1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及真題練習(xí)專(zhuān)題05動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及真題練習(xí)專(zhuān)題05動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及真題練習(xí)專(zhuān)題05動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析高考分析專(zhuān)題05 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只要求高中生掌握常見(jiàn)的10種時(shí)態(tài)用法。以往高考題考查最多的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等。未來(lái)高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷仍然會(huì)以最基本的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）為主；仍會(huì)采用考查時(shí)態(tài)為主，語(yǔ)態(tài)為輔的原則。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)概覽：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是最基本的一種時(shí)態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式（主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單

2、數(shù)時(shí)）。動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的規(guī)則變化是在動(dòng)詞后加sh或-es；be的變化：am，is， are。have的變化：has，have情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加seateats, rise-rises以s，sh,ch,x，o，z結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加esteach-teachesdiscussdiscusses以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為iescarrycarriesfly-flies1表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與頻度副詞及表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.例如:always總是 often經(jīng)常usually通常sometimes有時(shí) hardly ever幾乎不 frequently經(jīng)常on Sunday

3、s在星期天 seldom很少 yearly每年2表示主語(yǔ)目前的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或能力等。He is a man of few words.他是一個(gè)少言寡語(yǔ)的人.3表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理及自然現(xiàn)象,或用在格言中。The sun rises in the east。4表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排、時(shí)間表等馬上要發(fā)生的事情,常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。該用法常用于火車(chē)時(shí)刻表、飛機(jī)航班時(shí)刻表,以及電影開(kāi)演、作息、安排等時(shí)刻表上，且僅限于少數(shù)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞，例如：come來(lái)go去 arrive到達(dá)leave離開(kāi) begin開(kāi)始 start開(kāi)始take off起飛 finish完成 stop停止一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)

4、去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，其規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化方法如下表所示:情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加-edpackpacked以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為iedcarry-carried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加-edplanp lanned以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加dlike-liked1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中包括過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:yesterday昨天in 2019在2019年the other day幾天前 。.。 days/years ago 天/年前once upon a time從前 the day before yeste

5、rday前天last week/month/year上周/上個(gè)月/去年2描述過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。He opened his eyes， put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed。他睜開(kāi)眼睛，迅速穿上衣服，并從床上跳了下來(lái)。特別注意在before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，若表示兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，前一個(gè)動(dòng)作不必用過(guò)去完成時(shí).Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.亨利去華盛頓之前游覽了紐約。3有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒(méi)有

6、具體表明，但實(shí)際上是“剛才，剛剛”發(fā)生，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如I didnt know 。.或I forgot 。.。等表示事先或說(shuō)話之前不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。I didnt know you were here.我不知道你在這里.(三）一般將來(lái)時(shí)1will/shall動(dòng)詞原形(1）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)存在的狀態(tài)，shall一般用于第一人稱(chēng)，will可用于各種人稱(chēng),常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:tomorrow明天in the future將來(lái)later on后來(lái) before long不久以后；很快next week/month/year下周/下個(gè)月/明年the d

7、ay after tomorrow后天（2)will還可表示說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right。 I will call him later。杰克遜醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。好吧，我過(guò)會(huì)給他打電話.2be going to動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃、打算將要做某事；還可表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)”，即根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain?？茨切踉?。要下雨了。3be about to動(dòng)詞原形/be on the point of動(dòng)名詞“be a

8、bout to動(dòng)詞原形”及“be on the point of動(dòng)名詞”表示“立即的將來(lái)（immediate future）”,因此，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示將來(lái)的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但可以和并列連詞when(and at that time）引出的分句連用。The train is about to start.火車(chē)就要開(kāi)了。4be to動(dòng)詞原形用法例句表示“按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做的事”They are to meet at the gate of the school。他們將在學(xué)校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面。表示“按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定、命令等應(yīng)該做某事”，相當(dāng)于should, ought toYou are to r

9、eport it to the police.你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。表示注定要發(fā)生的事情Your plan is to be a failure。 你的計(jì)劃注定要失敗。（四)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其構(gòu)成是“should/would動(dòng)詞原形；was/were (going/about) to動(dòng)詞原形”。He said he would be here at nine oclock。他說(shuō)他會(huì)在九點(diǎn)鐘到這里.(五）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況加ingtrytrying以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加ingregretregretti

10、ngbanbanned不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e加-inghatehatingdate-dating1表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其構(gòu)成是“am/is/are doing”。例如：eq x(aal(now現(xiàn)在right now現(xiàn)在 at present目前，these days目前；如今at this moment此刻）)2一些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：come來(lái)go去leave離開(kāi)arrive到達(dá) start開(kāi)始 begin開(kāi)始return返回 move移動(dòng) ta

11、ke拿走3。 有些動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行體,常見(jiàn)的有：分類(lèi)例詞感覺(jué)類(lèi)look，smell,feel，sound，taste,see,hear情感類(lèi)like,love,prefer,admire，hate,fear，adore心態(tài)類(lèi)wish，hope，want，need,believe,understand，remember,forget，agree，know狀態(tài)類(lèi)Appear,lie(位于)，remain,belong to， have（六)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或過(guò)去某一個(gè)階段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.其構(gòu)成是“was/were doing。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：at this/that

12、time過(guò)去時(shí)間at 。. oclock過(guò)去時(shí)間from 。.。 to 。過(guò)去時(shí)間 those days那些日子just now剛才；剛剛特別注意現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)及過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always， constantly， continually, all the time等狀語(yǔ)連用,表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或強(qiáng)調(diào)贊賞、厭惡、生氣、好奇等感情色彩，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。He is always helping others。他總是樂(lè)于助人。(表贊賞）She is always forgetting something.她總是忘事。(表不滿)2表示動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，常與when, w

13、hile引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用.My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle yesterday。我弟弟昨天騎自行車(chē)時(shí)摔倒了。3一些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多用于從句中。常見(jiàn)的該類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:go去 come來(lái) leave離開(kāi) start開(kāi)始arrive到達(dá) return返回 work工作 move移動(dòng)He said he was starting tomorrow。他說(shuō)他打算明天出發(fā)。（七)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其構(gòu)成是“will be doi

14、ng”。例如：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow明天/后天的這個(gè)時(shí)間（by） then 那時(shí)from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow 明天/后天從1：30到4:30 （八）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生且已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。注意這時(shí)說(shuō)話者說(shuō)話的重心在過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響上。其構(gòu)成是“have/has done,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, just (剛剛), yet, before等。I have already seen the film.我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那

15、部電影了。2表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用的狀語(yǔ)有：lately， recently, in the last/past few days/years(在過(guò)去的幾天/年里），since then， up to now, so far （至今)等。In the past few years， many new railways have been laid down。在過(guò)去的幾年里修建了許多新鐵路。3在“最高級(jí)名詞或“It/This is/will bethe first/second 。.。 time”之后的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This

16、is the first time (that） I have come here。這是我第一次來(lái)這里.4瞬間動(dòng)詞又叫非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞。瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于完成時(shí)態(tài),但不可以接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)；若要接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),需要做一些相應(yīng)的變換。He has come to Beijing since last year。(）He has lived in Beijing since last year。(）部分非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ))和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:買(mǎi)buyhave借borrowkeep結(jié)婚get marriedbe married 認(rèn)識(shí)get to knowknow離開(kāi)lea

17、vebe away 回來(lái)come backbe back生病fall illbe ill 死亡diebe dead關(guān)閉turn offbe off 打開(kāi)turn onbe on動(dòng)身leave forbe off to 變成becomebe返回returnbe back 開(kāi)始beginbe on睡覺(jué)go to bedsleep 穿put onhave on/wear來(lái)/去come/gobe in/away 參加joinbe a member of感冒take/get/catch a coldhave a cold入睡go to sleepbe asleep到達(dá)get to/arrive in (

18、at）/reachbe in/stay（九)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(即表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”)。其構(gòu)成是“had done”。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years。他說(shuō)他在國(guó)外待了三年了.2表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間,還可能持續(xù)下去，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:by/until/before/by the end of“表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間”。By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那時(shí)，他已學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)了。3表示愿望、打算的詞，如：hope，

19、 expect， mean, intend, want, suppose等,其過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看.（但未能如愿）4用于某些固定句型中：（1)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely .。 when .。和No sooner .。 than .。句型中， when和than從句里用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，且用倒裝，表示“剛剛就”.Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我剛到家,大雨就傾盆

20、而下。（2)It was/had been一段時(shí)間since從句。since 從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time。我們有10年沒(méi)這么高興過(guò)了。（3）That/It/This was the first/second .。. timethat從句.that 從句的謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It was the third time （that） he had left the key at home。那是他第三次把鑰匙落在家里了。That was the first time that I had pa

21、ssed the exam.那是我第一次考試及格。(十）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行He has been learning Enlish for 6 years。（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))2。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的組合，因此，它既具備現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特征，又具備現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特征，如：它具備進(jìn)行體的“未完性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩的特點(diǎn)It has been raining for 3 days。（強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者“抱怨”的感情色彩）.單句語(yǔ)法填空1。 （2018全國(guó)卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that be

22、tween 2005 when the government _ (start） a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7。7 million tons。2（2017全國(guó)卷)Later, engineers _ （manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道）, which became known as the Tube。3

23、（2017全國(guó)卷）Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now。 But at the moment, school _ (come) first.4（20176月浙江高考）Pahlsson and her husband _ (search) the kitchen， checking every corner， but turned up nothing。5(2016四川高考)However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest。Then, a

24、fter two and a half years， the mother _ （drive) the young panda away。6(2015全國(guó)卷）This cycle _ (go） day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset （抵消) for the outside temperatures.7(2014全國(guó)卷）In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the

25、Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio。 It _ （be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.8（2018北京高考改編）Susan had quit her well。paid job and _ (work） as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 9（2017天津高考改編）I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wro

26、ng road.10（2014北京高考改編）Hi, lets go skating.Sorry， Im busy right now。I _ （fill) in an application form for a new job.11（2018全國(guó)卷）Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011， the country _ (grow) more corn than rice.12(2018北京高考改編）Chinas highspeed railways _ (grow）from 9,000 to 25

27、,000 kilometers in the past few years。 13（2018江蘇高考改編）Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e。mailing each other， for we _ (develop） more convenient electronic communication tools by then。 。單句改錯(cuò)1(2018全國(guó)卷）During my last winter holiday， I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents

28、. I find a big change there。2(2018全國(guó)卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school。3(2018全國(guó)卷)It was Monday morning， and the writing class had just begin。4(2017全國(guó)卷）Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructors orders， but once I started the car， my mind

29、goes blank。5(2017全國(guó)卷)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 6(2017全國(guó)卷)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club。7(2016全國(guó)卷）Some classmates suggest we should go to places

30、 of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot。8（2016全國(guó)卷）At first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself。 However, my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.9（2015全國(guó)卷）Tony was

31、scared and begun to cry. 10(2015全國(guó)卷)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop。 11(2017全國(guó)卷)I had grown not only physically， but also mentally in the past few years.1. 解析：started根據(jù)破折號(hào)前的內(nèi)容可知，此處說(shuō)的是2005年發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí).2. 解析：managed由語(yǔ)境可知，此處講的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)engineers和manage之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)

32、系，故填managed。3. 解析：comes此句是直接引語(yǔ)，陳述客觀事實(shí)，根據(jù)前面句子的謂語(yǔ)可知，動(dòng)詞come應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4。 解析：searchedbut后面的“turned up nothing”使用了過(guò)去時(shí)，search是與之并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為，故要用一般過(guò)去時(shí).5. 解析：drove此處講過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)且為主動(dòng)形式，故用drive的過(guò)去式drove。6. 解析：goes此處指這種循環(huán)日復(fù)一日地不斷持續(xù)下去，由冒號(hào)后內(nèi)容的時(shí)態(tài)可知這種情況是客觀性陳述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。7。 解析:was根據(jù)“In 1969， the poll

33、ution was terrible”可知，此處敘述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí),由于主語(yǔ)是It，因此此處謂語(yǔ)用was。8. 解析：was working句意：去年我拜訪蘇珊的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)辭去了那份高薪的工作，正在社區(qū)當(dāng)志愿者。根據(jù)句意可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。9。 解析：was driving句意:我正開(kāi)車(chē)去倫敦時(shí)，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)走錯(cuò)路了。be doing sth。 when 。.。是固定句型，表示“正在做某事,這時(shí)突然”。10.解析：am filling句意:“嗨，我們?nèi)セ伞！氨?，我現(xiàn)在正忙著呢。我正在填一份新工作的申請(qǐng)表?！贝司浔硎菊f(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生

34、的動(dòng)作,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。11. 解析：has grown由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Since 2011可知此處語(yǔ)境表示的是從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。且主語(yǔ)the country 是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)名詞,故填has grown。12. 解析： have grown句意：在過(guò)去的幾年，中國(guó)的高鐵已從9 000千米延長(zhǎng)到25 000千米。“during/over/in the past/last時(shí)間段作狀語(yǔ)，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài).13。 解析：will have developed句意:我們有望在2025年的時(shí)候不再互相發(fā)電子郵件了，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出更方便的電子通訊工具了。2025年為

35、將來(lái)的時(shí)間，由by then可知要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。1. 解析：findfound根據(jù)第一句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)During my last winter holiday可知,此處敘述的是去年寒假中的事情，故第二句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2。 解析：arewere根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞didnt realize和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞entered可知，此處敘述的是過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3。 解析：beginbegun根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：寫(xiě)作課剛剛已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，再結(jié)合前面的had，表明這是一個(gè)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句子，因此把begin改為 begun.4. 解析：goeswent此處講述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事

36、情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5。 解析：camecomes此處主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，且從句主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故應(yīng)用comes。6. 解析：becomebecame此句中的become和前面的entered是并列謂語(yǔ)，形式上應(yīng)保持一致，故become應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。7。 解析：thoughtthink根據(jù)前面的suggest和后面的does， can still learn 可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).8。解析:telltold根據(jù)前面兩句的時(shí)態(tài)可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。9. 解析:begunbegan“was scared”與“begun”是由and連接的

37、兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ),由“was scared”可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),begin的過(guò)去式是began, begun是其過(guò)去分詞,所以begun改為began.10。 解析:tellingtold句子的主語(yǔ)為“A woman”，謂語(yǔ)為saw， crying為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),and連接的是兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，而不是兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以telling改為told.11.解析：hadhave根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in the past few years”可知，本句應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。高考分析被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的必考點(diǎn)。高考主要以語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)等形式對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這一考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查,動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在語(yǔ)法填空和

38、短文改錯(cuò)中是必考點(diǎn)。預(yù)計(jì)2020年高考語(yǔ)態(tài)仍將是高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)所在,考查形式仍以語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題型為主，很可能會(huì)與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及其他的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。語(yǔ)態(tài)分為兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，be為助動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化. （一）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般式am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shallbe donewould/shouldbe done進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeing donewas/werebeing done完成式have/hasbeen doneha

39、dbeen donewill/shallhave beendonewould/should havebeen done（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法1強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身。New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world。新西蘭的葡萄酒品質(zhì)很高,廣銷(xiāo)全世界。特別注意(1）有些及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:have有 cost花費(fèi)lack缺少own擁有 suit適合 hold抓住fit適合 belong to屬于 wish希望suffer from遭受 take par

40、t in參加 date back to追溯到(2)不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：happen/take place/occur (to)發(fā)生remain剩下break out爆發(fā) last持續(xù) come out出版come up被提出 lose heart失去信心 run out用完2不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.He is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.他被公認(rèn)為早期最杰出的運(yùn)河工程師之一。3用在科技文獻(xiàn)或新聞報(bào)道中。Cars of this kind were ma

41、de in the 1980s.這種小汽車(chē)是20世紀(jì)80年代制造的。(三)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征或功能的動(dòng)詞,如read， write, sell， wash, clean, cook， catch, draw, cut, photograph， peel等,常與well, badly, easily, smoothly等副詞連用,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The book sells well.這本書(shū)賣(mài)得很好。2系動(dòng)詞smell, taste, feel， look, sound, prove等后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Her voice sounds b

42、eautiful.她的嗓音聽(tīng)起來(lái)很美妙。3open， close， lock, move， keep等動(dòng)詞常與wont， cant, wouldnt， hardly， scarcely等連用，及表示“開(kāi)始”“結(jié)束”的動(dòng)詞，如:begin， start， finish， end等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This drawer wont lock.這個(gè)抽屜鎖不上。單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1(2018北京高考改編）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ （trap) in the mountains for two day

43、s。 2(2018天津高考改編）My washing machine _ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 3（2018江蘇高考改編)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ (carry） out in the past two years。 4(2017全國(guó)卷）When fat and salt _ (remove) from food， the food tastes as if it is missing

44、something。5(2017全國(guó)卷）Steam engines _ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.6(2017全國(guó)卷）Sarah _ （tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel， earning a million dollars in the next year。7（2016全國(guó)卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not.for。profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I _ (allow