醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)的其它細(xì)菌中南大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院微生物學(xué)系

一種病原菌同時(shí)可引起動(dòng)物和人類的某些傳染病，稱為人畜(獸)共患病，其中絕大多數(shù)是以動(dòng)物作為傳染源的稱為動(dòng)物源性疾病(zoonosis)※布魯菌※鼠疫耶氏菌※炭疽芽胞桿菌

※弗朗西絲菌常見(jiàn)動(dòng)物源性細(xì)菌

炭疽芽胞桿菌（B.anthracis）是動(dòng)物和人類炭疽病的病原菌，是人類歷史上第一個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的病原菌，也是致病菌中最大的細(xì)菌，俗稱炭疽桿菌。炭疽芽胞桿菌(B.anthracis)一、生物學(xué)性狀1．形態(tài)與染色△Gram-positive,aerobic,spore-forminglargebacillus△Sporesremainviableinsoilfordecades.Bacillusanthracis2.抵抗力繁殖體抵抗力不強(qiáng)，且對(duì)抗生素敏感。但芽胞抵抗力較強(qiáng)。※在自然界存活時(shí)間長(zhǎng)?！鶎?duì)一般的化學(xué)消毒劑抵抗力較強(qiáng)。對(duì)氧化劑較敏感。ColoniesofBacillusanthracisonbloodagar.

MucoidcoloniesofBacillusanthracis.ThisculturewasprobablyincubatedatanincreasedCO2tension(5%CO2)whichgreatlyenhancesproductionofthepoly-D-glutamylcapsuleandaccountsforthemucoidcolonytype.二、培養(yǎng)特性1.致病物質(zhì)※莢膜※炭疽毒素三、致病性與免疫性Exotoxin:Aplasmid-encoded,heat-labile,heterogeneousproteincomplexmadeupof3components:

(1)EdemaFactor(EF)

(2)LethalFactor(LF)

(3)ProtectiveAntigen(PA)Anthrax:transmission※Anthraxisamajordiseasethreattoherbivorousanimals.※Peoplebecomeinfectedbythecutaneous

route(directcontactwithdiseasedanimals,industrialworkwithhides,wool,brushes,orbonemeal),byinhalation

(Woolsorter'sdisease),orbyingestion

(meatfromdiseasedanimals).2.致病過(guò)程（炭疽病，anthrax)炭疽桿菌（牛、羊、豬等）直接皮膚接觸呼吸道消化道細(xì)菌繁殖，釋放炭疽毒素?fù)p傷微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞皮膚炭疽肺炭疽腸炭疽敗血癥腦膜炎Anthrax:symptomsCutaneousanthrax2.致病過(guò)程（炭疽病，anthrax)炭疽桿菌（牛、羊、豬等）直接皮膚接觸呼吸道消化道細(xì)菌繁殖，釋放炭疽毒素?fù)p傷微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞皮膚炭疽肺炭疽腸炭疽敗血癥腦膜炎anthrax:symptomsPulmonaryanthraxGastrointestinalanthraxInhalationanthraxdemonstratingenlargedmediastinallymphnodes.2.致病過(guò)程（炭疽病，anthrax)炭疽桿菌（牛、羊、豬等）直接皮膚接觸呼吸道消化道細(xì)菌繁殖，釋放炭疽毒素?fù)p傷微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞皮膚炭疽肺炭疽腸炭疽敗血癥腦膜炎（三）微生物學(xué)檢查及防治原則1．微生物學(xué)檢查②分離培養(yǎng)鑒定B.anthracisinthebloodofapatientwithinhalationanthraxClinicaldiagnosisofanthraxcanbeconfirmedbydirectmicroscopicexaminationorculture.①直接涂片鏡檢2．防治（一）預(yù)防：①管理病畜及牧場(chǎng)防護(hù)。②特異性預(yù)防：炭疽減毒活疫苗皮膚劃痕接種。（二）治療：首選青霉素。PreventionTreatment※Antibiotics※Antibodytothetoxincomplexisneutralizingandprotective※Vaccinatio