書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京信息科技大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisapityfor______anydisagreementinthefamily.

問題1選項

A.theretobe

B.therebeing

C.therebe

D.being

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定式用法。不定式結構做主語通常表示具體動作，間或也可表示抽象動作，這一點與-ing分詞結構做主語恰恰相反。用作主語的不定式結構的邏輯主語通?？梢栽谔囟ㄉ舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯觯部梢杂伞癴or+名詞詞組”或“for+theretobe”表示。如：

ItisimportantforustohaveagoodgraspofEnglish.

It’sapityfortheretobeanydisagreementinthefamily.（在這種結構中，there后面的不定式只能是tobe）

本題句意：家庭不和實在是很遺憾。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（

）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問題1選項

A.impression

B.alliteration

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impression“感想，印象，影響”；B選項alliteration“頭韻，頭韻法”；C選項clause“從句，分句，（法律文件等的）條款”；D選項assertion“斷言，聲稱，主張”。由Incourt（在法庭上）與hewasnotguilt（他是無罪的）可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪審團面前重申了他是無罪的聲明。

3.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen

foritsstreetviolenceanddisorder.

問題1選項

A.notorious

B.famous

C.illegal

D.responsible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Notorious“臭名昭著的”；famous“著名的”；illegal“非法的”；responsible“負責的”。句意：該市那個地區(qū)由于街頭暴力和無秩序而長時間臭名昭著。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand（

）suchillnesses.

問題1選項

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。disguise掩飾；隱瞞；impede阻礙；阻止；consummate完成；作成；使達到極點；precipitate使沉淀；促成；猛拋；使陷入。句意：新生物精神病學沒有否定心理因素的幫助作用可能充當現(xiàn)存生理狀況的一種催化劑，從而加速這樣的疾病。由mayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditions可推斷D符合題意。

5.填空題

Let’sgetataxi,（1）we?It’s（2）alongwalkandI’mfeelingalittletired.It（3）bejetlagthat’scausingmetorunoutof（4）.Ifeltfinethismorning,butit’sonlybeentwodays（5）IflewbackfromNewYork.

【答案】1.shall

2.really

3.must

4.energy

5.when

【解析】1.固定句式。Letus的反義疑問用shallwe。

2.語義題。句意:真是好長一段距離。空白處需填入一個程度副詞，故可以用really。

3.語法題。考查情態(tài)動詞。表示“肯定的推測”。

4.固定搭配。runoutofenergy沒有能量了。

5.語義題。句意:但我從紐約飛回來才兩天。When為引導詞o

6.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

C.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

問題2選項

A.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirms.

問題3選項

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.topexecutives

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

問題4選項

A.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

B.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

C.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

D.theimprovementofworkers’basicskills

問題5選項

A.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：下面哪一項適用于美國公司的人力資源管理？根據(jù)原文第一段第三句Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.（技能的獲得被認為是個人的責任。）由此可知，C選項“公司認為員工獲得技能是他們自己的事”符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：在美國公司中人力資源管理主管的地位怎樣？根據(jù)原文第二段第三、四句Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).（人力資源管理主管這一職位通常是一項專門的工作，處于公司等級制度的邊緣。持有該職位的主管在重大戰(zhàn)略決策上不需要征詢他的意見，他也沒有機會晉升為首席執(zhí)行官。）由此可知，美國公司人力資源管理的主管在管理層中是非常沒有地位的，在重大決策中是沒有發(fā)言權的，所以A選項“他在公司里做重要決定時沒有發(fā)言權”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：大多數(shù)美國公司投入培訓的資金主要用于什么？根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.（他們投資的資金也更多地集中在專業(yè)人員和管理人員身上。）由此可知，D選項“技術和管理人員”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：保持一個公司競爭優(yōu)勢的決定性因素是什么？文章首段第一句話指出Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.（如果持續(xù)的競爭優(yōu)勢取決于勞動者的技能，那么美國公司就有麻煩了。）而第三段又提到thebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.（基本技能使得吸收掌握新技術成為可能。）由此可知，D選項“提高工人的基本技能”符合原文，所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要談論如果競爭的優(yōu)勢取決于工人的技術，那么美國的公司就遇到麻煩了。美國公司不正確的人才管理戰(zhàn)略，使它們的競爭能力受到了挑戰(zhàn)。所以A選項“美國公司的人力資源管理策略影響了它的競爭力”正確。

7.單選題

Hefeltagreatsenseof（）afterhissuccess.

問題1選項

A.fulfillment

B.fortification

C.innovation

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。fulfillment“履行，實行，滿足”；fortification“防御工事”；innovation“創(chuàng)新”；illumination“闡明”。句意：成功后他獲得了一種滿足感。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Thegovernment’sinabilityto（）itsownlawsandregulationsdisappointedtheelectorate.

問題1選項

A.guarantee

B.strike

C.sanction

D.enforce

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項guarantee“保證，承諾”；B選項strike“撞擊；打”；C選項sanction“制裁，處罰；認可；支持”；D選項enforce“實施，執(zhí)行”。句意：政府無法執(zhí)行自己的法律法規(guī)令選民失望。由空格后的關鍵詞“l(fā)awsandregulations法律和法規(guī)”可知“實施”符合句意，因此D選項正確。

9.翻譯題

Afurthercomplication(并發(fā)癥)isthetendencyofthepilot’sbloodtoleavehisheadbecauseofinertia(慣性),leavinghimimpairedvisionandperhapsunconscious.

【答案】

更嚴重的并發(fā)癥可能是飛行員由于慣性而頭部缺血，這使他視力受損，甚至失去知覺。

10.單選題

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.

問題1選項

A.tohavecaught

B.tocatch

C.catching

D.havingcaught

【答案】B

【解析】考查目的狀語。在整個句子中，過去時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在謂語動詞上，根據(jù)語境，沒有時間趕上最后一班公交車，表明橫線部分為目的狀語，不需要體現(xiàn)時態(tài)，所以A選項tohavecaught和D選項havingcaught不符合題意，同時sb.havetime后面的目的狀語用todo，所以B選項tocatch符合題意。C選項catching表示伴隨狀態(tài)，不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

問題1選項

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:與英國和西印度群島的貿易使諸如波士頓這樣的殖民海港得以繁榮發(fā)展。故選D。

12.寫作題

WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto：

1.describethepicture；

2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture；

3.suggestcounter-measures.

【答案】略

13.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.WriteyourcorrectionsontheAnswerSheet.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing

newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir

originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis

1.______

goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof

2.______

prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe

edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof

3.______

seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis

4.______

thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof

MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery

5.______

dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered

6.______

inmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies

7.______

twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants

8.______

fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe

9.______

countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflooding

10.______

outagaintothesuburbs.

【答案】1.∧newone→a

2.filling→filled

3.though→/

4.This→What

5.was→were

6.dissimilar→similar

7.lies→lie

8.that→which

9.it→them

10.late→later

【解析】1.考查不定冠詞使用。根據(jù)句子Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.（一些城市已經失去了原來的目標，而且還沒有找到新的目標）可知，new前面缺少不定冠詞a表示泛指某物。

2.考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句子…poorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing可知，非謂語動詞fill和who之間屬于邏輯動賓關系，所以fill需要用過去分詞來表示被動意義。

3.考查比較狀語從句。根據(jù)句子TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.（在孟買或巴西利亞的邊緣，也有一些落后的城鎮(zhèn)，就如在17世紀的倫敦或19世紀早期的巴黎邊緣一樣）可知，seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis（17世紀的倫敦或19世紀早期的巴黎邊緣）這里屬于現(xiàn)在的情況與過去的情況進行對比，故不應該用justasthough（就像）引導虛擬語氣，所以要刪除“though”來表示一種比較。

4.考查句子結構。根據(jù)句子Thisisnewisthescale可知，句子中有兩個系動詞，所以需要把this替換成一個可以充當主語并且引導句子的關系代詞來使句子結構合理，所以講this改為what。

5.考查主謂一致。根據(jù)關鍵詞contrasts（反差）可知，這是復數(shù)，后置定語中的be動詞應該也用復數(shù)形式，所以was要改為were。

6.考查句意。根據(jù)關鍵詞thepoorcanstillbenumberedinmillions（貧困人口仍有數(shù)百萬）可知墨西哥城現(xiàn)在的情況與過去是類似的，所以應該把dissimilar（不同的）改成similar（相似的）。

7.考查單復數(shù)一致。根據(jù)句子butbehinditliestwomyths（但在這背后有兩個神話）可知，這里是完全倒裝，真正的主語是twomyths，所以lie應該用復數(shù)形式；故將lies改為lie。

8.考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)關鍵詞that前面的逗號可知，這里是一個非限制性定語從句，that不可以引導非限制性定語從句，所以應該把that改為which。

9.考查代詞。根據(jù)關鍵詞immigrants（移民）可知，這里應該用第三人稱的復數(shù)形式them表示，所以應該將it改為them。

10.考查副詞。根據(jù)句子themythofthecityasapromisedland,whichattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyandbringsthemfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthecountryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.（城市神話是應許之地，吸引了來自貧困農村的移民，讓他們涌入城市中心；而鄉(xiāng)村神話是伊甸園，幾代人之后，又讓他們涌向郊區(qū)）可知，afewgenerations(幾代人）、floodingintocityenters“涌入市中心”與floodingoutagaintothesuburbs（再次涌出郊區(qū)）這里對應，指代“幾代人之后涌出郊區(qū)”，所以應該將late（晚，遲）改為later（后來，隨后）。

14.單選題

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

問題1選項

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

問題2選項

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

問題3選項

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

問題4選項

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

問題5選項

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的學術專長是語言的歷史和變化，例如，他認為“誰”這一詞的逐漸消失是自然的，并不比失去古英語中的詞格尾綴的消失更令人遺憾）可知Mr.McWhorter認為正式英語的衰變是一種自然的現(xiàn)象，因此選B。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英語口語和書面語中，交談戰(zhàn)勝了演講，自然表達勝過了精雕細琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是對應關系，talking對應的spontaneity，specking對應craft，可推測演講是需要精心準備的，而談話則是自然隨意的，因此D選項“非正式的”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承認，人類語言的所有種類，包括非標準語言，包括黑人英語這樣非標準語言，都具有很強的表達力。世界上沒有一種語言或方言不能表達復雜的思想）可知A選項“邏輯思維不一定與我們說話的方式有關”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承認，正式的語言并不是絕對必要的，他并沒有提出任何激進的教育改革——他其實只是為那些美好而不是實用品的消逝而感到遺憾）可知Mr.McWhorter認同俄羅斯記住詩歌的做法，認為是somethingbeautiful，對其做法是贊同的，因此B選項“贊賞他們的努力”。

5.推理判斷題。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其實只是為那些美好而不是實用品的消逝而感到遺憾）可推測paperplates（紙盤）指的是實用性，而china（瓷盤）指美，具有藝術性，因此選C。

15.單選題

Viewingyouraccountbalancesanytimeyouwant,youcantransfermoneyaccountsatyourconvenience.

問題1選項

A.to

B.between

C.from

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞用法。A項to“向……”，B項between“在……之間”，C項from“從，來自……”，D項with“和……”；句意：任何時候您都可以查看您的賬戶余額，也可以方便的時候在賬戶間相互轉賬。transfer一般是指兩個事物之間的轉移，所以B選項符合題意。

16.單選題

IcelandliesfarnorthintheAtlantic,withitsnorthernmosttipactually

theArcticCircle.

問題1選項

A.touched

B.touching

C.beingtouched

D.touches

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)前半部分內容可知句子已經有謂語部分，因此空格處不可能再出現(xiàn)謂語形式，因此可知只能選擇非謂語動詞。再判斷出Iceland與ArcticCircle是主動關系，因此選項B符合題意。句意：冰島位于大西洋北部，最北端與北極圈相接。

17.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeansnothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possibly,myLord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus_______

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen______

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means______

5.Accordingtotheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis______.

問題1選項

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

問題4選項

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolentmess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說道“Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences（在一些種族偏見十分嚴重的國家，暴力被理所當然地視為解決分歧的一種手段）”，接著第一段的后文中又提到“Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.（我們仍然沒有認識到，暴力永遠解決不了問題，反而會使問題更加嚴重。）”，并且全文的基調都是反暴力的，由此可知該文主要說明了暴力無法消除種族偏見。A選項“崇尚暴力”；B選項“暴力無法消除種族偏見”；C選項“雙方重要人士都認為暴力是一種合法的解決方案”；D選項“人類的本能是對暴力的渴望”。因此B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.（整個有記錄的人類歷史，那些冗長乏味的暴力記錄，沒有教會我們任何東西。）”，由此可知那些歷史沒有教會我們任何東西。A選項“暴力解決不了任何問題”；B選項“什么都沒有教會”；C選項“流血毫無意義”；D選項“所有事情”。因此B選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段的第一句話“Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正合理的人知道解決辦法在哪里，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難得到聽證，他們被自己的同類所鄙視、不信任甚至迫害，因為他們提倡執(zhí)法等明顯令人憤慨的事情。）”。A選項“得不到聽證”；B選項“被輕視”；C選項“被迫害”；D選項“難以提倡執(zhí)法”。A、B、C選項出現(xiàn)的情況是由于真正明事理的人在推行執(zhí)法，由此可推斷出難以提倡執(zhí)法才是真正明事理的那些人面臨的主要問題。因此D選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（法官聽了一場冗長的辯論后抱怨說，經過這么多的談話，他什么都沒有搞明白。）”。A選項“他根本不善于傾聽”；B選項“他一點也不比以前聰明”；C選項“他聽了之后沒有一點收獲”；D選項“他并不理解這場辯論”。nonethewise“不理解；不明白”；與makenosenseof意思相同，因此D選項正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我們在法律框架內工作，就總是可能有真正和持久的解決辦法。）”。A選項“執(zhí)法”；B選項“知識”；C選項“非暴力”；D選項“收拾暴力的爛攤子”。因此A選項正確。

18.單選題

（）pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.However

C.Because

D.Onaccountof

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關系。A選項Although“盡管，雖然；但是，然而”；B選項however“無論如何；不管怎樣；然而；可是”；C選項Because“因為，由于”；D選項Onaccountof“由于；因為；為了……的緣故”。句意：（）污染控制措施是昂貴的，許多工業(yè)猶豫采取它們。根據(jù)句意可知前半句是表示原因，但是Onaccountof不接從句，因此C選項正確。

19.單選題

Inselectingamaterialtheengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

問題1選項

A.where

B.which

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。由固定搭配“besubjectto”可知此處將介詞提前，因此選D。

句意：在選擇材料時，工程師感興趣的是材料在遭受負荷或者某種狀況時所表現(xiàn)出來的特性。

20.翻譯題

Hewastakentothehugemedievalfortressattheharbour’smouth.Hefoundprisonlifefairlyendurable.Hiscellwasdampanddark,andthefoodwasbadandinsufficient;buthissistersoonobtainedpermissiontosendhimallthenecessariesoflifefromhome.HewaskeptinsolitaryconfinementandfailedtoobtainanyexplanationofthecauseofhisarrestNeverthelessthetranquilframeofmindinwhichhehadenteredthefortressdidnotchange.Notbeingallowedbooks,hespenthistimeinprayeranddevoutmeditation,andwaitedwithoutimpatienceforthefurthercourseofevents.

【答案】他被帶進港口那個巨大的中世紀城堡里。他覺得監(jiān)獄生活相當難過。他的牢房既潮濕又黑暗，食物很難吃而且吃不飽；但是他姐姐很快就獲準從家里給他送來了所有的生活必需品。他被單獨關押，而且沒能查明逮捕他的原因。然而，他進入城堡時那種平靜的心境并沒有改變。由于不允許看書，他就通過祈禱和沉思度日，耐心等待事件的進一步發(fā)展。

21.單選題

Shouldeitherofthesesituationsoccur,wrongcontrolactionsmightbetakenandapotentialaccidentsequenceinitiated.

問題1選項

A.imported

B.installed

C.started

D.interviewed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果發(fā)生這兩種情況之一，可能會采取錯誤的控制措施，并且潛在的事故序列會被……。import“輸入，引進”；install“安裝，設置”；start“啟動，開始”；interview“采訪，接見；面試”。根據(jù)“apotentialaccidentsequence”可推測劃線單詞的意思是“啟動，開始”，因此選項C符合題意。

22.單選題

Chequeshavelargelyreplacedmoneyasameansofexchange,fortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisvery（1）forbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequite（2）inthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain（3）whenheaccepts,achequeandheisquite（4）,hisrightsif,（5）,herefusestodoso.

Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled（6）.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasant（7）.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge（8）ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.

Afterexaminingseveraltrays,he（9）tobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpay（10）cheque.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite（11）,butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager'soffice.

Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewith（12）thesamenamehadpresentedthemwitha（13）chequen