r3max wnr3max wni?EI?1、二向應(yīng)力狀態(tài)斜截面應(yīng)力 1、拉壓(=N1、拉壓(=N共[(]2、剪切T=Q共]maxA擠壓(=P擠壓共]擠壓A擠壓3、圓軸扭轉(zhuǎn)T=T共]maxWt斜彎曲(=Mz+My共[(]maxWWzymaxAPBCqqACB6、拉(壓)彎組合AABMCmax (=maxNNAWzmaxLLLL (tmax=+zytmax共[(t](cmax=zMIz6”兩式僅供參考7、圓軸彎扭組合：①第三強(qiáng)度理論(= w7、圓軸彎扭組合：①第三強(qiáng)度理論(= wnWz②第四強(qiáng)度理論(=r4=②第四強(qiáng)度理論(=r4=WzEAEALEATLTL2、扭轉(zhuǎn)C==xTLTLGIGIppGILGI幾ppMBLABLAPPBLAqqBL對(duì)值，使用時(shí)要根據(jù)具體情況賦予正負(fù)號(hào))6EIML6EI9=9=9=BEIB2EIBmaxWzmaxmaxWzmaxz zmaxI.bzML2PL3qL4f=f=f=B2EIB3EIB8EIB3EIA6EIBA16EIBA24EIML2PL3qL4f=f=f=cEIc48EIc384EI(4)彈性變形能(注：以下只給出彎曲構(gòu)件的變形能,并忽略剪力影響,其他變形與此相似,不予寫出)2EI2EI2EIi (22xy0(( (22xy0((minx一yT=max T=max2xy4、三向應(yīng)力狀態(tài)的主應(yīng)力：(之(之(123最大剪應(yīng)力：T=(一(13max2(1)、表達(dá)形式之一(用應(yīng)力表示應(yīng)變)(1)、表達(dá)形式之一(用應(yīng)力表示應(yīng)變)xyxExyyEyxzExyxyG(2)、表達(dá)形式之二(用應(yīng)變表示應(yīng)力)a=E(c+rc)a=E(c+rc)a=0[=G人x1一r2xyy1一r2yxzxyxypasbv六、截面幾何性質(zhì)1、慣性矩(以下只給出公式，不注明截面的形狀)P3232Dz64641212xExyzxyGmaxzy32326max r111r2123nb r313r42122331ns2(2)max2min 1、臨界壓力與臨界應(yīng)力公式(若把直桿分為三類)2、關(guān)于柔度的幾個(gè)公式y(tǒng)=rLy=ip3、慣性半徑公式i=Iz(圓截面i=d，矩形截面i=b(b為短邊長(zhǎng)度))Az4min12五、動(dòng)載荷(只給出沖擊問題的有關(guān)公式)ddd (自由落體沖擊)K=d220 (水平?jīng)_擊)現(xiàn)象~意義現(xiàn)象~觀點(diǎn)擇模板－打第一段草稿觀點(diǎn)型ft因+辦法nd翻譯).nd描述+利弊+結(jié)論翻譯).+辦法ndn墨文博模板P1龍眼Asisvividly(illustrated/depicted/conveyed/revealed/betrayed)inthepicture,(圖的內(nèi)容○1thetwopetneighborsgreeteachotherpolitelyandamicably,whereas(while/ontheotherhandtetwopets’ownersseemtoignorebetween(eachother)aloofly).Simpleasitis,thedrawingsetsusponderingaawfully.Accordingly,muchinspirationcanbedrawnfromwhatthisfar-reaching/thought-provokingpicturewitness:(圖反映的現(xiàn)實(shí)pets,ratherthan/insteadofpeoplearoundthem,aresuchanindispensablepartintheirdailylifetothepointwheretheyareexcessively/inordinatelyfondoftheirbelovedanimalswhileneglectingthosewhocarethem,whichhasarousedgreatconcernandshouldbegivenenoughconsidera)t.ion Itspeaksvolumesfortheconceptthat(TSindifferenceshouldberuledout,with harmonioussocietyechoedvigorouslynowadaysinchina.)歌頌：先抑后揚(yáng)圖的內(nèi)容原則上用一個(gè)主從句表達(dá),功底。兩句合一句的途經(jīng)：tothepointwhere加以講解excessively/inordinately負(fù)面詞匯,作者的態(tài)度盡在不言中,回避使用Ibelieve,Ithink之類的句式TS+Background02~04:ChinaisentryintoWTO05:Harmonioussociety06:Thehonoranddisgracevalues07~11:Scientificdevelopmentvalues--HumanlifeandecologysystemTS的語(yǔ)言組織WeighAagainstB---在A和B之間權(quán)衡利弊(against:在…的背景下)othepointwhere獨(dú)主with+S+V-ing/V-ed(主謂、動(dòng)賓)OnnoaccountcanweItistimeS+V-edIt無主句……oughttobeweighed/taken/pondered/seriously注意使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，突出TS Whydowelayemphasisonthis?Severalpoints()analyzedbelowmightequipuswith theprofoundmessageofwhatweareheadingfor Tobeginwith,sincewehavetoliveonanon-the-movelifestyle,wearedeniedchancestoshareourfeelingswithourfriendsandrelatives. Inaddition,withsomanydishonestiesrunningaroundoursociety,theindifferencehappened inturnwehavenochoicebuttoenjoythecompanyofpets.Andaboveall,toomanytragediesastotheindifference--seeingsomeoneinmortaldangerwithoutliftingafingertosavehim--putonthestageofourdailylife,whichisthreateningsituationNobetterillustrationofthisviewtouchedonabovecanbetakenthanthecaseaslistedbelow:(○1acrowdofpeopleremainedappallinglynonchalancetothepleaofamother,sinceshefailedtooffertherequiredamountofcashasapricetosaveherdrowningson,thewomanatlastwatchedhersonsinktodeath.)Attheendoftheday,noissueinchinastandsascriticaltobuildupthesocietyinharmonyasironingoutofindifferenceamongpeop.le Kfondoftheirbelovedanimalsdlacerup2為第三段起勢(shì))e附:sAsmanyfamousecologistsputit:數(shù)據(jù)eg：Accordingtothelatestsurveyconductedbyconcerningdepartment,……小結(jié)BenardShow---NoissuestandsascriticaltoAasB.Judgingfromwhathasbeenarguedabove,wehavecometorecognizethattheharmsarisingfromindifferencehasbeen,likePandora’sbox,thecripplingforceofestablishingtheharmonysociety.Itis,therefore,inperativethatsomeeffectivestepsshouldbetakento(○1點(diǎn)主題重復(fù)原則narrowandbridgethegapamongpeople.)Ononehand,(依法治國(guó)thegovernmentshouldmakelawtosetupthesocietyinwhichpeopleliveinharmony.)Ontheotherhand,(依德治國(guó)peopleshouldenhancetheawarenessofcaringeachotherespeciallywhentheywereyoung.)Onlybyundergoingthesemeasures,canwemakeoursociety,wherepeople,evennotknowingeachother,helpamongthem,appealtoeveryone. A寫實(shí)派主講內(nèi)容 aB抽象派B題寬泛型B1-2主題抽象型B1-3主題之大而言之型of 特供鉆石卡學(xué)員, (此內(nèi)容事關(guān)海文機(jī)密,請(qǐng)勿外泄) 請(qǐng)務(wù)必將以下文字爛熟于胸,會(huì)背會(huì)默寫,并用此文結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫05,06年真題. (下劃線部分為結(jié)構(gòu)部分,請(qǐng)勿改變句式結(jié)構(gòu)) 幾幾幾幾g高等數(shù)學(xué)公式(logx),=1axlna1axaaaxaajdxjdxxnnn一200222222ax)0xx)wx雙曲正切:thx==雙曲正切:thx==22222222aa2a1一cosa1一cosasinaaaaa2a1+cosa1+cosasina2高階導(dǎo)數(shù)公式——萊布尼茲(Leibniz)公式："2n2!k!當(dāng)F(x)=x時(shí)，柯西中值定理就是拉格朗日中值定理。M點(diǎn)的曲率：K=lim編a=da=y,編s)0編sds(1+y,2)3.1半徑為a的圓：K=.a定積分的近似計(jì)算：nnann1n一1a3n0n24n一213n一1ar2r函數(shù)的平均值：y=1f(x)dxa均方根：1f2(t)dta12212121uu2xxyyzzaaaabbbxyzxyz–iaxbxjaybykazbz–––代表平行六面體的體積。axbxcxaybycyabzcz=0000000Ax+By+Cz+D平面外任意一點(diǎn)到該平面的距離：d=000(x=x+mt00a2b2c22p2qa2b2c2a2b2c2多元函數(shù)微分法及應(yīng)用?l?lx?y?x?y?zx?y?x?y?zxy多元復(fù)合函數(shù)的求導(dǎo)法：dz?z?u?z?vz=f[u(t),v(t)]dt=?u.dz?z?u?z?v?z?z?u?z?v?z?z?u?z?vu?x?yu?x?y數(shù)的求導(dǎo)公式：=一x，dxFyFF=一x，F(xiàn)zddx2?xF?yFdxyyF=一yFzF=F=?F?v?v?F?u?uJ?xJ?(x?xJ?(x,v)?xJ?(?xJ?(u,x)?yJ?(y?yJ?(y,v)?yJ?(u,?yJ?(u,y)(x=Q(t)GFGvz000000FFFFF}zxxFFFFF}zxxxx方向?qū)Х较驅(qū)?001、過此點(diǎn)的法向量：={F(x,y,z),F(x,y,z),F(x,y,z)}x000y000z000x0000y0000z0000x?l?x?y?l?x?yQ為x軸到方向l的轉(zhuǎn)角。?x?y?x?y多元函數(shù)的極值單位向量。?l?lfxyfx,y)=0，令：f(x,y)=A,f(x,y)=B,f(x,y)=Cx00y00xx00xy00yy00重積分及其應(yīng)用：DD,Djjxp(x,y)d裝jjyp(x,y)d裝MMxyDD平面薄片(位于xoy平面)對(duì)z軸上質(zhì)點(diǎn)M(0,0,a),(a>0)的引力：F={F,F,F}，其中：F=fjjpF=fjjp(x,y)xd裝，x3F=fjjp(x,y)yd裝，y3z3Dx+y2+a2)2xxxxxx(x=rcos9業(yè)||lzrcosQ曲線積分：業(yè)MM000Mz業(yè)xy業(yè)第一類曲線積分(對(duì)弧長(zhǎng)的曲線積分)：La第二類曲線積分(對(duì)坐標(biāo)的曲線積分)：LLLL上積分起止點(diǎn)處切向量的方向角。?x?y?x?y?x?y?x?yDLDL?x?y2?x?y2DL·平面上曲線積分與路徑無關(guān)的條件：x?yPxyQxyG有一階連續(xù)偏導(dǎo)數(shù)，且?Q＝?x?y減去對(duì)此奇點(diǎn)的積分，注意方向相反！·二元函數(shù)的全微分求積：