書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱遠(yuǎn)東理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運(yùn)，多指用人力；B選項(xiàng)fetch“（去）拿來(lái)，（去）請(qǐng)來(lái)”，指說(shuō)話人離開(kāi)說(shuō)話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來(lái)；C選項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)，引來(lái)”，從別處拿某物到說(shuō)話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項(xiàng)reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時(shí)候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。

2.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager（

）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”；withthepurposeof“目的，用途”；in/withreferenceto“關(guān)于，就…而言”；withaviewto“著眼于”。句意：我們給經(jīng)理寫信反映關(guān)于最近在以上地址進(jìn)行維修的有關(guān)情況。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.Thedesertseemeddeterminedtoswalloweverything.SoMr.DanjimoandotherfarmersinGuidanBakoye，theSahel,asemiaridbeltthatspansAfricajustbelowtheSaharatookasmallbutradicalstep.Nolongerwouldtheyclearthesaplingsfromtheirfieldsbeforeplanting,astheyhadforgenerations.Insteadtheywouldprotectandnurturethem,carefullyplowingaroundthemwhensowingmillet,sorghum,peanutsandbeans.

Today,thesuccessingrowingnewtreessuggeststhattheharmtomuchoftheSahelmaynothavebeenpermanent,butatemporarylossoffertility.Theevidence,scientistssay,demonstrateshowrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity.

InNiger’scase,farmersbeganprotectingtreesjustasrainfalllevelsbegantoriseagainafterthedroughtsinthe1970sand80’s.

Anotherchangewasthewaytreeswereregardedbylaw.Fromcolonialtimes,alltreesinNigerhadbeenregardedasthepropertyofthestate,whichgavefarmerslittleincentivetoprotectthem.Treeswerechoppedforfirewoodorconstructionwithoutregardtotheenvironmentalcosts.Governmentforestersweresupposedtomakesurethetreeswereproperlymanaged,buttherewerenotenoughofthemtopoliceacountrynearlytwicethesizeofTexas.

Butovertime,farmersbegantoregardthetreesintheirfieldsastheirproperty,andinrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.Farmersmakemoneyfromthetreesbysellingbranches,pods,fruitandbark.Becausethosesalesaremorelucrativeovertimethansimplychoppingdownthetreeforfirewood,thefarmerspreservethem.

Thegreeningbeganinthemid-1980s,Dr.Reijsaid,“andeverytimewewentbacktoNiger,thescaleincreased.”

“Thedensityissospectacular.”hesaid.

MahamaneLarwanou,aforestryexpertattheUniversityofNiameyinNiger’scapital,saidtheregrowthoftreeshadtransformedrurallifeinNiger.

“Thebenefitsaresomanyitisreallyastonishing,”Dr.Larwanousaid.“Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.Treesaresovaluabletofarmers,sotheyprotectthem.”

Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.Therootsalsohelpholdwaterintheground,ratherthanlettingitrunoffacrossrocky,barrenfieldsintogullieswhereitfloodsvillagesanddestroyscrops.

Onetreeinparticular,theFaidherbiaalbida,knownlocallyasthegaotree,isparticularlyessential.Itisanitrogen-fixingtree,whichhelpsfertilizethesoil.

Itsleavesfalloffduringtherainyseason,whichmeansitdoesnotcompetewithcropsforwater,sunornutrientsduringthegrowingperiod.Theleavesthemselvesbecomeorganicfertilizerwhentheyfall.

47.Theword“arable”inthethirdparagraphfromthebottomcanbesubstitutedby（）.

48.Thedenudingofvastswathsoflandwasnotcausedby（）.

49.Asmallchangeinhumanbehaviorcan（）.

50.Todaythelawhaschangedto（）.

51.Thebenefitsoftreestofarmersdoesnotinclude（）.

52.（）isnotanecologicalbenefitofthetreesinruralNiger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.landincapableofgrowingcrops

B.landcapableofgrowingcrops

C.landwhichisbeneficialtovegetation

D.landwhichdoesharmtovegetation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.severedroughtinthe1970’sand80’s

B.populationexplosion

C.destructivefarmslivestockpractices

D.civilwaramongthepeople

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.transformtheregionalecology

B.restorebiodiversity

C.restoreproductivity

D.alltheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.regardtreesaspropertyoftheState

B.makesuretreesareproperlymanaged

C.imposestiffpenaltiesonpeoplewhocuttreesforfirewood

D.allowindividualstoowntrees

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.sellingbranchesformoney

B.feedingpodsasfoddertotheiranimals

C.sellingandeatingleavesandfruits

D.treesdepletingsoilofneededwater

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.ThatRootsfixthesoilinplaceandsomearenitrogenfixing

B.Preventingsoilfrombeingcarriedoffbyfiercewinds

C.Preservingarableland

D.Takingnutrientsfromcropsduringthegrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.（樹(shù)的根可以防止水土流失，阻止土壤被.薩赫勒地區(qū)的狂風(fēng)刮走以及保護(hù)耕地。）“arable”在這句的意思是“可耕種的”，可以推斷出選項(xiàng)B“能種莊稼的土地”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不能種植莊稼的土地”，正好與文章內(nèi)容相反，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“有利于植被生長(zhǎng)的土地”，文章沒(méi)有提到植被生長(zhǎng)土地，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)植物有害的土地”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到第一段第一句Severedroughtinthe1970sand80s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.（20世紀(jì)70年代和80年代的嚴(yán)重干旱，加上人口爆炸和破壞性的農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)，正在侵蝕大片土地）這句話提到了大面積的土地被剝奪的原因是Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices。D“人民之間的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“七十年代和八十年代的嚴(yán)重干旱”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“人口爆炸”，文章提到，人口爆炸，B選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)場(chǎng)和家畜的破壞性行為”，符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句howrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity（人類行為中相對(duì)較小的變化如何改變區(qū)域生態(tài)，恢復(fù)其生物多樣性和生產(chǎn)力）。A選項(xiàng)“改造區(qū)域生態(tài)”、B選項(xiàng)“恢復(fù)生物多樣性”、C選項(xiàng)“恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)力”，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“以上全對(duì)”正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句inrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.（近年來(lái)，政府已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到這種前景的好處，允許個(gè)人擁有樹(shù)木），可知，政府允許個(gè)人擁有樹(shù)木，故選項(xiàng)D“允許個(gè)人擁有樹(shù)木”為答案選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“把樹(shù)木視為國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“確保樹(shù)木得到妥善管理”，沒(méi)有提到政府確保樹(shù)木得到妥善管理。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)砍伐樹(shù)木作為柴火的人處以嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第四段第二句Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.（農(nóng)民們可以賣樹(shù)枝來(lái)賺錢。他們可以把豆莢當(dāng)作飼料喂動(dòng)物。他們可以賣或吃樹(shù)葉。他們可以賣水果，吃水果）。D選項(xiàng)“樹(shù)木耗盡土壤所需的水分”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。A選項(xiàng)“賣樹(shù)枝賺錢”，文章提到農(nóng)民可以依靠賣樹(shù)枝來(lái)掙錢，A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“用豆莢喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物”，文章提到把豆莢作為飼料喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“賣和吃樹(shù)葉和水果”，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland（它們的根固定住土壤，防止它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，保護(hù)可耕種的土地），D選項(xiàng)“在作物生長(zhǎng)期間從作物中獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)”，文章沒(méi)有提到會(huì)從作物中獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“這些根可以固定土壤，有些還可以固定氮”，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“防止土壤被狂風(fēng)吹走”，文章提到它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)耕地”，文章提到保護(hù)可耕種的土地，C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)confess表示“坦白；承認(rèn)；供認(rèn)”，B選項(xiàng)declare表示“宣布，申明，宣稱”，D選項(xiàng)confirm表示“確認(rèn)，確定，核實(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)claim表示“宣稱，要求，索賠”。由句意可知，新同事宣稱，他進(jìn)入我們公司之前，在一些大公司里工作過(guò)。空缺處單詞需與介詞to構(gòu)成搭配，因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)override“推翻；不顧；踐踏”；B選項(xiàng)avert“避免，防止；轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項(xiàng)reinvigorate“使再振作，使復(fù)興”；D選項(xiàng)ownupto“承認(rèn)；承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，坦白”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，重振歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的途徑在于公私雙方共同參與的合作方式。本句表示“使歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新重振的途徑”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thedestructionofthesetreasureswasalossformankindthatnoamountofmoneycould（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standupfor

B.makeupfor

C.comeupwith

D.putupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A:standupfor“支持；堅(jiān)持”；B:makeupfor“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”；C:comeupwith“追趕上；提出”；D:putupwith“忍受，容忍”。句意：對(duì)人類而言，這些寶物的破壞是一種無(wú)法用金錢彌補(bǔ)的損失。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，后文寫道沒(méi)有金錢可以彌補(bǔ)，故B為正確答案。

7.單選題

Inprotest,blacksand（）whitessatatthecountersoftheserestaurantsandrefusedtomoveuntiltheywereserved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensible

B.indifferent

C.influential

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。sensible"明智的,合情理的";indifferent"不關(guān)心的,冷淡的,中立的";influential"有影響的,有權(quán)勢(shì)的";sympathetic"同情的，贊同的"。句意：在抗議活動(dòng)中,黑人和那些支持抗議行為的白人坐在餐館的柜臺(tái)上,拒絕離開(kāi)，直到他們得到服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Idon’tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）todothattypeof

work.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compatible“兼容的，能共處的”；convenient“方便的”；consistent“始終如一的，一致的”；competent“能勝任的，有能力的”。句意：我認(rèn)為約翰遜的新工作不會(huì)成功，因?yàn)樗荒軇偃芜@份工作。becompetentto“勝任······”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyouressay.WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtotheadviceoffamilyandfriends.Otherpeoplebelievethebestwayisthroughpersonalexperience.

Comparetheadvantagesofthesetwodifferentways.Whichdoyouthinkispreferable?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourpreference.

【答案】略

10.單選題

Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker“sell”hisorherideastoanaudience.Besidesitspersuasivepowers,eyecontacthelpsholdlistenerinterest.

Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.Tohavegoodrapport(關(guān)系)withlisteners,aspeakershouldmaintaindirecteyecontactforatleast75percentofthetime.Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeaking,whetherfromapodium(演講臺(tái))orfromacrossthetable,are“regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest.”

Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylife,wehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassers-bybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontact,itseems,istomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone.

Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itis,infact,essentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.Visualcues(暗示)fromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdragging,thatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolong,orthataparticularpointrequiresfurtherexplanation.Aswehavepointedout,visualfeedbackfromlistenersshouldplayanimportantroleinshapingaspeechasitisdelivered.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,agoodspeakermust______.

3.Theword“target”inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphcanbestbereplacedby______.

4.Indailylife,whentheglancesoftwopassers-byhappentomeet,thesetwopersonswillinevitably______.

5.Eyecontactwithanaudience,accordingtotheauthor,hasallthefollowingbenefitsforthespeakerEXCEPTthatitdoesn’t______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofeyecontact

B.thepotencyofnonverbaltechniques

C.successfulspeechdelivery

D.aneffectivewaytogainvisualfeedbacks

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.“sell”hisorherideastoanaudience

B.maintaindirecteyecontactwithlisteners

C.beverypersuasiveandbelievable

D.beexceptionallywell-disposed

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.“destination”

B.“goal”

C.“audience”

D.“followers”

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.smiletoeachother

B.feelawkwardandlookawayimmediately

C.trytomakeaconversationwitheachother

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpthespeakertocontroltheaudience

B.helpthespeakertogainaudienceinterestandesteem

C.helpthespeakertoknowwhetherheistalkingtoomuchaboutacertainpoint

D.helpthespeakertoanalyzehisaudiencewhenheisbeginninghisspeech

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，文章首先提出了目光接觸這個(gè)技巧，接著介紹了具體的做法以及它發(fā)揮的重要作用。因此A選項(xiàng)“目光接觸的重要性”最符合文章主旨。B選項(xiàng)“非語(yǔ)言技巧的效力”，文章只介紹了目光接觸這一種非語(yǔ)言技巧，而不是對(duì)非語(yǔ)言技巧效力的概述，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“成功的演講”，良好的目光接觸只是成功演講的因素之一，C選項(xiàng)過(guò)于寬泛，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“獲得視覺(jué)反饋的一種有效方法”只是目光接觸的作用之一，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.（一個(gè)成功的演講者必須與聽(tīng)眾保持目光接觸。），說(shuō)明本文認(rèn)為成功的演講者必須與聽(tīng)眾保持目光接觸。因此B選項(xiàng)“與聽(tīng)眾保持直接的目光接觸”正確。A選項(xiàng)“向聽(tīng)眾‘推銷’他或她的想法”，C選項(xiàng)“具有很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力和可信度”，D選項(xiàng)“非常友好”都是保持目光接觸起到的作用和結(jié)果，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“target”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeaking,whetherfromapodiumorfromacrossthetable,are“regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest.”（無(wú)論是在講臺(tái)上還是在桌子對(duì)面講話時(shí)，保持目光接觸的人“不僅會(huì)被他們的聽(tīng)眾視為非常友好的人，而且會(huì)被視為更可信、更認(rèn)真的人?！保f(shuō)明“target”在文中是指“講話的聽(tīng)眾”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)“聽(tīng)眾”正確。A選項(xiàng)“目的地”，B選項(xiàng)“目標(biāo)”，D選項(xiàng)“追隨者”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylife,wehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassers-bybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontact,itseems,istomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone.（為了顯示目光交流在日常生活中的作用，我們只需要考慮路人在街上偶然相遇時(shí)的目光是如何表現(xiàn)的。一個(gè)極端是那些在目光接觸時(shí)覺(jué)得必須微笑的人。另一種極端是那些感到尷尬，會(huì)立刻把目光移開(kāi)的人。進(jìn)行目光交流，似乎是為了與某人建立某種聯(lián)系。），說(shuō)明在日常生活中在這種情況下，不同的人有不同的反應(yīng)或表現(xiàn)，并不是非做出某種表現(xiàn)或反應(yīng)不可。A選項(xiàng)“向?qū)Ψ轿⑿Α保珺選項(xiàng)“感到尷尬并立即移開(kāi)目光”是兩種極端的情況，不代表一定會(huì)發(fā)生，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“試圖與對(duì)方進(jìn)行交談”，建立聯(lián)系不一定意味著進(jìn)行談話，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”正確。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“幫助演講者控制聽(tīng)眾”，由原文Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker“sell”hisorherideastoanaudience.（目光接觸是一種非語(yǔ)言技巧，有助于演講者向聽(tīng)眾“推銷”他或她的想法。）可知，目光接觸有助于讓聽(tīng)眾認(rèn)同演講者的想法，是對(duì)聽(tīng)眾的一種控制，A選項(xiàng)屬于目光接觸的好處，排除A。B選項(xiàng)“幫助演講者獲得聽(tīng)眾的興趣和尊重”，由原文Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.（有些演講者只專注于他們的筆記。有些人的目光越過(guò)聽(tīng)眾的頭頂。兩種做法都有可能失去觀眾的興趣和尊重。）可知，目光接觸有助于演講者獲得聽(tīng)眾的興趣和尊重，B選項(xiàng)屬于目光接觸的好處，排除B。C選項(xiàng)“幫助演講者了解他是否在某一點(diǎn)上說(shuō)得太多了”，由原文Visualcuesfromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdragging,thatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolong（聽(tīng)眾的視覺(jué)線索可以表明演講拖沓，演講者在某一點(diǎn)上停留的時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)）可知，目光接觸有助于演講者了解自己的演講是否冗長(zhǎng)，C選項(xiàng)屬于目光接觸的好處，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“幫助演講者在開(kāi)始演講時(shí)分析他的聽(tīng)眾”，由原文Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itis,infact,essentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.（與聽(tīng)眾的目光接觸也能讓演講者了解并觀察聽(tīng)眾。事實(shí)上，這對(duì)于在演講中分析聽(tīng)眾是必不可少的。）可知，目光接觸有助于演講者在演講全程分析聽(tīng)眾，而不只是演講開(kāi)始時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，所以本題選D。

11.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學(xué)生或老師可以每隔一段時(shí)間就進(jìn)行一次短途旅行，到海島附近美麗的沙灘上去。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。at...rate以……速度：atintervals不時(shí)，每隔一段時(shí)間;atlength詳盡地;atgap,無(wú)此搭配。故選D。

12.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.

Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmostprobablydenotesthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearancet

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldaget

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashiont

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashiont

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlifet

B.personaldresst

C.individualhairstylet

D.personalfuturet

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniformt

B.variedt

C.unknownt

D.inexplicablet

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformityt

B.formalityt

C.informalityt

D.diversityt

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.careaboutappearanceinformalsituationst

B.fashioninformalandinformalsituationst

C.ignoringappearanceininformalsituationst

D.ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在第一段中，作者認(rèn)為人是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段，F(xiàn)ewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare（我們中很少有人能滿足于接受自己本來(lái)的樣子）可知A項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己的外表感到滿意”錯(cuò)誤；Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（在我們十幾歲或二十出頭的時(shí)候，我們比生命中的任何時(shí)候都更擔(dān)心我們的外表以及我們?cè)趧e人眼中的形象）可知，人們?cè)谀贻p的時(shí)候最關(guān)注外表，故B項(xiàng)“老年時(shí)關(guān)心外表”表述不準(zhǔn)確；fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion（也很少有人有足夠的勇氣忽視流行趨勢(shì)）可知，C項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有忽視什么是時(shí)尚”正確，而D項(xiàng)“不愿跟隨時(shí)尚潮流”正好與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告似乎把時(shí)尚和……聯(lián)系了起來(lái)”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.（他們告訴我們，如果我們這樣做，我們就能自信地認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友，從容自信地應(yīng)對(duì)各種情況）可知，時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告把時(shí)尚和自信聯(lián)系在了一起，故A項(xiàng)“生活中的自信”正確。B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人服裝”和C項(xiàng)“個(gè)人發(fā)型”是屬于時(shí)尚的具體方面，不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的未來(lái)”屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，時(shí)尚的原因是……”。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（是什么導(dǎo)致了時(shí)尚的變化？有時(shí)，便利、實(shí)際需要或僅僅是一個(gè)有影響力的人的幻想就可以建立一種時(shí)尚），由此可知導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚的原因有很多種，所以B項(xiàng)“多種多樣”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)一”、C項(xiàng)“未知”和D項(xiàng)“令人費(fèi)解”均不符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)今社會(huì)更加自由和容易，因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)……”。根據(jù)第五段第二句Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿你喜歡的衣服或做你喜歡的發(fā)型，而不是你應(yīng)該的方式，因?yàn)檫@是時(shí)尚）可知，時(shí)尚就是自己可以穿自己喜歡的服裝和發(fā)型，按照自己喜歡的方式來(lái)，由此可推斷當(dāng)今社會(huì)更加自由和容易是因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)非拘謹(jǐn)性，故C項(xiàng)“不拘禮節(jié)”正確。B項(xiàng)“拘謹(jǐn)性”與原文相反；A項(xiàng)“均勻性”未提及；D項(xiàng)“多樣性”，這是導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚的原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“最后一段很可能表示……”。最后一段第一句提到Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，然后我們必須仔細(xì)選擇我們的衣服），接著舉了兩個(gè)例子加以說(shuō)明在一些正式的場(chǎng)合中應(yīng)該選擇合適的衣服，所以A項(xiàng)“在正式場(chǎng)合要注重儀表”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“正式和非正式場(chǎng)合的時(shí)尚”，最后一段沒(méi)有做出正式和非正式場(chǎng)合的對(duì)比；C項(xiàng)“在非正式場(chǎng)合忽視外表”，這是斷章取義；D項(xiàng)“在任何情況下都忽視外表”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

ItisverystrangebutIhadan（）thattheplanewouldcrash.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspiration

B.intuition

C.imagination

D.incentive

【答案】B

【解析】inspiration啟發(fā)靈感的人（或事物）,靈感;intuition直覺(jué),直覺(jué)力；imagination想象力;incentive動(dòng)機(jī)。句意：這很奇怪,但是直覺(jué)告訴我這架飛機(jī)會(huì)墜毀。

14.單選題

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（腸胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,食物耐受不良是一個(gè)比食物過(guò)敏更常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題,最有害的癥狀之一是情緒低落。在英國(guó),每年有四分之一的人情緒或心理健康都會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,在過(guò)去的五年中,抗抑郁藥物的處方數(shù)量增加了40%以上。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第八段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,C,D均符合原文;根據(jù)第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有這些排列在我們消化系統(tǒng)中的神經(jīng)元不僅僅是處理消化,偶爾也會(huì)引起緊張情緒。選項(xiàng)B描述太絕對(duì),所以不正確。

3.根據(jù)第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁癥經(jīng)常與腸胃炎聯(lián)系在一起。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”這項(xiàng)名為“飲食掃描”的飲食耐受不良測(cè)試,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)飲食耐受不良潛在的誘因。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

15.單選題

Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“誘導(dǎo)”；infect“感染”。句意：這為可憐的老人患有糖尿病，如果沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)闹委煟蜁?huì)喪失視力，很快就會(huì)殘廢。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,sucha