書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門華天涉外職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Visualrecognitioninvolvesstoringandretrievingmemories.Neuralactivity,triggeredbytheeye,formsanimageinthebrain’smemorysystemthatconstitutesaninternalrepresentationoftheviewedobject.Whenanobjectisencounteredagain,itismatchedwithitsinternalrepresentationandtherebyrecognized.Controversysurroundsthequestionofwhetherrecognitionisaparallel,one-stepprocessoraserial,step-by-stepone.PsychologistsoftheGestaltschoolmaintainthatobjectsarerecognizedaswholesinaparallelprocedure:theinternalrepresentationismatchedwiththeretinalimageinasingleoperation.Otherpsychologistshaveproposedthatinternalrepresentationfeaturesarematchedseriallywithanobject’sfeatures.Althoughsomeexperimentsshowthat,asanobjectbecomesfamiliar,itsinternalrepresentationbecomesmoreholisticandtherecognitionprocesscorrespondinglymoreparallel,theweightofevidenceseemstosupporttheserialhypothesis,atleastforobjectsthatarenotnotablysimpleandfamiliar.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Gestaltpsychologistsmakewhichofthefollowingsuppositionsaboutvisualrecognition?

I.Aretinalimageisinexactlythesameformsasitsinternalrepresentation.

II.Anobjectisrecognizedasawholewithoutanyneedforanalysisintocomponentparts.

III.Thematchingofanobjectwithitsinternalrepresentationoccursinonlyonestep.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthematchingprocessinvisualrecognitionis（）.

問題1選項

A.explaininghowthebrainreceivesimages

B.synthesizinghypothesesofvisualrecognition

C.examiningtheevidencesupportingtheserialrecognitionhypothesis

D.discussingvisualrecognitionandsomehypothesesproposedtoexplainit

問題2選項

A.IIonly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

問題3選項

A.notaneuralactivity

B.notpossiblewhenanobjectisviewedfortheveryfirsttime

C.notpossibleifafeatureofafamiliarobjectischangedinsomeway

D.nowfullyunderstoodasacombinationoftheserialandparallelprocesses

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句為整段的中心句，根據(jù)文章第一句，“Visualrecognitioninvolvesstoringandretrievingmemories.”，可知本文的話題為視覺識別。下文對視覺識別的過程和原理通過一系列的假設(shè)進行具體的闡釋?？膳袛喑鲎髡咴诒疚纳婕暗降闹饕獑栴}是討論視覺識別，并提出一些假設(shè)來解釋它。選項D符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第五句，“PsychologistsoftheGestaltschoolmaintainthatobjectsarerecognizedaswholesinaparallelprocedure:theinternalrepresentationismatchedwiththeretinalimageinasingleoperation.”，格式塔學(xué)派的心理學(xué)家認為，物體是通過一個并行的過程被識別為一個整體的：內(nèi)部表征與視網(wǎng)膜圖像是在一個單獨的操作中匹配的?？膳袛喑觥耙粋€物體作為一個整體被識別，不需要拆解成組成部分”和“物體與其內(nèi)部圖像的匹配只需要一步”都是格式塔學(xué)派心理學(xué)家對視覺識別做出的假設(shè)。選項D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二、三句，“Neuralactivity,triggeredbytheeye,formsanimageinthebrain’smemorysystemthatconstitutesaninternalrepresentationoftheviewedobject.Whenanobjectisencounteredagain,itismatchedwithitsinternalrepresentationandtherebyrecognized.”，視覺識別的過程為：由眼睛觸發(fā)的神經(jīng)活動在大腦的記憶系統(tǒng)中形成一個圖像，這個圖像構(gòu)成了被觀察物體的內(nèi)部表象。當這個物體再次被看到時，物體與它內(nèi)部的表象進行匹配，從而識別該對象?？膳袛喑龈鶕?jù)本文，視覺識別中的匹配過程是不可能發(fā)生在一個物體第一次被看到時。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Maryfounditdifficultto____Jim’sfatherwhenhedisapprovedoftheirmarriage.

問題1選項

A.standfor

B.standout

C.standby

D.standupto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析與上下文語義。A選項standfor“代表”；B選項standout“顯眼；突出”；C選項standby“繼續(xù)支持（某人），尤指處于困境者”；D選項standupto“經(jīng)受??；反抗（某人）”。句意：Mary發(fā)現(xiàn)很難____Jim的父親，當他不贊成他們的婚姻時。A、B選項不符合句意，排除；Jim的父親不是處于困境者，而是相對來說更強大的人，D選項更符合句意，表達的是“Mary發(fā)現(xiàn)當Jim的父親不贊成他們的婚姻時，反抗他很難”。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

3.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項

A.afrail...insecurity

B.avaliant...phobias

C.anambitious...morality

D.aludicrous...laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析題。A選項的frail‘脆弱的，身體虛弱的”；insecurity“不安全，無保障”；B選項的valiant“勇敢的”；phobia“恐懼，厭惡”；C選項的ambitious“有野心的，有強烈欲望的，有抱負的”;morality“道德，品行”;D選項的ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”;laughter“笑，笑聲”。根據(jù)句意‘人類是一種極為脆弱的生物體，因為掩蓋著其恐懼心和不安全感的那層理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’確定A選項正確。

4.單選題

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

問題1選項

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項remnants“殘余；殘留物”；B選項remedy“補救；解決辦法”；C選項remains“殘余物；剩飯菜”；D選項remainder“殘余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都離開了，……坐著等。remnants一般是指殘余部分、殘跡。remains一般是指古跡，遺跡；遺骸等。句中的主語是人，大部分都走了，還有一部分剩下的人坐著等。remainder做名詞時側(cè)重于人和錢的剩余。因此D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Thefightcouldhavebeenavoidedifbothofyouhadbeenableto（

）youranger.

問題1選項

A.holdback

B.holdon

C.holdout

D.holdup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。holdback“隱藏，退縮，抑制”；holdon“緊緊抓住，不掛斷電話”；holdout“堅持，伸出，提供”；holdup“舉起，阻擋”。句意：如果你們都能克制住自己的怒火，這場爭吵本來是可以避免的。A項符合題意。

6.單選題

Herjewellery______underthespotlight.

問題1選項

A.glanced

B.flattered

C.burned

D.glittered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項glance“瞥閃，瞥見，掃視”，B項flatter“奉承，諂媚”，C項burn“燃燒，燒毀，灼傷”，D項glitter“閃光，閃爍”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞jewellery“珠寶”可知，D項最符合語境。句意：她的首飾在聚光燈下閃閃發(fā)光。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

7.單選題

ForSaintPaul,consciencebringsnotonlyilluminationbutalsoagony:Itrelentlesslyexposestheinnerbattlethathumanbeingsmustwageagainsttheirownimpulses.

問題1選項

A.insight

B.distress

C.reflection

D.stimulus

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。agony表示“苦惱，極大的痛苦”；A項insight“洞察力，洞悉”，B項distress“危難，不幸，貧困”，C項reflection“反射，沉思”，D項stimulus“刺激，激勵，刺激物”。句意：對圣保羅來說，良心帶來的不僅僅是光明，也帶來了痛苦：它無情地揭露了人類必須與自己的沖動進行的內(nèi)心斗爭。因此，根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

8.單選題

TheJapanesescientistshavefoundthatscents（）efficiencyandreducestress

amongofficeworkers.

問題1選項

A.enhance

B.amplify

C.magnify

D.foster

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。enhance提高；amplify放大；magnify贊美，夸大；foster培養(yǎng)。句意：日本科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，香味能（）辦公室工作人員的工作效率并減緩壓力。因此A選項符合句意。

9.單選題

Maskedgunmen（）intheofficesofaFrenchsatiricalnewspaperonWednesday,thepolicesaid,withinitialreportssayingthatasmanyas11peoplehadbeenkilledand10wounded.

問題1選項

A.openedfire

B.wereopeningfire

C.openedfires

D.wasopeningafire

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)thepolicesaid可判斷，這個句子的時態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài)，所以動詞要用過去式，再有固定搭配“openfire”，意為“開火”。句意：警方稱，蒙面槍手周三在一家法國諷刺新聞的辦公室里開火了，最初報道稱多達11人被殺，10人受傷。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Thefirstthingwedidwaslookforerrorsinourexperimentaldesignandforeveryconceivable（

）thatcouldhaveledusastray.

問題1選項

A.exposition

B.scenario

C.illustration

D.scheme

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞辨析。exposition博覽會，展覽會；scenario方案，可能的情景；illustration例證，圖解；scheme計劃。句意：我們首先要做的事就是查找實驗設(shè)計中的錯誤和可能誤導(dǎo)我們走人歧途的每一個能想到的可能情景。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

InFebruaryof2005,PhilBelfiorewasteachinghisseventh-gradestudentshowtowriteapoemintentionallycopyingthestyleoftheRobertfrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”.Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine:“WhosephonethisisIthinkyouknow/Icannotansweritnowthough/Sostateyourname,beveryclear/I’llcallyoubackwhenIgethome.’’.

Thatactwouldleadtooneofthemostunusualfriendshipsofhislife.

WhenPhilandhisfamilyreturnedtoMarylandfromEastervacation,helistenedtohisvoicemessages.Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.Butheaddedhe’dheartilyenjoyedthepoem.Phillaughedandthoughtnothingmoreofit,untilthephonerangafewdayslater.

“Irecognizedthevoiceimmediately,”recallsPhil,now57.“Hesaidthathewassorrytobotherme,buthewascallingtohearthepoemagain.”

Thetwomentalked.JohnThompson,aveterannow73,livedinCheyenneWyoming.Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.“Beforehangingup,Itoldhimtocallbackanytimewhethertohearmoreofthepoemorjusttotalk”recallsPhil.

Thatwas11yearsago.They’vespokenonthephoneafewtimesamontheversince.Johninitiatesmostcalls,butPhilwillringifawhilehaspassed.“Weseemtoalwaysconnectwhenthere’sbeenabigsportsevent.”Philsays.

Themendiscussfootballandfamily.JohnwilltalkexcitedlyabouthispastlifeorupdatePhilonfolkshehasbeenintouchwith.“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,”saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup.Sometimeswejusttalkforaminutetoseehowtheotherisdoing.”

“Likeoldfriends?”Iaskeagerly.I’mtryingtounderstandfromPhilwhatdrawsthesementoeachother.’’Weareoldfriends.’’,Philsays.

Noneedtooverthinkit.John,whoover11yearshassharedalittleofhimselfatatime,haswovenhimselfintothefabricofPhil’slife.IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.HetellsmestoriesofhischildhoodvisitingCapitolHill.

Intheyearssince,JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.Neithermindsthislatest“haven’t”.Theyhaven’tgonetoagametogether,hadacupofcoffeetogether,orsatontheotherssofa.Theirfriendshipisbasedonthesimpleactofpickingupthephone.It’sassimple,andasextraordinary,asthat.

1.WhocomposedtheverseonthePhil’shomeansweringmachine?

2.ThereasonwhyJohnfirstcalledPhilwasthathewantedto_______.

3.Whatdidthetwomentalkaboutmostduringtheirtalks?

4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnandPhil?

問題1選項

A.PhilBelfiore

B.JohnThompson

C.Robertfrost

D.DavidThompson

問題2選項

A.learntowritepoems

B.gotoPhil’sbirthdaylunch

C.connecthisbrother

D.discussRobertfrostwithhim

問題3選項

A.Storiesandholidayromance

B.Travelandexoticplaces

C.Poemsandliterature

D.Sportsandfamily

問題4選項

A.Theywerebestfriendswhohadnotyetmetinperson.

B.Theywerebothpoetswhohadpassionforversecomposition.

C.Theyweregoodstorytellerswhohadextraordinarymemories.

D.Theywerebothveteranswholikedchattingonphoneforhours.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：誰編著了菲爾家答錄機里的這首詩？通過題干定位到文章第一段的第二句話Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine（他很喜歡他寫給學(xué)生的樣例，所以他將其錄入了家里的答錄機），這里的“he”代指的就是前文中提到的“PhilBelfiore”，因此A選項“菲爾?貝爾菲奧爾”，符合題意。其他選項均不是答錄機里這首詩的作家。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：約翰首次呼叫菲爾的原因是他想要……？通過題干定位到文章第三段第二句話Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.（一位紳士為打錯電話而道歉。），第五段第三句話再次提及Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.（約翰的哥哥大衛(wèi)的電話號碼和菲爾家的僅差一個數(shù)字，所以打錯了電話），可以推斷出約翰本來想和他的哥哥打電話，因為按錯了號碼打給了菲爾，因此C選項“聯(lián)系他哥哥”，符合題意；A選項“學(xué)習怎么寫詩”，B選項“參加菲爾的生日宴會”和D選項“和他探討羅伯特這位詩人”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為C選項。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：兩位男士談?wù)摰米疃嗟氖?通過題干定位到文章第七段Themendiscussfootballandfamily…“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,’’saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup…”（男人們談?wù)撟闱蚝图彝ァ斑@些年來，我們的談話慢慢變得越來越私人?！狈茽栒f?！拔覀冎饕?wù)摷s翰的健康和感情生活，還有我們的親戚、愛好和其他的……”），可知D選項“運動和家庭”，符合題意；A選項“故事和假期”；B選項“旅行和異國”；C選項“詩歌和文學(xué)”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于約翰和菲爾，我們知道什么？A選項“他們是沒有見過面的最好的朋友”，由文章最后一段第一句話JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.（約翰和菲爾有過兩次見面計劃，但是情況都有變動。），可知他們從沒見面過，故A選項正確；B選項“他們都是對詩歌創(chuàng)作很有熱情的詩人”，D選項“他們都是喜歡長時間打電話的退伍軍人”文中提及菲爾是教師，約翰是退伍老兵，因此B，D選項錯誤；C選項“他們都是有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人”，文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提及IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.（我認為約翰是一位有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人），但是并沒有提及菲爾是否擅長講故事，C選項屬于原文的過度推斷，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項。

12.單選題

Anydriverstoppedbythepoliceforsomeminortraffic（

）canbeaskedtotakeatestforalcoholicdrinking.

問題1選項

A.violation

B.accident

C.congestion

D.problem

【答案】A

【解析】violation違反，妨礙，侵害；accident意外，事故；congestion擁擠，擁塞。句意：任何因輕微交通違章被警察攔下的司機都可以被要求做酒精測試。選項A符合句意。

13.翻譯題

Oncethefirstlaughterhadbeenlaughedbyprimitiveman,withsuchapparentlypleasurableeffectsallaround,laughterbegantotakeonanintrinsicvaluewithinthesocietyofman.Thepersonpossessingtheabilitytocommunicatepleasureinaloudlaughbegantoenjoysocialadvantagesoverhismoreseriouscolleagues,hebecamea“goodmixer”sociallyselectedandlikedbysociety.Thustheprocessofnaturalselection(thesurvivalofthefittest)wouldtendtooperateinfavorofthoseabletoexpresstheirpleasurablestatesinlaugher,ascomparedwiththosenotsoable.Throughoutthecourseofevolution,laughterwouldbecomeestablishedthroughoutthehumanspeciesasafunctionofsociologicalandpsychologicalvalue.

Thuslaughtergraduallybecameestablishedasacapacityamongvirtuallyallhumanbeings.Inaddition,laughter’sinfectionsqualityhelpeddistributeitasacharacteristiccommontoallmankind.Laughterwasadvantageous;thereforeitsurvived.

【答案】【參考譯文】原始人一旦第一次開口大笑了，笑聲就因其對周圍所產(chǎn)生的那些明顯的愉快的效果，開始具有了人類社會所特有的價值。具有用爽朗的笑聲來傳播愉快能力的人，開始比他的較為嚴肅的同事更能享受到社會的優(yōu)勢。他成了個“善于交際的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推舉的人，受到社會的喜愛。因此，自然選擇（適者生存）的過程往往有利于那些能夠在笑中表達快樂狀態(tài)的人，而不是那些不這么做的人。在整個進化的過程中，根據(jù)其具有的社會學(xué)和心理學(xué)價值，笑聲一直保持下來。

這樣，笑就逐漸成為全人類的一種能力。此外，笑的感染力有助于將其作為全人類共有的一種特性進行傳播。笑是有益的，所以笑就流傳了下來。

14.單選題

Itwassucha(n)（

）whenPatandMikemeteachotherinTokyo.EachthoughtthattheotherwasstillinHongKong.

問題1選項

A.occurrence

B.coincidence

C.fancy

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。occurrence“發(fā)生，事件”；coincidence“巧合，一致”；fancy“幻想，想象力”；destiny“命運，天命”。句意：派特和邁克能在東京偶遇是多么巧合的一件事。倆人都以為對方在香港。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Asadevelopingcountry,wemustkeep（）withtherapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.

問題1選項

A.pace

B.move

C.step

D.speed

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組的固定搭配。A選項pace表示“步速，步伐，速度”；B選項move表示“行動，舉措，改變”；C選項step表示“腳步，步驟，步伐”；D選項speed表示“速度，進展”。詞組keeppacewith是一個固定搭配，表示“與并駕齊驅(qū)，保持一致”。因此本題正確答案為A選項。

16.單選題

Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply_____whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.

問題1選項

A.resolved

B.absolved

C.dissolved

D.solved

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近動詞辨析。resolve“解決；決心要”；absolve“免除，赦免”；dissolve“溶解；解散”；solve“解決”。句意：只有一間教室的學(xué)校，所有科目同時教授給所有年級的學(xué)生，當更好的交通條件允許有專門的空間和專門的教學(xué)時，就簡單地……。這里用“解散”更符合句意，因此C選項符合題意。

17.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Thehypothesisofnaturalselectionmaynotbeacompleteexplanation,butitledtoagreaterthingthanitself—anacceptanceofthetheoryoforganicevolution,whichtheyearshavebutconfined.Yetatfirstsomenaturalistsjoinedtheopposition.Tothemany,whowereunabletojudgethebiologicalevidence,theeffectofthetheoryofevolutionseemedincredibleaswellasdevastating,toruncountertocommonsenseandtooverwhelmallphilosophicandreligiouslandmarks.Eveneducatedman,choosingbetweentheBookofGenesisandtheOriginofSpecies,proclaimedwithDisraelithathewas“onthesideoftheAngels”.

【答案】自然選擇的假說可能不是一個完整的解釋，但它引出了一個比它本身更偉大的東西——對有機進化理論的接受，這一理論多年來一直受到限制。然而，起初有些博物學(xué)家加入了反對陣營。對許多無法判斷生物學(xué)證據(jù)的人來說，進化論的影響似乎難以置信，而且是毀滅性的，它與常識背道而馳，壓倒了所有哲學(xué)和宗教的里程碑。即使是受過教育的人，在《創(chuàng)世紀》和《物種起源》中做出選擇時，也會和迪斯雷利一起宣稱自己“站在天使一邊”。

18.單選題

Beforethe19thcentury,therewerealmostnochannelsofsocial（）.

問題1選項

A.mobility

B.availability

C.adaptability

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】socialmobility為固定搭配,意為“社會流動性”。句意：十九世紀以前幾乎不存在社會流動性的渠道。選項A符合語境。

19.單選題

Aftertheexamination,thedoctor（

）aprescriptionforme.

問題1選項

A.wroteout

B.wrotein

C.wrotedown

D.wroteoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。writeout“寫出，寫下”；writein“寫信提出（要求）”；writedown寫下，記下；writeoff勾銷，取消。句意：醫(yī)生給我檢查完身體后，迅速給我開了處方。此句句意為寫出處方。答案A

20.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”，whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（

）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto

（

）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（

）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto

（

）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"（

）.

問題1選項

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問題2選項

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問題3選項

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問題4選項

A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

問題5選項

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多非洲裔美國人來自南方…?！傻诙沃械谝痪洹癙eoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.很多亞洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通過避開眼神來表示尊敬。很多非裔美國人，尤其是來自南部的那些人，也遵守這個風俗?！贝_定C選項“避開眼神接觸作為尊敬的表示”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘當聽到別人說話時，白人交流者傾向于…’。由第三段第二句“Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.他們做的正好相反，當他們在聽的時候，他們總是要看著說話的人?！贝_定A選項“一直看著講話者”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多美國城市的顧客對韓國店主感到憤怒，因為…’。由第五段中第二句“non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.當韓國人店主沒有直視他們時，非韓國顧客會變得生氣?！贝_定A選項“韓國人店主沒有直視他們”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘Mad-dogging指的是…’。由倒數(shù)第四段第二句"Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.尤其是在城市中心，當一個青少年直視另一個青少年時，這被認為是一種挑釁，有時被稱為“瘋狂跟蹤”，并可能導(dǎo)致身體沖突?！贝_定D選項“一個青少年對另外一位來自不同文化背景的青少年的一種挑釁”正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘古老的短語“我要求滿足”…’。由倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction",whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.就像古老的短語“我要求滿足”(Idemandsatisfaction)成為決斗的序曲一樣，冷眼盯著可能成為身體接觸的前奏?！贝_定B選項“經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致打架”正確。

21.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents.”

(3)Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.

(4)Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.

Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.(5)Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.

【答案】1.性別歧視是在生理由先天決定這一思想基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的，并被其合理化。根據(jù)這一思想，生理和心理的基本差異存在于性別之中。

2.這樣，女人天生比男人更加適合履行家庭職責。在通常情況下，女人的位置處于在家里這個被保護的環(huán)境中。

3.這種思想還認為，想要走出家庭到外面工作的女人自然就應(yīng)該在那些適合她們性別的行業(yè)里的工作。

4.最后，這種思想還認為，自然以另一種顯著的方式行使了自己的意志。人類要長遠生存下來，它的成員必須有規(guī)律地繁衍。

5.有充足的證據(jù)表明，性別角色在不同的社會里是不同的，而且這些確實存在的角色差異大都是后天學(xué)來的。

22.單選題

Feelingmoreandmore______,Nikiembracedthevibrantandstrong-wingedbutterflyashersymbolofnew-foundindependence.

問題1選項

A.cynical

B.abridged

C.accessible

D.autonomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B項abridged“刪節(jié)的，削減的”，C項accessible“易接近的，可進入的”，D項autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（獨立）可知，對應(yīng)D項符合。句意：感覺越來越自主，尼基接受了充滿活力和有強壯翅膀的蝴蝶作為她新獲得的獨立的象征。因此，該題選擇D項。

23.單選題

Thelosingcandidate________immediatelyafterthepollshadclosed.

問題1選項

A.confessed

B.conceded

C.concurred

D.admitted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。confessed“承認，認罪”；conceded“承認，坦白”；concurred“同意”；admitted“承認”。句意：投票選舉結(jié)束后，輸?shù)舻暮蜻x人立即坦白承認了。選項B符合題意。

24.單選題

Becauseofthe___ofitsideas,thebookwasinwidecirculationbothathomeandabroad.

問題1選項

A.originality

B.subjectivity

C.generality

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項originality“創(chuàng)意；獨創(chuàng)性，創(chuàng)造力；原始；新奇”；B選項subjectivity“主觀性，主觀”；C選項generality“概論；普遍性；大部分”；D選項ambiguity“含糊；不明確；曖昧；模棱兩可的話”。句意：由于其思想的___，這本書在國內(nèi)外廣泛流傳。本句表達“思想的獨特性”，因此A選項正確。

25.單選題

Mr.Leeisfartoowiseamannot（

）that.

問題1選項

A.seeing

B.beingseen

C.see

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。too...to表示“太……以至于不能”，too...notto屬于雙重否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……不能不……”。句意：李先生太聰明了，不會不知道這點的。

26.單選題

Althoughsports（

）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsaroutine.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，壓垮；affected影響；dominate控制，在…中占主要地位；influenced影響。句意：盡管運動對家庭有決定性影響，Joe認為當體育運動擾亂了家庭傳統(tǒng)與日常生活時，應(yīng)該拒絕運動。由although可推知前后性質(zhì)相反，后半句提到了“interferedwith…干擾…”是屬于不利的一面，故前半句應(yīng)為好的一面。故C項正確。

27.單選題

Speech—theactofutteringsoundstoconveymeaningisakindofhumanaction.Likeanyotherconstantlyrepeatedaction,speakinghastobelearned,butonceitislearned,itbecomesagenerallyunconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.

Asfaraswecandeterminehumanbeingsdonotneedtobeforcedtospeak;mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.Howtospeakandwhattosayareanothermatteraltogether,Theseactionsarelearnedfromtheparticularsocietyintowhichthebabyisborn;sothat,likeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatternedactivity.

Themeanderingbabbleandchatterofayoungchildareeventuallychanneledbyimitationintoafeworderlygroovesthatrepresentthepatternacceptedasmeaningfulbythepeoplearoundhim.Similarly,achild'sindiscriminatepracticeofputtingthingsintohismouthbecomeslimitedtoputtingfoodintohismouthinacertainway.

Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.However,achildbornintoasocietywithapatternoflanguageisencoura