PeriodTwoLearningaboutLanguage直接引語和間接引語(Ⅱ)語法規(guī)則(祈使句改為間接引語)1．根據(jù)祈使句的語氣，如果是強(qiáng)制性的，如軍官、警官對下級，老板對雇員等，把say改為order或demand；如是同級之間一般性的語氣，則改為tell；如遇客氣的請求，則改為ask，但時態(tài)均不變。2．把祈使的對象放在order，demand，tell，ask后面，作其賓語。3．把祈使句的動詞原形改為不定式todo或nottodo，放在賓語后面，并去掉引號。4.如祈使句中有代詞，要視具體情況作相應(yīng)的變化，如your→his/her，this→that，總的原則是使所指不變。5．祈使句改為間接引語后，成了一個簡單句子，整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語＋order/demand/tell/ask＋sb.＋todo/nottodosth.?！癟akeoffyourboots！”theguardsaidtoHill.→TheguardorderedHilltotakeoffhisboots.Mrs.Blacksaidtothestudentsangrily，“Don’tmakeanynoise！”→Mrs.Blackorderedthestudentsnottomakeanynoise.Fathersaidtome，“Lookafteryourlittlesister.”→Fathertoldmetolookaftermylittlesister.“Pleasehelpmecarrythisbox，”shesaidtoJohn.→SheaskedJohntohelphercarrythatbox.【拓展】直接引語若為祈使句(通常表示命令、要求、建議等)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，常構(gòu)成簡單句型“引述動詞ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind/etc.＋名(代)詞賓語＋(not)不定式”。其中，引述動詞根據(jù)說話者的語氣來確定。“Remembertoswitchoffallthelights，”shesaid.→Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.“Don’tmakeamessinthekitchen，”shesaidtohim.→Sheasked/told/warnedhimnottomakeamessinthekitchen.“You’dbetterhurry，Bill，”shesaid.→SheadvisedBilltohurry.注意：祈使句句型變化注意事項(xiàng)：（1）直接引語中的稱呼語是祈使的對象，改為間接引語時，常作引述動詞的賓語。如原句中沒有稱呼語，通常要加上賓語如me，him，us等。Hesaid，“Goandtellher，Tom.”→HetoldTom(me)togoandtellher.(2)直接引語中如果有表示客氣的please或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動詞do，改為間接引語時須去掉。Hesaidtome，“Sitdown，please.”→Heaskedmetositdown.(3)表示勸告、指示、命令等的祈使句也可以改為that引導(dǎo)的含有情態(tài)動詞should的賓語從句。Hesaid，“Goandseeher.”→Hesaid/advisedthatIshouldgoandseeher.(4)let的祈使句改為間接引語時，須根據(jù)它們表示的意義而定。Hesaid，“Let’sgotothecinema.”→Hesuggestedgoingtothecinema.→Hesuggestedthatwegotothecinema.(5)疑問祈使句和帶有附加句的祈使句改為間接引語時和一般祈使句一樣，改為賓語加不定式短語的結(jié)構(gòu)。Hesaid，“Willyouhelpme，please？”→Heaskedmetohelphim.(6)表示祝愿的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，必須根據(jù)它們的意義而定?！癏eavenhelpsme！”hesaid.→HewishedthatHeavenwouldhelphim.及時反饋把下列句子改為間接引語1．“Changeyourdirtyuniform！”theofficersaidtohisman.The_officer_ordered_his_man_to_change_his_dirty_uniform.2．“Putmypurseinthedrawerofthedeskandlockit，”thewifesaidtoherhusband.The_wife_told_her_husband_to_put_her_purse_in_the_drawer_of_the_desk_and_lock_it.3．“Don’tbelateagain！”theteachersaidtohisstudent.The_teacher_told_his_student_not_to_be_late_again.4．“Don’tcomeinwithoutringingmyofficefirst，”thebosssaidtohisassistant.The_boss_ordered_his_assistant_not_to_go_in_without_ringing_his_office_first.5．“Pleasedon’tsmokeatthefoodcounter，”thewaitresssaidtoBill.The_waitress_asked_Bill_not_to_smoke_at_the_food_counter.6．“Youtwo，openthisdoor，”hesaidtothetwomen.He_told_the_two_men_to_open_that_door.Ⅰ.把下列直接引語的句子變成間接引語1．“Bob，besuretolockthedoorbeforeyougotobed，”mothersaid.Mother_told_Bob_to_be_sure_to_lock_the_door_before_he_went_to_bed.2．Theteachertoldhisstudents，“WatchmecarefullywhenIdothisexperiment.”The_teacher_asked_his_students_to_watch_him_carefully_when_he_did_that_experiment.3．“Pleasepassmethesugar，”Maryaskedhersister.Mary_asked_her_sister_to_pass_her_the_sugar.4．“Don’tforgettoturnoffallthelightsbeforeyouleavetheroom，”Mrs.Greentoldherson.Mrs._Green_told_her_son_not_to_forget_to_turn_off_all_the_lights_before_he_left_the_room.5．“Pleasedon’tgotoschooluntilyouhavenofever，”thedoctorsaidtothepatient.The_doctor_asked_the_patient_not_to_go_to_school_until_he_had_no_fever.6．“Don’tdrinktoomuch，”thewifetoldherhusband.The_wife_told_her_husband_not_to_drink_too_much.7．Hesaid，“Don’tlookoutofthewindowwhenthetrainismoving.”He_asked_the_passengers_not_to_look_out_of_the_window_when_the_train_was_moving._8．“Couldyoupleaseshowmehowtousethecomputer？”heasked.He_asked_me_if_I_could_show_him_how_to_use_the_computer.9．Theteachersaidtous，“Theearthisround.”The_teacher_told_the_students_that_the_earth_is_round.10．Mr.Wuoftensays，“YoumustspeakEnglishasoftenaspossible.”Mr.Wu_often_tells_me_that_I_must_speak_English_as_often_as_possible.11．“Iprefermathstophysics，”hesaid.He_said_that_he_preferred_maths_to_physics.12．“Areyouinterestedinhistoryandbiology？”sheaskedthem.Sheaskedthemiftheywereinterestedinhistoryandbiology.13．“Howoftendoyouvisityourhomevillage？”Iaskedhim.I_asked_him_how_often_he_visited_his_home_village.14．Hesaidtous，“Followyourteacher’sinstructions.”He_told_us_to_follow_my_teacher’s_instructions.15．“Don’tpunishthechildren，”thewomansaidtohim.The_woman_told_him_not_to_punish_the_children.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．“Gotobedanddon’tgetuptillyouarecalled，”hisfatheror-dered.Hisfatherorderedhimtogotobedandnottogetuptillhewascalled.2．“Don’tpassuntilthegreenlightison，”thepolicemansaidtohim.Thepolicemantoldhimnottopassuntilthegreenlightwason.3．“Willyoupleasepassmethatbook？”heasked.HeaskedmeifIwouldpasshimthatbook.4．“Whydon’tyougowithus？”heasked.Heaskedmewhynotgowithhim.5．Theteachertoldhimtogotoherofficeatonce.Theteachersaidtohim，“cometomyofficeatonce！”6．Motheraskedthepoliceofficertoshowherthewaytothehospital.Motheraskedthepoliceofficer，“Pleaseshowmethewaytothehospital.”7．Thedoctortoldhimnottosmokeanymore.Thedoctorsaid，“Don’tsmokeanymore.”8．Theyoungmanaskedhisbosstolethimgohomeearlierthatday.Theyoungmanaskedhisboss，“Let_megohomeearliertoday.”Ⅲ.單句改錯1.Becausehislazinessheoftenfailsinhisexams.Because→Becauseof2.Asiftheydon’tknoweachother,theycanbeintroducedtoeachotherbyourteacher.As→Even3.DoyouknowinmanycountriespeoplespeakChineseasthesecondlanguage?the→a4．Myhometownchangedagreatlotoverthepastyears.changed前加has5.Thephraseusinginthesentenceisnotcorrect.using→used6．Inthearticlethewritermadeuseawidervocabulary.use后加of7.Advertisementsbasingonthesefactshavebeenprintedinnewspapersandmagazinesbuthavenothelpedmuch.basing→based8.Thebooksovertherearemuchmoreinterestingthanthatontheshelf.that→those9．EnglishhasusedinHongKongsinceabout1842.has后加been10.Thenumberofstudentstakingparttimejobshaveincreasedduringthelastfewyears.have→hasⅣ.完成句子1．Mothertoldtheboyto_hurry_up(趕快點(diǎn))．2．Mr.Wutoldusnot_to_lose_heart(不要灰心)．3．Theteachertoldmeto_stand_up_and_not_to_be_afraid_to_say_what_I_thought(站起來不要害怕說出我的想法)．4．Sheorderedhimto_go_away(走開)．5．Tomadvised_Alice_to_start_the_next_day(建議Alice第二天動身)．Ⅴ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Theyasked________toimprovethesoil.A．thatitwaseasyB．whetheritwashardC．ifitiseasyD．whenwasithard答案B解析從句的引述動詞是表疑問的，排除A項(xiàng)；從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，排除D項(xiàng)；ask為一般過去時，從句也應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。2．—Whatdidtheteachersay?—Hetoldme________again.A．nottocarelessB．nottobecarelessC．tobenotcarelessD．notbeingcareless答案B解析tellsb.todosth.“告訴某人做某事”，不定式的否定形式not應(yīng)放于不定式符號to之前。3．—Whatdidtheofficersay?—Heorderedus________leavethetemple.A．don’tB．notC．nottoD．didn’t答案C解析含有祈使句的直接引語變成間接引語時，常采用不定式形式作賓補(bǔ)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)在不定式符號to前加not。4．Heaskedme________afterschool.A．IusuallydidwhatB．whatIusuallydoC．usuallyIdowhatD．whatIusuallydid答案D解析從句的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)置于從句之前，從句使用陳述語序，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；主句為過去時，從句也應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。5．Hedidn’ttellme________.A．whowasthewomanB．whothewomanwasC．whoisthewomanD．whothewomanis答案B解析疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時要用陳述語序；引述動詞是過去時，變間接引語時其謂語動詞也使用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。6．Theairforceofthatcountryis________thecommandoftheGeneralHall.A．a(chǎn)tB．withC．underD．for答案C解析underthecommandof...是固定搭配，意為“由……指揮/控制”。7．Atthe________oftheinterviewers，theofficeragreedtoremaininhisposition.A．suggestionB．requestC．requirementD．demand答案B解析attherequestofsb.“應(yīng)某人的請求”，是固定搭配。8．“WhendidJohnleaveforBeijing？”Maryaskedme.MaryaskedmewhenJohn________forBeijing.A．didleaveB．leaveC．hadleftD．left答案C解析直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句時態(tài)要隨之變化，直接引語為一般過去時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時要用過去完成時。9．Theteacher________metohaveanothertry.A．warnedB．suggestedC．hopedD．a(chǎn)sked答案D解析suggest和hope后面不能跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)，可排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)題意，A項(xiàng)不合適，故選D項(xiàng)。10．Motheraskedtheyoungestson________withhistoycar.A．whatthematterwasB．whatwasthematterC．whatthematterisD．whatisthematter答案B解析由主句謂語動詞用過去時可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；當(dāng)“what’sthematter”作賓語從句時，語序不發(fā)生變化，故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。Ⅵ.閱讀理解AYoumayknowtheEnglishlettersA，BandC，butdoyouknowtherearepeoplecalledABCs?Youmaylikeeatingbananas，butdoyouknowthereissuchathingas“abananaperson”？Howstrange!Arethesepeoplefromanotherearth？No.TheyarejustChinesepeoplelikeyouandme.ABCmeansAmerica-bornChinese.AnABCisaChinese，butwasbornintheUS.Sometimes，peoplecallanABC“abananaperson”．Abananaisyellowoutsideandwhiteinside.So，whenapersonisabanana，heorsheiswhiteinside—thinkinglikeawesternerandyellowoutside—lookinglikeaChinese.Doyouknowwhy？Usually，ABCsknowlittleaboutChinaortheChineselanguage.SomeofthemcannotspeakChinese.Also，theyarenotinterestedinChinesepolitics.ButifABCscan’tspeakChinese，canwestillcallthemChinesepeople？Yes，ofcourse.TheyareChinese.TheyareoverseasChinese.ThesepeoplemaybecitizensofanothercountryliketheUS，CanadaorSingapore,buttheyhaveChineseblood.Theirparents，grandparentsorevengreat-grandparentswerefromChina.Theyallhaveblackeyesandblackhair.ButtheyarenotChinesecitizens.TheyarenotpeopleofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Forexample，weallknowthefamousscientistC．N.Yang(楊振寧)．HegottheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1957.Chinesepeoplelovehim.ButheisanAmericancitizen.1．“ABC”inthepassagestandsfor________A．3EnglishlettersB．a(chǎn)kindofbananaC．ChineseborninAmericaD．AmericansborninChina答案C解析從第二段第二句可知ABC指代在美國出生的中國人。2．SometimesABCsinwesterncountriesarecalled“bananapersons”because________.A．theirbodiesarewhiteinsidebutyellowoutsideB．theythinklikewesternersbutlooklikeChineseC．theywereborninChinabutgotostudyinAmericaD．theyliketoeatbananas答案B解析從第二段最后一句可知稱ABCs為bananapersons的原因。3．Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A．differentkindsofbananasB．overseasChineseC．theNobelPrizeD．thelifestoryofC.N．Yang答案B解析概括全文可知文章主要講述ABCs，即在外國出生的中國人的情況，故B項(xiàng)概括正確。BAmericanandBritishpeoplebothspeakEnglishofcourse.Butsometimesitdoesnotseemlikethesamelanguage.Infact，therearesomeimportantdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.Firstofall，theysoundverydifferent.Often，Americansdon’tsayeachwordseparately.Theysayseveralwordstogether.Americansmaysay“Idunno”insteadof“Idon’tknow”．However，theBritisharemorecarefulontheirspeech.Theyusuallysayallthewordsandkeepthemseparate.Also，somelettershavedifferentsounds.Forexample，theAmericanssaythe“a”inhalflikethe“a”incat.ButtheBritishsaythe“a”inhalflikethe“o”insoft.SoundisnottheonlydifferencebetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.Wordssometimeshavedifferentmeaningstoo.SomeAmericanwordsareneverusedinEngland.ThesamethingistrueofsomeBritishwordsinAmerica.Forexample，thevocabularyforcarsanddrivingisverydifferent.Americansdrivetrucks，butinEnglandtheydrivelorries.Manyexpressionsarealsodifferentinthetwocountries.InEngland，ifyouaregoingtelephonefriends，you“ringthemup”．InAmericayou“givethemacall”．Therearealsosomedifferencesingrammar.Forexample，Americansusuallyusethehelpingverb“do”whentheyaskaquestion.Theysay“Doyouhaveclasstoday？”ButtheBritishoftenleaveoutthehelpingverb.Theysay“Haveyouclasstoday？”AllthesedifferencescanbeconfusingifyouarelearningEnglis