高考英語知識(shí)梳理--實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一、按詞匯功能分類一、按詞匯功能分類1.不及物動(dòng)詞ache疼痛apologize道歉appear出現(xiàn) arrive到達(dá)come來cough咳嗽 cry哭dance跳舞die死 disappear消失 exist存在 fall掉flow流淌 go去 happen發(fā)生 lie躺listen聽rise升起 run跑 stay呆、留sit坐stand站 succeed成功swim游泳2.及物動(dòng)詞accept接受borrow借bury埋cover覆蓋defeat挫敗discover發(fā)現(xiàn)enjoy喜歡excite使激動(dòng)forget忘記guess猜測interest使感興趣love熱愛please使高興put放raise提高surprise使涼訝3.雙賓語動(dòng)詞（1）及物動(dòng)詞+sth.tosb.allow允許award授予bring帶給hand交給mail郵寄offer提供owe欠pass傳遞pay付給sell賣給lend借給write寫post郵遞read讀給return歸還send寄給serve招待show展示take拿給teach教導(dǎo)tell告訴throw扔Hegavemeapicture-bookasapresent.他給我一本圖畫書做禮物。Hegaveapicture-booktomeasapresent.Ireturnedhimthestorybook.我把故事書還給他了。Ireturnedthestorybooktohim.（2）及物動(dòng)詞+sth.forsb.book預(yù)定buy買choose選擇cook做飯draw畫fetch去取pick選擇make制作order訂購get得到prepare準(zhǔn)備save節(jié)省sing唱歌steal偷fix安裝find找到Heboughtmeapicture-bookasapresent.他給我買了一本圖畫書做禮物。Heboughtapicture-bookformeasapresent.I’veorderedyouanairticket.我已為你預(yù)訂了一張機(jī)票。I’veorderedanairticketforyou.【提示】只能用“動(dòng)詞+直賓+to+間賓”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞：explain，announce，report，suggest。Theteacherexplainedthedifficultpointofgrammartome.老師給我講解了語法難點(diǎn)。Heannouncedtoherhisintentionofgoing.他向她宣布他打算離開。Ireportedthethefttothepolice.我向警方報(bào)告了這起盜竊案。HesuggestedtheplantoHaas.他向哈斯提出那個(gè)計(jì)劃。4.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞（1）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+形容詞believe相信consider認(rèn)為cut切dye染declare宣布drive驅(qū)使find發(fā)現(xiàn)force強(qiáng)迫imagine想象judge判斷keep使保持leave留下make使push推paint漆set使oudrivememadwhenyousaythat.你講這話真叫我惱火。Theyjudgedherstupid.他們認(rèn)為她很蠢。Pleasesetthebirdfree.請(qǐng)把鳥放掉吧。MrTomshondeclaredhisstoryfalse.湯姆遜先生說他講的事是假的。（2）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+名詞call叫choose選擇consider認(rèn)為elect選舉find找到keep使make使變?yōu)閚ame命名wish祝愿Weconsiderhimastrangeperson.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)奇特的人。Wefindhimanhonestman.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。Weelectedhimchairmanoftheclub.我們選他任俱樂部主席?！咎崾尽縞hairman是表示唯一的職務(wù)的名詞，作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)前面不加冠詞。（3）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+todoadvise建議allow允許ask要求beg請(qǐng)求encourage鼓勵(lì)expect期望get使invite邀請(qǐng)order命令teach教tell告訴warn警告want想要wish希望Motheroftentellsmetomakefriendscarefully.媽媽經(jīng)常告誡我交朋友要慎重。Ipersuadedhimtoaccepttheplan.我說服他接受這個(gè)計(jì)劃。（4）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+dolookat看notice注意observe觀察see看見watch注意看listento聽hear聽見feel感覺have使let讓make使Thepainmadehimcryout.他痛得叫喊起來。Ihaveneverobservedhimactlikethat.我從來沒見過他如此表現(xiàn)。Wefeltthehouseshakejustnow.我們剛才感覺房子晃了一下。Didyounoticeanyonetakethebookaway？你看到誰把那本書拿走了嗎？（5）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+tobebelieve相信consider認(rèn)為declare宣布find發(fā)現(xiàn)imagine相信judge判斷prove證明report報(bào)道think認(rèn)為deny否認(rèn)discover發(fā)覺feel感覺guess猜測know知道suppose架設(shè)understand理解Theyallbelievethestorytobetrue.他們都相信這篇報(bào)道是真實(shí)的。Hedeclaredthestorytobefalse.他斷言這篇報(bào)道是假的。Imagineyourselftobeinhisplace.設(shè)想你自己處于他的地位，那又會(huì)怎么樣呢？Wejudgedthedistancetobeaboutfourmiles.我們估計(jì)距離大約是4英里。（6）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+doingbring引起catch碰上discover發(fā)現(xiàn)feel感覺get使（動(dòng)起來）have讓（一直）hear聽見keep使（一直）leave聽任find發(fā)覺start使（引起）watch觀察set使（引起）notice注意到observe觀察see看見send使（突然）Hercriesbroughttheneighborsrunning.她的哭喊聲引得鄰居們都跑來了。Theteachercaughttheboycheating.那孩子在作弊的時(shí)候被老師發(fā)現(xiàn)了。Idiscoveredhimlivingnexttome.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他就住在我的隔壁。Hefelthimselfgettingyoungerandyounger.他感到自己越活越年輕了。Hiswordsgotusthinking.他的話使我們思索起來。Hisbehavioursetpeopletalking.他的行動(dòng)引起了人們的議論。Thevictorysentourspiritsrising.勝利使得我們非常高興。Heleftmewaitingoutsideintherain.他讓我站在雨里等候。Hiscriticismstartedmethinkingseriously.他的批評(píng)引起我認(rèn)真思考。（7）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+donefind發(fā)現(xiàn)feel感覺get使have使hear聽見make使see看見think認(rèn)為watch注意看Icouldn’tmakemyselfheardbyallthelisteners.我不能使所有聽眾都能聽見我。Hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群孩子包圍了。（8）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+副詞ask叫、讓drive驅(qū)使find發(fā)現(xiàn)get使invite邀請(qǐng)let讓see看見shut關(guān)閉show領(lǐng)CanIaskBobin？我可以讓鮑勃進(jìn)來嗎？Showthevisitorin，please.請(qǐng)把客人帶進(jìn)來。Theyfoughtbravelytodrivetheenemyout.他們勇敢地戰(zhàn)斗把敵人趕出去。（9）及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞短語discover發(fā)現(xiàn)feel感覺find發(fā)現(xiàn)get使have使hear聽見keep保持make使notice注意到see看見Don’thavechildrenathomeallday.Givethemtimetoplayoutdoors.不要讓孩子老呆在家里。給他們外出玩耍的時(shí)間。Shediscoveredthecatunderthetable.她發(fā)現(xiàn)那只貓?jiān)谧雷酉?。Keepthesebooksontheshelfandtakethemwhennecessary.把所有的書放在書架上，用時(shí)隨時(shí)拿。5.常用被動(dòng)句式的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞beaccustomedto使習(xí)慣于beadaptedto適應(yīng)于beaddictedin沉溺于beappliedto應(yīng)用于bedevotedto致力于bedressedin穿著beengagedin從事于beengagedto同……訂婚behiddenin/among藏身于belostin入迷beoccupiedwith從事bepreparedfor準(zhǔn)備beseatedin（on）就座bestationedround駐扎在……周圍Hewashiddenamongthetrees.他躲藏在樹林里。Powerfultroopswerestationedroundthecapital.首都周圍駐扎著強(qiáng)大的部隊(duì)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞二、按詞匯意義分類二、按詞匯意義分類1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可與“for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”狀語連用。drink喝eat吃fly飛have有keep保持know知道lie躺著live住play玩rain下雨read讀run跑sing唱sleep睡覺smoke抽煙snow下雪stand站talk說wait等walk走wear穿work工作Wehaveknowneachothersincechildhood.自孩提時(shí)代我們就認(rèn)識(shí)。Ihavebeenlivinghereforyears.我在這里住了多年了。UsuallyonSundayIsleepuntil11a.m.星期天我通常睡到上午十一點(diǎn)鐘才起床。（2）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要表示一時(shí)的動(dòng)作，可以在該動(dòng)詞前加get/begin/cometo等。ItwasnotuntilIfailedagainthatIgottorealizemyfault.直到我再一次失敗，我才開始認(rèn)識(shí)到我的過失。Theybegantoseethattheyhadmadeaseriousmistake.他們開始認(rèn)識(shí)到自己犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)。2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（1）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能跟表示“一段時(shí)間“的狀語連用。admit承認(rèn)arrive到達(dá)begin開始borrow借buy買break打破close關(guān)閉come來die死fall倒go走h(yuǎn)it擊中join加入jump跳leave離開lose丟marry結(jié)婚open打開put放start開始stop停Wehavecomehere.我們已經(jīng)來這里了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup？你加入電腦小組了嗎？3.不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞（1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞belong屬于consistof由……所組成contain包含dependon依靠exist存在have有hold持有，保持lie位于need需要own擁有possess擁有remain停留result導(dǎo)致resemble像stand位于want缺乏Ihavetwobrothers.我有兩兄弟。（have有，無進(jìn)行時(shí)）He’shavingameeting.他正在開會(huì).（have進(jìn)行，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)）Thishousebelongstomysister.這房子是我姐的。（belong屬于，無進(jìn)行時(shí)）ThehousebelongingtoMaryisbeautiful.瑪麗的房子很漂亮。（belonging是引導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，不是進(jìn)行時(shí)）Theschoolstandsaboutfourmilestothewestofthatcity.這所學(xué)校位于那座城市西面大約4英里處。（stand位于，無進(jìn)行時(shí)）Sheisstandingbythedoor.她倚門而立。（stand站立，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)）Sheislyinginbedwithaseverecold.她因重感冒躺在床上。（lie躺，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)）Thetownlayinruinsafteraheavybombardment.（lie處于，無進(jìn)行時(shí)）在猛烈轟炸以后城鎮(zhèn)成了一片廢墟。（2）感官連系動(dòng)詞Thismilktastessour.牛奶（嘗起來）酸了。（taste嘗起來，無進(jìn)行時(shí)）Maryistastingthesauce.瑪麗在品嘗調(diào)味品。（taste品嘗，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)）Theseflowerssmellgood.這些花聞起來很香。（smell聞起來，無進(jìn)行時(shí)）Thedogwassmellingattheshoes.那只狗正在嗅那雙鞋子。（smell聞，嗅，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)）Yourhand