36、t as long, narrow warehouses with doors around the perimeter. Figure 5.2 illustrates a typical terminal, where the small shaded rectangles represent incoming trailers with freight to be unloaded, and small clear rectangles represent (empty) outgoing trailers. Terminals range in size from fewer than

37、10 doors to more than 500 doors. Inside a terminal, a variety of material handling methods is used to transport freight. Forklifts and palletjacks carry heavy or bulky items, and carts transport smaller items. In addition, large terminals may have draglines, which circulate carts around the inside p

38、erimeter of the dock. There are two types of doors in a terminal: receiving, or strip, doors, where full trailers are parked to be unloaded, and shipping, or stack, doors, where empty trailers are put to collect freight for specific destinations. Once established, the designations of these doors do

39、not change, although the trailers parked at them will. A shipping door always receives freight for the same destination.A receiving door may be occupied by any incoming trailer, regardless of its origin or contents. Arriving trucks may deliver their trailers directly to an unoccupied receiving door;

40、 or, if none is available, they may place them in a queue. After the trailer is backed into a receiving door, a worker unloads the freight. After unloading items of a shipment onto a cart, the worker walks to the destination trailer and loads the items into that trailer; or he places the cart on the dragline, if the terminal is so equipped. To handle pallet loads, the worker uses a palletjack, or hails a forklift driver, or finds a forklift and delivers the load himself, if union rules permit.After a trailer has been completely stripped, a driver replaces it with another incomin