從句子形式分析長難句———閱讀篇

※Heworkshard.→Heworkshardforacompany.→Heworkshardforacompanywhichwasfoundedin2002.

→Livingwithhisson,heworkshardforacompanywhichwasfoundedin2002.→Livingwithhisson,heworkshardforacompanywhichwasfoundedin2002andmostofhisworkmatesshowgreatrespectforhim.(介詞短語)(從句)(非謂語)(并列結構)揭開長難句的真面目基本成分不變修飾語可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數詞),各種類型的短語(主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語),也可以是從句。添加修飾語加以擴大(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch.Theideaofreturningtothebasicsintheclassroom—anotion(概念，觀點)which,incidentally(順便說一下),hasbeenquietlysupportedforyearsbymanyrespectedteachers—isfinallygainingsomecurrency(認可)withschooladministrators.長難句的3類形式在理解時,要先理解插入語以外的句子內容,再理解插入語,即“先讀兩端,再讀中間”。多數插入語都位于雙逗號或雙破折號之間,和句子其他部分明顯地隔離開來。難點在于,插入語部分可能會嵌套其他特殊結構,或者有多層修飾成分,從而增加理解難度。

※1.含有分隔結構的句子對于這種類型的長句,首先是找出從屬連詞并確定“主干結構”,然后確定各從句的性質,也就是明確每個從句在句中分別修飾哪些詞語或結構,最后綜合整體考慮全句大意。(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”“SamuelJohnson”，and“Webster”.※2.被從句拉長的簡單句(主從復合句)(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.首先找到并列連詞(and,so,but,or,etc),然后將長句分解成多個分句,理清各分句的內部結構和意群（一個句子可以根據意思和語法結構分成若干個小段，每個小段為一個意群）；然后找出從屬連詞并確定主句,接著按照簡單句的分析方法,梳理各分句的結構和意義，最后綜合整體考慮全句大意?！?.有并列句和多個復合句構成的長句prepositionalphrases（介短）clauses（從句）non-predicateverbs（非謂語）Alongsentence1.trunk(主干部分):S.+V.+(O.)…2.modifiers

修飾語部分3.parallelstructures（并列結構）(Aand/orB;A,B,and/or

C)小結：“一劃二括三會意，讀懂高考長難句”Goforit!Challengeit!

分析長難句1.

(2017·浙江卷改編)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden，whereitremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.2.

(2020·全國卷Ⅰ改編)TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess——toucheddownlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

分析長難句3.

(2020·浙江1月高考)Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.4.(2019·河北省保定市高三模擬改編)Itfoundthat，againstthecommonlyseen“notmorethan3percentrule”oftranslatedliterature'spresenceintheEnglish-languagebookmarkets，thenumberfor2018was5.63percentinBritainandthetotalannualsaleswasworth$27.1million.

分析長難句5.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ改編)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.6.(2021·八省聯考改編)Itcanbeeasytoletaparticularschoolbecomeafront-runnerearlyonduringyourdecision-makingprocess,anditmayevenbecomethewinningchoice–butbesuretocarefullyevaluateeveryschoolthathasacceptedyou,sinceyouhadparticularreasonsforapplyingtoeachschool.1.(2014年全國卷)Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations,includingUNESCOandNationalGeographic,haveformanyyearsbeenrecording

dyinglanguagesandtheculturewhichtheyreflect.Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto______A.promotegloballanguages.B.rescuethedisappearinglanguages.C.searchforlanguagescommunities.D.setuplanguagesresearchorganizations.

閱讀理解

2.(2017年全國卷)Backin1983,astwoscientistsreported,youngmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A.Itmakesnoise.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstandsquietly.D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.3．(2018年全國卷)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourtechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddeviceswellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewdevices？________A.Theyareenvironment--friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.4．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)AbbotHallArtGallery&MuseumThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall'stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10：30－17：00Sumner.10：30－16：00Winter.Town：KendalWhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotHallArtGallery&Museum?A.EnjoyRomney'sworks.B.Havesomeinteractivefun.C.Attendafamousfestival.D.Learnthehistoryofafamily.5．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)

When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth，agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead，oneactivist，dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit，hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)！”WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A．Toseefamousfilmstars.B．Toopposewearingfurcoats.C．Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D．Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.Harbinturnsonheating4daysearly

Harbin,capitalofNortheastChina'sHeilongjiangprovince,begansupplyingheatingtoitsresidentsonSaturday,fourdaysearlierthanusual,astemperaturesdroppedsharplyfromFriday,thecity'shousingandurban-ruraldevelopmentbureausaid.HeilongjianghadcompletedtheinspectionofheatingfacilitiesacrosstheprovincebySaturday,andallitscitiesandregionshavestartedtosupplyheatingtoresidentsinadvanceoronschedule.

Residentsin13citiesandregions,includingHeihe,YichunandSuihua,havebeenenjoyingwarmroomsasoutdoortemperaturescontinuetodropinlateautumn.Theprovince'searlyheatingservicehasgivengreaterattentiontoenergysupplyduetorisingpricesandincreasingdemandfromothernorthernprovincesastheheatingseasonapproaches.Toguaranteeenergysupply,ChinaRailwayHarbinGroupsaidithastakeneffectivemeasurestotransportcoalforpowergeneration.

新聞翻譯

新聞翻譯哈爾濱提前4天供暖

中國東北黑龍江省省會哈爾濱市住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設局表示，由于氣溫較周五大幅下降，周六開始為居民供暖，比往常提前四天。

截至周六，黑龍江已完成全省供熱設施檢修工作，各城市和地區(qū)已開始提前或按期向居民供熱。

隨著深秋室外氣溫的持續(xù)下降，黑河、宜春、綏化等13個城市和地區(qū)的居民已經享受到了溫暖的房間。

隨著供暖季節(jié)臨近，由于價格上漲和北方其他省份的需求增加，該省的早期供暖服務更加關注能源供應。

為保障能源供應，中鐵哈集團表示，已采取有效措施，運煤發(fā)電。

句子判斷簡單句并列句復合句抓主干去枝葉并列連詞觀邏輯從屬連詞分主從并列和主從復合句并存的處理方法

——先讀懂并列句，再看主從復合句Soeasy!新聞翻譯Homework

“LakeChangjin”SmashesChina’sHolidayBoxOfficeRecordChina’slatestfilmbrokesingledayboxofficerecordpreviouslysetbyanotherpatriotic(愛國的)movie,becominganinstantholidayhitamongdomesticaudiences.

“LakeChangjin”amassed1.8billionyuan($279million)inticketsalesasofMondayafternoon.Thethree-hourwardramasurpassedthesingledaymilestonesetbythe2017blockbuster“WolfWar