〔一〕現(xiàn)在分詞1第一頁，共39頁。(1).現(xiàn)在分詞的語法形式現(xiàn)在分詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.其時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化形式與動名詞相同.2第二頁，共39頁。時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成式Doing

havingdonebeingdoneHavingbeendone3第三頁，共39頁。(2)、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能具有形容詞和副詞的特征,可充當成分:表語,定語,賓語補足語,狀語4第四頁，共39頁。1.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在〞使(令)…怎樣.〞如:Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.(encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting….)5第五頁，共39頁。2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示主動意義,它與所修飾的名詞構成主謂關系

Don’twakeupthe

sleeping

boy.=Don’twakeuptheboy

whoissleepingIdon’tknowtheman

writingsomethingoverthere.=Idon’tknowtheman

whoiswritingsomethingoverthere.6第六頁，共39頁。B.說明中心詞所具有的動作功能.譯成〞使(令)…..如何〞.Whendidyouhearthedisappointingnews?=Whendidyouhearthenewsthatcoulddisappointpeople.7第七頁，共39頁。用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者或承受者，形成邏輯上的主謂關系；賓補,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…表示正在進行的意義Lookatthesnowfalling.Wefoundthemreadingintheclassroom.Whenheawoke,hefound

himselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.8第八頁，共39頁。B.作使役動詞的賓補,如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…表示〞使…進行/處于(某種狀態(tài))〞,強調動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?Thejokesetthemalllaughing.Thebosshasthemworkingalldaylong.9第九頁，共39頁。注意:現(xiàn)在分詞不作make,let的賓補Whomadehimdoingthework?Whomadehimdothework?Letmehelpingyou.Letmehelpyou.×√√×10第十頁，共39頁。4.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、條件、結果,讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語。11第十一頁，共39頁。1)作時間狀語,可以表示三個時間概念A.表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生,相當于“assoonas〞引導的時間狀語從句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…=Onhearingthegoodnews,he…12第十二頁，共39頁。B.謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在分詞動作的過程中,表示〞在做某事期間〞相當于由when/while引導的時間狀語從句Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/Whilewalkinginthestreet,Icameacross…13第十三頁，共39頁。C.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時.如:Havingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingwrittenhiscompositionhebegantodohismathhomework.14第十四頁，共39頁。Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhattodonext,hewentto…15第十五頁，共39頁。B.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時.如:Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.Havingwalkedforalongtime,allofusfeltverytired.16第十六頁，共39頁。3)作條件狀語,相當于由if引導的條件狀語從句

(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfind…Standingontopofthemountain,youcanseethevillagemoreclearly.=Ifyoustandontopofthemountain,youcan….17第十七頁，共39頁。4)作讓步狀語,相當于由although/though引導的讓步狀語從句Although/Though

gettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegotupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’trememberit.18第十八頁，共39頁。5)作伴隨狀語(方式狀語),表示同謂語的動作同時發(fā)生,相當于由并列連詞連接的兩個并列動作.Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.注意:只有現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式才可作伴隨狀語,且常放于主句后.19第十九頁，共39頁。6)作結果狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞的動作同謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生.Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.20第二十頁，共39頁?，F(xiàn)在分詞無論作何種狀語,它的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語,句子的主語可能是分詞動作的執(zhí)行者,句子的主語也可能是分詞動作的承受者.但在一些表示說話者態(tài)度的固定表達方式中,分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子的主語是不一致的.這種結構常見的有:1)Generally/strickly/broadly/…+speaking2)Judgingfrom…3)Consideringthat…21第二十一頁，共39頁。Generallyspeaking,menarestrongerthanwomen.(=Ifwearetospeakgenerally,…)Judgingfromhislooks,somethingbadmusthavehappenedtohim.Consideringthatshehasnoexperience,shehasdoneagoodjob.22第二十二頁，共39頁。(3).現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種時態(tài)A.現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing):表示分詞的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生.如:Theystoodthere,talking.Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.23第二十三頁，共39頁。B.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(havingdone):表示分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前.如:Havingdonetheirhomework,theboywenthome.Havingbeentheremanytimes,heknewtheplaceverywell.24第二十四頁，共39頁。(4).現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)當一個現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語是現(xiàn)在分詞動作的承受者,這個現(xiàn)在分詞一般要用被動形式①作名詞的后置定語，表示當時正在進行的被動動作Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在維修的那座樓房是我們的圖書館。Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoutinourlaboratory.25第二十五頁，共39頁。②用作賓語補足語，表示當時正在進行的被動動作You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.26第二十六頁，共39頁。③作狀語,表示當時正在進行的被動動作如：

Beingcooledintheair,thesteelisbecomingharderandharder.注:如果表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生有時需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式(havingbeendone)Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentovisitthedining-room.27第二十七頁，共39頁。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.決定作出后，下一個問題就是如何制定一個好方案現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式無論主動式(havingdone)還是被動式(havingbeendone),在句子中一般只作狀語.28第二十八頁，共39頁。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。①時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時那么用完成式havingdone。②語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關系，是主謂關系或動賓關系。遵循的規(guī)那么“主動進行，被動完成〞。〔----此說法正確嗎？前提是現(xiàn)在分詞)③人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。29第二十九頁，共39頁。高考點擊1.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted30第三十頁，共39頁。2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused31第三十一頁，共39頁。4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．Havingbeenseparated D．Tobeseparated32第三十二頁，共39頁。5.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung33第三十三頁，共39頁。6．ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toform B.formC.forming