虛擬語氣主講人：Nicole虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，表示不可能實現(xiàn)的或是與事實相反的事。A:

If

I

were

a

superhero,

guess

which

one

I

would

be?B:

Ironman?

Superman?

Batman?

Spiderman?A:

Your

man.13從句中的虛擬（should）do含蓄虛擬語氣24If引導的非真實條件句情態(tài)動詞的虛擬虛擬語氣Thebasketballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.If

wehaddriveninturn,youwouldn'thavegotsotired.真實條件句（有可能下雨）非真實條件句（開車已經(jīng)結束）二、If

引導的非真實條件句對現(xiàn)在虛擬If+主語+v-ed主語+would/should/might/could+do

對過去虛擬If+主語+haddone主語+would/should/might/could+havedone

對將來虛擬If+主語+weretodoIf+主語+should

doIf+主語+v-ed

主語+would/should/might/could+do主句和從句針對同一時間進行虛擬：Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,

hewouldbeabletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.IfyouhadgonetolecturelastSaturday,youwouldhavebenefitedalotfromit.

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportmeetingwouldbeputoff.總結（1）找出明顯的時間狀語，確定主句、從句各對應的時態(tài)（2）若無明顯的時間狀語，則根據(jù)已知的形式判斷主、從句相應的形式。練一練If

you

had

told

me

earlier,

I

to

meet

you

at

the

hotel.

A.

hadcome B.

will

havecomeC.

would

come D.

would

have

comeIfwehadhadadequatetimetoprepare,theresults______muchbetter.A.

wouldbe B.were C.hadbeen

D.

would

have

beenDD如果我是你，我會帶把傘2.

如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你3.如果他接受了我的建議，他就不會丟掉他的工作了If

he

had

taken

my

advice,

he

wouldn’t

have

lost

his

job.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldtake

an

umbrella.IfIknew

his

telephone

number,Iwouldtell

you.

翻譯4.

如果我是一只鳥兒，我就可以在天空自由飛翔。5.

如果你接受了我的建議，你早就通過考試了。6.如果他明天來這的話，我就跟他談談

IfI_____(be)abird,I___________(fly)

freelyinthesky.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,you_________________(pass)theexam.Ifhe

came

here

tomorrow,

I

____________(talk)

to

him.couldflywerewouldhavepassedwould

talk

你若化成風，我幻化成雨If

you

were

the

wind,

I

would

be

the

rain.走進歌詞你若成風可惜沒如果如果有來生如果那天我不受情緒挑撥(get

emotional)，你會怎么做？If

I

hadn’t

gotten

emotional

that

day,

what

would

you

have

done?如果有來生(afterlife)，我們就去大草原(prairie)的湖邊If

we

should

have

afterlife,

we

would

go

to

the

lake

on

the

prairie.If引導的非真實條件從句的倒裝用法在If引導的非真實條件從句中，如果從句謂語動詞含有SHE(should/had/were)，則可以省略If，并且把從句中的should/had/were置于從句主語前面，形成部分倒裝語序；主句不變。譯：如果我是一只鳥，我能在空中自由飛翔。IfIwereabird,Icouldflyfreelyinthesky.(對現(xiàn)在的虛擬)WereIabird,Icouldflyfreelyinthesky.譯：如果你采取我的建議，你就能通過這次考試。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.(對過去的虛擬)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,ourdatewouldbeputoff.Shoulditraintomorrow,ourdatewouldbeputoff.(對將來的虛擬)錯綜時間非真實條件句的虛擬語氣Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvicebefore,youwouldbebetternow.如果之前你就聽醫(yī)生的話，現(xiàn)在你就會好多了。(指的是主從句時間不一致)如果你努力學習了，你現(xiàn)在就會非常困If

you

had

worked

hard,

you

would

be

very

tired

now.翻譯1.

—Couldyoutellmehowtodothisexercise?—Well,

ifyou______totheteachercarefullyyesterday,

you

_______howtodoitnow.A.

hadlistened;

wouldknowB.

listened;

wouldhaveknowC.

wouldlisten;

knowD.

haslistened;

knew2.

Hadyoulistenedtome,you_____introublenow.A.arenot

B.werenotC.would

not

be

D.

wouldn’t

have

beenACPractice3.

Ifyou

tomybirthdaypartylastSaturday,youwouldhavemetouroldfriendJim.A．came B．hadcome C．wouldcome D．wouldhavecomeB4.

—Willyougohomeafterthisexamination?—Ofcourse.Butifit

______

raintomorrow,Iwouldn’t.A.will

B.shall

C.would

D.should

DPractice5.

IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he

_______

abletospeakitmuchbetternow.

willbeB.

wouldbeC.

wouldhavebeenD.

hasbeen6.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he________hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.

A.woulddrive B.droveC.wouldhavedrivenD.haddrivenBCPractice二、含蓄虛擬語氣虛擬主句：without,butfor(要不是),or,otherwise(否則)形式與if引導的非真實條件句主句部分虛擬一致?，F(xiàn)在(表示當時未能實現(xiàn)的愿望)：w/s/m/cdo過去(表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的愿望)：w/s/m/chavedone將來(表示未來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望)：w/s/m/cdo譯：魚離開了水就不能生存Withoutwater,fishcouldnotliveanymore.

1.

Withoutwater,we_______

live.could

not

live

B.

can

not

live

C.

had

not

lived

D.

could

not

be

lived2.

Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,I_________thesportsmeeting.willhavetakenpartin

B.

wouldhavetakenpartinC.

havetakenpartin

D.

had

takenpartin小試牛刀AB二、含蓄虛擬語氣2.虛擬從句形式與if引導的非真實條件句從句部分虛擬一致。適用于ifonly(要是…就好了),asif,asthough;

wish/would

rather所在的句子現(xiàn)在(表示當時未能實現(xiàn)的愿望)：ved過去(表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的愿望)：haddone將來(表示未來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望)：would/coulddo、ved譯：我希望你在將來取得成功。Iwishthathemadesuccessinthefuture.小試牛刀1.

Ifonlymymother_____

thediseaseandlivedtillnow.A.

survived B.

had

been

survived

C.

hadsurvived D.

would

survive2.

I

wish

_______

I

those

stupid

words

to

that

girl.had

not

said

B.

would

not

sayC.

did

not

say D.

had

not

been

said3.

IwishI___________(study)historyratherthangeography

whenIwasinuniversity.AChadstudied練一練Lucywishesshe______ajobwithhercousinwhenshehadthechance.A.

hadtaken B.wastaking C.willtake D.havetakenA3.Itis(very/high/about)timethat從句（從句需要用虛擬語氣，即：從句謂語動詞用過去式)。表示：是做...的時候了譯：我們是時候停止砍伐森林。E.G.:Itishightimewestoppedcuttingdowntheforests.我們該回家了It’s

high

time

that

we

went

home.練一練

I

think

it’s

high

time

we

strict

measures

to

stop

pollution.A.

willtake B.

take C.

took D.

havetakenWithoutyourhelp,we_______

somuch.A.

willnotachieve B.didn’tachieveC.don’tachieve D.wouldn’thaveachievedI’dratheryou_______

anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

A.

don’tdo B.didn’tdo C.haven’tdone D.hadn’tdone

CDB三、情態(tài)動詞的虛擬

情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞（1）would/could/might

havedone過去本可以做……但沒做

（2）should/ought

tohavedone過去本應該做…但沒做（3）shouldn’t

havedone過去本不該做……卻做了（4）needn’thavedone本不必要做某事，卻做了。（5）musthavedone過去一定做了某事（表對過去的肯定推測）（6）couldn’thavedone過去一定沒做某事（表對過去的否定推測）

Youcouldhavewonthefirstprizeifyouhavespentmoretimelastnight.如果你昨晚花費更多的時間，你本可以獲得一等獎。Hemusthaveleftyesterday,becauseIcan’tseehiscoat.他昨晚肯定離開了，因為我沒有看見他的外套。翻譯練一練Linda’sscoreonthetestisthehighestinherclass.She

______havestudiedveryhard.A.

may

B.should

C.must D.mightTom________thepartyasnoonesawhimthereyesterdayevening.A.

can’tattend B.mustn’tattendC.won’thaveattended D.couldn’thaveattendedWeenjoyedourselvesverymuchattheparty.You_______withus.A.

musthavecome B.mustcomeC.shouldhavecome D.shouldcomeI

him

last

night,

but

I

was

too

busy.

A.

should

telephone

B.

should

have

telephonedC.

had

to

telephone

D.

ought

to

telephoneCDCB1.沒有你的幫忙，我不可能取得如此大的成就。

2.如果昨天你告訴了我這個事實，我現(xiàn)在會作出更好的決定。

3.我希望我沒有說過那樣的話。

4.沒有水，地球上的植物就不會生長。

Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’t_________(have)such

achievement.Ifyou___________(tell)

methetruthyesterday,I___________(make)

betterdecisionsnow.綜合翻譯練習

IwishI___________(say)

thatwords.Withoutwater,theplantontheearth

________________(grow).have

hadhadtoldwouldmakehadn’tsaidwouldn’tgrow四、從句中的虛擬表示決定、命令、建議、要求的詞所引導的從句中，謂語動詞用(should)+do表示虛擬。結構：主動：(should)+do

被動：(should)+bedone決定：decide,determine命令：order,command建議：advise,suggest,propose,recommend要求：demand,desire,insist,require,request,urge2.用于It

is

+形容詞/過去分詞+從句中，這類形容詞/過去分詞有desired(想要),

desirable(合意的),

urgent,

vital(重要的),

required（注意：以上詞的動詞、名詞和形容詞所引導的從句也要用虛擬語氣）譯：他建議她的女朋友要減肥。Headvisesthathisgirlfriend(should)loseweight.Hisadviceisthathisgirlfriend(should)loseweight.It’sadvisable(可取的)thathisgirlfriend(should)loseweight.他的父母建議他做一下醫(yī)學檢查His

parents

suggested

that

he

_______________(have)

a

medical

examination.(should)

have

練一練1.

The

representative

of

the

company

demanded

that

part

of

the

agreement

revised.

A.

will

be

B.

is

C.

to

be

D.be2.

Hesuggested_______toWudangMountaintogethernextweek.

A.

ustogo

B.wewent

C.weshallgo D.wego3.

Itisrequiredthatanyoneapplyingforadriver’slicense

______asetoftests.

A.

take

B.takes

C.took

D.willtakeDDA練一練It

isvital

that

enoughmoney

tofund

theproject.

A.

iscollected B.becollected C.mustbecollected D.

can

becollectedOurteachersuggestedthateachofus________astudyplanforthelongsummervacation.

A.

make B.made C.willmake D.wouldmakeBA1.

—DidyouvisitthePalaceMuseum?—No.We______it.ButwespenttoomuchtimeshoppinginBeijing.A.can’thavevisitedB.couldhavevisitedC.musthavevisitedD.shouldn’thavevisitedB綜合練習2.

—Don’tyouwanttogotokaraokebarwithus?—IwishI________,

butIhaveanappointment.[來源:

might

B.

could

C.

would

D.

should3.

Ithinkitadvisablethathe_______forTokyosoon.A.

leave

B.

mayleave

C.

willleave

D.

leavesBA4.Butfor

thehelp

of

myEnglishteacher,I_____thefirstprizein

theEnglishWriting

Competition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnot

have

wonC.wouldwin D.wouldhavewon5.Thankyouforall

yourhardworklastweek.Idon’t

thinkwe

______itwithout

you.A.

canmanage

B.

couldhave

managed

C.couldmanage

D.canhavemanagedBB6.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_______. A.wouldsucceed B.hadsucceeded C.shouldsucceed D.wouldhavesucceeded7._____itraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.A.Were B.Had C.should

DC8.Theysuggestedthatthelibrary

______________

openduringthevacation.A.

waskept

B.

wouldbekeptC.

iskept

D.

bekept