Unit1

RoadtoSuccess

Inthisunit,wearegoingto

tellsuccessstoriesanddescribecharacteristicsofsuccessfulpeople

comparepeople’sopinionsaboutsuccessindifferentcultures

identifyfactorsthatleadtosuccess

findorganizationalpatterns,usethecause-effectpatterninwriting,andpaceourspeech

ReadingA

Whatdoyouthinkaguestspeakernormallytalksaboutinacommencementspeech?ReadthetextandfindoutwhatSteveJobssaidinhisspeech.

STAYHUNGRYSTAYFOOLISH

I’mhonoredtobewithyoutodayforyourcommencement.Iwanttotellyouthreestoriesfrommylife.

Thefirststoryisaboutconnectingthedots.WhenIwasatReedCollege,itofferedperhapsthebestcalligraphyinstructioninthecountry.Idecidedtotakeacalligraphyclass.AtthattimenoneofwhatIlearnedaboutcalligraphyseemedtohaveevenahopeofanypracticalapplicationinmylife.ButtenyearslaterwhenweweredesigningthefirstMacintoshcomputer,itallcamebacktome.AndwedesigneditallintotheMac.Itwasthefirstcomputerwithbeautifultypography.Ofcourseitwasimpossibletoconnectthedotslookingforward.Youcanonlyconnectthemlookingforward.Youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.

Mysecondstoryisaboutloveandloss.Iwaslucky—IfoundwhatIlovetodoearlyinlife.WozandIstartedAppleinmyparents’garagewhenIwastwenty.Andthenatthirty,Igotfired.Butsomethingslowlybegantodawnonme—IstilllovedwhatIdid.AndsoIdecidedtostartover.Duringthenextfiveyears,IstartedacompanynamedNeXT.Inaremarkableturnofevents,AppleboughtNeXT,andIreturnedtoApple.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.So,ifyouhaven’tfoundwhatyouhave,keeplooking.Don’tsettle.

Mythirdstoryisaboutdeath.WhenIwas17,Ireadaquotethatwentsomethinglike:“Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwasyourlast,somedayyou’llmostcertainlyberight.”AboutayearagoIwasdiagnosedwithcancer.Mydoctoradvisedmetogohomeandgetmyaffairsinorder,whichisdoctors’codefor“preparetodie.”Lateritturnedouttobecurablewithsurgery.Ihadthesurgeryand,thankfully,Iamfinenow.ThiswastheclosesI’vebeentofacingdeath.Havinglivedthroughit,Icannowsaythistoyou:Yourtimeislimited,sodon’twasteitlivingsomeoneelse’slife.

WhenIwasyoung,therewasanamazingpublicationcalledtheWholeEarthCatalog.Onthebackcoverofthefinalissuewerethewords:“Stayhungry.Stayfoolish.”Itwastheirfarewellmessageastheysignedoff.AndIhavealwayswishedthatformyself.Andnow,asyougraduatetobeginanew,Iwishthatforyou.Stayhungry.Stayfoolish.

Thankyouallverymuch.

PersonalTouch

WhichstoryinSteveJobs’speechimpressesyouthemost?Why?

DiggingIn

Comprehension

I.CompletetheoutlineaccordingtoSteveJobs’speech.

(Introduction)

Openingsentence

Overview:

(Body)

Story1:

Story2:

Story3:

(Conclusion)

Message:

Closingsentence

II.CompletethelifeeventsofJobsaccordingtohisspeechandmatchthemwiththetime.

Time

Lifeevents

1.WhenhewasatReedcollege,

2.Whenhewas20yearsold,

3.TenyearsafterheleftReedCollege,

4.Attheageof30,

5.DuringthefiveyearsafterhewasfiredbyApple,

6.Oneyearbeforehemadethisspeech,

A.Jobsstartedacompanynamed.

B.JobsandhiscolleaguesdesignedMacintosh,thefirstcomputer.

C.Jobswasdiagnosedwith.

D.Jobstooka(n).

E.JobsstartedtogetherwithWoz.

F.JobsbyApple.

III.Answerthequestions.

1.Whichfactor(s)playedakeyroleinmakingJobsstartoverafterbeingfiredbyApple?

2.Howdoyouunderstandthequote“Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwasyourlast,somedayyou’llmostcertainlyberight”?

3.WhatdoyouthinkJobsmeansbysaying“Stayhungry.Stayfoolish”?

VocabularyFocus

I.KeyVocabulary

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwordsandexpressionstocompletethepassage.

application

livethrough

loss

death

amazing

limited

startover

connect

settle

design

SteveJobsgaveacommencementspeechtothegraduatingstudentsatStanfordUniversityin2005.Duringhisspeech,Jobstoldthreestories.Hisfirststorywascalled“thedots.”Inthestory,Jobsadmittedthatcalligraphyhadnopracticalinhiscollegeyears,butthatitlaterbecameimportanttothesuccessofAppleasitwasthefirstcompanythat

computerswithbeautifultypography.Hissecondstorywasaboutloveand.HesharedhisexperienceofgettingfiredbyApple.Hedidnotgiveup.Instead,hedecidedto.HestartedanewcompanyandyearslaterhereturnedtoApple.Helearnedfromthisexperiencethatitwasimportanttokeeplookingandnotto.Inthefinalstory,Jobstalkedabout

.Hewasdiagnosedwithcancer.Luckily,hissurgerywassuccessfulandhesurvived.Having

cancer,herealizedthattimewasandshouldn’tbewasted.Jobsconcludedhisspeechwithwordsheoncereadina(n)magazine:“Stayhungry.Stayfoolish.”

II.WordPartners:Verb+off

1.Underlinephrasalverbswithoffinthesentencesandexplainthemeaningofoffineachphrase.

e.g.Charlesworksreallyhardatfootball.Hisfatherdropshimoffatfootballpracticeat5p.m.everyafternoon.

off:awayfromacertainplace

(1)Onthebackcoverofthefinalissuewerethewords:“Stayhungry.Stayfoolish.”Itwastheirfarewellmessageastheysignedoff.

(2)Afterfinishingthereport,Shellyshutoffthecomputerandtookashortrest.

(3)Afterthedebate,shewenthometosleepoffherheadache.

Thewordoffcanbeusedafterverbstoformphrasalverbs.Inphrasalverbs,offhasavarietyofmeanings.Forexample:

1)awayfromacertainplace

ThechairmanissettingoffforNewYorktomorrowtoattendabusinessmeeting.

2)insuchawayastobeseparated

Aftertheplayended,thedirectortookoffhishatandgreetedeverybodyinthetheatre.

3)insuchawayastobringsomethingtoanend

ThespeakerroundedoffthespeechwithsomequotesfromMarkTwain.

4)insuchawayastogetridofsomething

Heissuchatoughperson.Heisalwaysabletolaughoffdifficulties.

5)outofoperation

Thewriterturnedoffhermobilephoneandgotdowntowork.

2.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthephrasalverbsgiveninthebox.

laughoff

driveoff

takeoff

turnoff

1.Thedoctorhisjacketandputonthewhitecoatassoonashearrivedattheoffice.

2.Aftergivingathank-youspeechonbehalfofthewholeteam,thechorusleaderthemicrophoneandshookhandswiththeaudience.

3.Hearingthatshewasgoingtogetthescholarship,Tammytoherbestfriend’shousetocelebrate.

4.Thesoldierswerebraveenoughtotheirpain.

GrammarinUse

-ing/-edforms3—usedascomplements

I.Readthesentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlined-ingand-edforms.Whatfunctionsdotheyserve?

1.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeepsmegoingisthatIlovewhatIdo.

2.Afterworkingnon-stopfortwentyhours,thephysicianwenttobedtiredandhungry.

3.Janewassomewhatdisappointedtofindhersuggestionsturneddown.

4.Thechildwasfoundwritingonthegroundwithastick.

GrammarHighlights

The-ingand-edformsofaverbcanbeusedascomplementstomodifysubjectsorobjectsofsentences.Forexample:

Thelecturerwasheardpractisinghisspeechinthenextroom.(Subjectcomplement)

Theathletewentawayquitesatisfiedwiththersultofthematch.(Subjectcomplement)

Hefoundthestoryoftheinnocentprisonerveryexciting.(Objectcomplement)

Theylookedforanexpertandfinallyhadtheproblemsolved.(Objectcomplement)

AllafternoonAmyworkedinthestudywiththedoorlocked.(Objectcomplement)

II.Fillintheblankswiththe-ingor-edformsoftheverbsinbrackets.

1.Thewriterwantshisnewnovel(display)atthebookfair.

2.Thecomicstarcouldfeelhisheart(beat)fastduringtheinterview.

3.Itwasfriendshipthatkeptme(go)duringmyhardesttime.

4.Afteralongday’swork,thelawyerlayinbedwitheyes(close).

5.Theprofessorwasseen(do)anexperimentinthelabaftermidnight.

III.Fillintheblankswiththe-ingor-edformsoftheverbsgiveninthebox.Thencircletheonesthatareusedascomplements.

publish

get

recognize

marry

inspire

sell

respect

write

PhillisWheatleywasoneofthebest-knownpoetsinpre-19thcenturyAmerica.ShewasborninAfrica.Aroundtheageofseven,shewasasaslavetoJohnandSusannahWheatleyinBoston.Oneday,Philliswasfoundonthewallwithchalk,butshewasnotpunished.Instead,shewastaughttoreadandwrite.Shereadalotofbooksaboutancienthistoryandstories,andfoundthemquiteforwriting.

Phillisstartedwritingpoemswhenshewasonlythirteen.Herfirstpoemwaspublishedin1767inanewspaper.Afewyearslater,shemanagedtogetacollectionof39poems.ItwasknownasthefirstbookwrittenbyanAfricanAmericanpoet.Withhertalent

bymoreandmorepeople,Phillisbecamehonouredand.

WhentheWheatleyspassedaway,Phillisbecameafreewoman.In1778,shegot

toJohnPeters,afreeblack,andmovedawayfromBoston.LifebecameverydifficultforPhillisandherhusband.Duetoracialdiscrimination,itwasveryhardforthemtofindjobs.Withthings

worse,shemadethedecisiontomovebacktoBoston.Shebecameveryillandpassedawaythere.Afterherdeath,peoplecontinuedtopublishherpoemsandletters.Todaypeoplestillstudyandreadherwritings.

ListeningandViewing

Teens’UnderstandingofSuccess(Report)

I.Discussthequestions.

1.Whichwordsorexpressionsintheboxbelowdoyouthinkbestdescribethecharacteristicsofsuccessfulpeople?

wealthy

famous

havingagoodjob

well-educated

hard-working

happy

satisfied

strong-minded

havinglovedones

influential

2.Whatothercharacteristicsdoyouthinksuccessfulpeopleusuallyhave?

II.Listentothereportandchoosethebestanswer.

Whatisthestudymainlyabout?

A.Teenagers’definitionofasuccessfullife.

B.Teenagers’relationshipwiththeirfamilies.

C.Whatkindofteenagerscanachievesuccess.

D.Howteenagerscanfindagoodjobandmakemoney.

III.Listenagainandcompletethesummaryofhesurvey.

Respondents:teenagersaged13to

Question:Whatmakessomeonesuccessfulinlife?

Findings:

1.Elementsofasuccessfullife:

enjoyinghappinessand(15percentofteens)

fulfillingone’s(percentofteens)

havingagood(percentofteens)

havingaandmakingmoney(percentofteens)

2.Relationshipamongtheelements:

Theelementsofasuccessfullifearetooneanother.

IV.Answerthequestions.

Doyouthinkpeoplewhoarefamousandwealthyaresuccessful?Whyorwhynot?

ASignificantPredictorofSuccess(Talk)

I.Matchthewordstothedefinitions.

1.significant

A.difficult

2.predictor

B.result

3.outcome

C.anareawithfeaturesthatmakeitdifferentfromotherareas

4.military

D.arunningraceofslightlyover26miles

5.tough

E.oforrelatingtosoldiers,armsorwar

6.neighbourhood

F.important

7.marathon

G.somethingthatcanshowwhatwillhappeninthefuture

II.Watchthevideoandchoosethebestanswer.

1.Thespeakerisa.

A.schoolteacher

B.psychologist

C.medicalexpert

D.reporter

2.Thespeakerandherteammainlystudied.

A.childreninmilitaryschools

B.peopleinchallengingsituations

C.participantsinnationalcompetitions

D.peoplewhoworkintoughneighbourhoods

III.Watchagainandfillintheblanks.

1.Inherstudy,thespeakeraskedthefollowingquestions:

Whichteachersarestillinteachingtheschoolyear?

Who’llbethemosteffectiveatlearningoutcomesfortheirstudents?

Whichofthesalespeopleisgoingto?

Who’sgoingtothemostmoney?

2.Thespeakerandherteamfoundthatasignificantpredictorofsuccessisgrit.

Accordingtoher,apersonwithgritissomeonewho

hasandperseveranceforverylong-termgoals.

hasstamina.

hisorherfutureforyearsandworksreallyhardtomakethatfuture

.

liveslifelikeit’samarathon.

IV.Discussandanswerthequestion.

Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Gritislivinglifelikeit’samarathon”?

MovingForward

SharingYourOwnSecretstoSuccess

NOTICE

Date:10Match

Time:3p.m.-4p.m.

Place:Room306,Building6

We’llholdaclassmeetingon“MySecretstoSuccess”thisweek.Youareexpectedtoshareyourownsecretstosuccessinacertainfield.Lookingforwardtoyourparticipation.

TheClassCommittee

I.Writing:Writingaboutyoursecretstosuccess

Readthenoticeabove.Reflectonasuccessfulexperienceandwritedownyourownsecretstosuccess.

Step1:Reflectonyourachievements.Picktheoneyouaremostwillingtoshareandthenlistatleasttreefactorsthatcontributetothisachievement.Youmayuseacause-effectdiagramtoorganizeyourthoughts.

EXAMPLE

Causes(HowImadetheachievement):

1.Iwrotemymainpointsoncuecards.

2.Ipractisedagainandagainbeforegivingthespeech.

3.IbreatheddeeplyseveraltimesbeforeIbeganthespeech.

Effect(WhatIhaveachieved):

Ihaveovercomemyfearofpublicspeaking.

Step2:Writeaparagraphof80-100wordsusingthecause-effectpattern.Youmayfirstintroducetheachievementthatyouhavemadeandthenexplainthereasonsbehindit.

UsefulExpression

Thereareseveralreasons/factors/causesfor...

Onepossiblefactoris...

Severalfactorleadto...

Anotherpossiblefactoris...

Thefirstis...

Duetothesereasons...

Thesecondis...

Asaresult...

II.Speaking:Givingatalktoshareyoursecretstosuccess

Giveatalkon“MySecretstoSuccess”toyourclassmatesbasedontheparagraphyouhavewrittenabove.

Afewtipsforyourtalk:

1.Startyourtalkwithsimplewords.Youmaygreetyouraudiencebrieflyorstartwithanythingrelatedtothetopic.

2.Brieflyintroducetheachievementyouhavemade.

3.Explainhowyoumadetheachievement.

4.Endyourtalkwithasummaryoranythingthathelpstoleaveanimpressionontheaudience.Iftimepermits,youmayalsoinvitequestionsfromtheaudience.

5.Notethatyourspokenlanguageshouldbeabitdifferentfromyourwrittenlanguage.

Spokenlanguageisgenerallylessformalandmorecommunicativethanwrittenlanguage.

ReadingB

MALARIAFIGHTER’SPATHTONOBELPRIZE

In2015,Tuyouyou,an84-year-oldwoman,becamethefirstChinesescientisttowintheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.

BorninNingboin1930,YouyouwasnamedafteraverseintheBookofSongs.WhensheleftNingboandheadedtoChina’scapitaltofurtherherstudiesin1951,Tuchosemedicine.AftergraduatingfromtheSchoolofMedicineatPekingUniversityfouryearslater,TustartedtoworkatChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine(nowChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences).ThenshegotmarriedandsettleddowninBeijing.

In1969,everythingchangedwhenTuwastaskedwithsearchingforanewmalariatreatmentinnature.ShewenttoHainan,wherethediseasewaswidespread.InthehotandwetrainforestsofsouthernChina,Tustudiedthedisease.

ItwasinancientChinesemedicinethatTufoundthekeytobeatingthedisease.BackinBeijing,TuandherteamexaminedhundredsofbooksabouttraditionalChinesemedicineandinterviewedmanyexperiencedChinesemedicaldoctorstogatherthenecessaryinformation.Shecollectedover2,000prescriptions,summarizing640oftheminasinglecollectionofanti-malarialprescriptions.AfterlonghardresearchTu’steamfoundtheanswerinanancientmedicalbook,writtenbyGeHong(284-364)oftheEastJindynasty,whichstatedthatsweetwormwood(Qinghao)wasatreatmentformalaria.

Tu’steamstartedrunningtestsontheplant.Atfirst,theresultsweremixed.Butaftermuchpersistence,theyfoundsomethingintheplantthatcouldtreatmalaria—artemisinin.Theytesteditonanimals,butwerenotsatisfiedastheresultswerenotconclusive.Inordertospeeduptheprocess,Tudecidedtotestartemisininonherself.“Asheadofthisresearchgroup,itwasmyduty,”shesaid.Thetreatmentworkedandwassafeforhumans.ArtemisininbecameanimportanttoolinthefightagainstmalariainAfricaandAsia.Thankstothisdiscovery,millionsoflivesweresaved.

“Ofcourse,thediscoverywasareallyhappymomentinmycareerasaresearcher,”Tusaid.Amodestperson,TuspeaksofhertraininginChinesemedicineandthehelpofherteamasthereasonsforhersuccess.However,itwasherpassionatecommitmenttofindingacurethatmadethestruggleworthwhile.

NOTES

1.“Youyou”referstothesoundthatadeermakestocallotherdeer.

2.BookofSongs,alsoClassicofPoetry,isacollectionofancientChinesepoetry.

ComprehensionPlus

I.Completethetablewitheventsfromthetext.

Time

Events

1930

1951

1969

2015

II.Answerthequestions.

1.WhydidTuyouyougotoHainantostudymalaria?

2.WheredidTu’steamfindthekeytobeatingmalaria?

3.WhydidTudecidetotestartemisininonherself?

4.TheauthorusesnumberswhenintroducingTu’swork.Whatdothesenumberstellus?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,itwasT