千里之行，始于足下。第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦英語語言學期末試題練習答案英語語言學練習題

Ⅰ.Matching

MatcheachofthefollowingtermsinColumnAwithoneoftheappropriatedefinitionsinColumnB.

ColumnA

1.displacement

2.langue

3.suprasegmental

feature

4.deepstructure

5.predication

analysis

6.idiolect

7.pidgin

8.mistakes

9.interlanguage10.motivation

11.arbitrariness

12.competence

13.broad

transcription

14.morphology

15.category

16.errors

17.componential

analysis

18.context

19.blending

20.culture

21.learning

strategies

22.selectional

restrictions

23.phrasestructure

rules

24.culture

diffusion

ColumnB

A.Learners’independentsystemofthesecondlanguage,whichis

ofneitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuumorapproximationfromhisnativelanguagetothetarget

language.9

B.Learner’sattitudesandaffectivestateorlearningdrive,

havingastrongimpactonhiseffortsnlearningasecondlanguage.

21

C.Therulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.

23

D.Throughcommunication,someelementsofcultureAenterculture

BandbecomepartofcultureB.24

E.Apersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombines

elementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.

6

F.Aspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesandit

isusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.7

G.Thekindofanalysiswhichinvolvesthebreakingdownof

predicationsintotheirconstituentsargumentsandpredicates.5

H.Theyrefertoconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhat

others.22

I.ThestructureformedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead’s

subcategorizationproperties.4

J.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.

3

K.Thestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesthatgoverntheruleofwordformation.14

L.Theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.2

M.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Itisoneofthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage.1

N.Learner’sconscious,goal-orientedandproblem-solvingbasedeffortstoachievelearningefficiency.10

O.Thetotalwayoflifeofapeople,includingthepatternsofbelief,customs,objects,institutions,techniques,andlanguagethatcharacterizesthelifeofthehumancommunity.20

P.Thecommonknowledgesharedbyboththespeakerandhearer.18

Q.Thewayofwordformationbywhichnewwordsmaybeformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.19

R.Agroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguage,suchasasentence,anounphraseoraverb.15

S.Awayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Thisapproachbelievesthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents.17

T.Theidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.12U.Oneofthepropertiesofhumanlanguage.Itmeansthatthereis

nologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.11

V.Awaytotranscribespeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonly.13

W.Theyreflectgapsinalearner’sknowledgeofthetargetlanguage,notself-corrigible.16

X.Theyreflectoccasionallapsesinperformance.8

Ⅱ.Blank-filling.

Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.

1.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”Thisquotation

isagoodillustrationofthea____natureoflanguage.

Arbitrary

2.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory

isasynchronicstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad____study.Diachronic

3.Chomskydefinesc____astheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherules

ofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.Competence

4.Intheproductionofvowelstheairstreamcomingfromthelungs

meetswithnoo____.Thismarkstheessentialdifferencebetweenvowelsandconsonants.Obstruction

5.Thedifferentphonesthatcanrepresentaphonemeindifferent

phoneticenviroXXXentsarecalledthea____ofthephoneme.

Allophone

6.Allophonesofthesamephonemecannotoccurinthesamephonetic

enviroXXXent.Theyaresaidtobeinc____distribution.

Complementary

7.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentence

ratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi____.Intonation

8.Them____unitofmeaningistraditionallycalledmorpheme.

Minimum

9.I____morphemesareboundmorphemesthatareforthemostpart

purelygrammaticalmarkers,signifyingsuchconceptsastense,number,caseandsoon.Inflectional

10.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontain

threeelements:head,specifier,andc____.Complement

11.Concerningthestudyofmeaning,conceptualistviewholdsthat

thereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto;rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofc____inthemind.concept

12.Thesenserelationbetween“animal”and“dog”iscalledh____.

hyponymy

13.P____referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveaset

ofdifferentmeanings.Polysemy

14.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsis

whetherinthestudyofmeaningthec____ofuseistakenintoconsideration.Context

15.S____referstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofa

particularsocialclass.Sociolect

16.WHOisana____derivedfromtheinitialsof“WorldHealth

Organization”.Acronym

17.AccordingtoHalliday,languagevariesasitsfunctionvaries;

itdiffersindifferentsituations.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeofsituationisar____.

Register

18.Incross-culturalcommunication,someelementsofcultureA

entercultureBandbecomepartofcultureB,thusbringingaboutthephenomenonofculturald____.Diffusion

19.Whilethefirstlanguageisacquireds____,thesecondorforeign

languageismorecommonlylearnedconsciously.Subconsciously

20.Languagea______referstoanaturalabilityforlearninga

secondlanguage.Acquisition

21.Vibrationofvocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsounds

called“v”,whichisafeatureofallvowelsandsomeconsonantsinEnglish.Voice

22.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegment

arecalleds____features.Suprasegmental

23.Morphologyreferstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords

andrulesforwordf____.Formation

24.Theminimalunitofmeaningistraditionallycalledm____.

Morpheme

25.Thesenserelationbetween“autumn”and“fall”iscalled

s____.Synonym

26.H____referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferent

meaningshavethesameform,.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Homonymy

27.Indailycommunication,peopledonotalwaysobservethefour

maximsoftheco-operativeprinciple.Conversationali____wouldarisewhenthemaximsareflouted.Implicature

28.SARSisana____derivedfromtheinitialsof“SevereAcute

RespiratorySyndrome”.Acronym

29.I____isapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthat

combineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.Idiolect

30.RP,theshortformof“R____Pronunciation”referstothe

particularwayofpronouncingstandardEnglish.Received

Ⅲ.Multiplechoice.

Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.

1.____isconsideredtobethefatherofmodernlinguistics.

A.N.Chomsky

B.F.deSaussure

C.LeonardBloomfield

D.M.A.K.Halliday

2.Inthescopeoflinguistics,____formthepartoflanguagewhich

linkstogetherthesoundpatternandmeaning.

A.morphologyandsyntax

B.phoneticsand

semantics

C.semanticsandsyntax

D.morphologyand

semantics

3.____studiesthesoundsfromthehearer’spointofview,.,how

thesoundsareperceivedbythehearer.

A.auditoryphonetics

B.acousticphonetics

C.articulatory

phonetics

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsbeginswithavelarvoicedstop____

A.god

B.boss

C.cock

D.dog

5.Whichofthefollowingwordsendswithadental,voiceless

fricative____

A.rose

B.wave

C.cloth

D.massage

6.Whichofthefollowingwordscontainsaback,openandunrounded

vowel____

A.god

B.boot

C.walk

D.task

7.WhichofthefollowingisNotavelarsound_____

A.[h]

B.[k]

C.[g]

D.[]

8.WhichofthefollowingisNotaminimalpair____

A.bat,bite

B.kill,pill

C.peak,pig,

D.meat,seat

9.Whichofthefollowingisanopenclasswords____

A.email

B.but

C.the

D.they

10.Theunderlinedmorphemesinthefollowingbelongtothe

inflectionalmorphemesexcept____.

A.paints

B.painter

C.painted

D.painting

11.Whichofthefollowingwordshasmorethanthreemorphemes____

A.psychophysics

B.boyfriends

C.forefather

D.

undesirability

12.Thepairofwords“deadandalive”iscalled____.

A.gradableantonyms

B.relationalopposites

C.

complementaryantonyms

13.Whichpairofthefollowingwordscanbecategorizedasstylistic

synonyms____

A.torch&flashlight

B.die&decease

C.amaze&astound

D.luggage&baggage

14.X:Johnhasgivenupsmoking.

Y:Johnusedtosmoke.

Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis____

A.XentailsY

B.XpresupposesY

C.XissynonymouswithY

D.XisinconsistentwithY

15.X:MyfatherhasbeentoLondon.

Y:MyfatherhasbeentoUK.

Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis____

A.XentailsY

B.XpresupposesY

C.XissynonymouswithY

D.XisinconsistentwithY

16.WhenweviolateanyofthemaximsofCo-operativePrinciple,our

languagemightbecome____.

A.impolite

B.incorrect

C.indirect

D.unclear

17.AccordingtoSearl’sclassificationofspeechacts,whichof

thefollowingisaninstanceofdirectives____

A.Ifireyou!

B.Yourmoneyoryourlife!

C.I’msorryforthemessIhavemade.

D.Ih