UNIT4AdversityandCourage

A組?基礎(chǔ)鞏固

I.語法填空

A

TodaywcknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironment1.(contain)iceandsnow.

Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareawasverydifferentinthepast,2.was

foundinsideapieceofEarthsediment(沉淀物)gatheredbyresearchers3.underthe

seaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.

Inthesediment,they4.(find)forestsoilestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold

andthiswouldhavebeenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainland5.

(animal).JohannKIages,whowastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings6.

(publish)inthejournalNature,saidthesedimentcollectionwasfrom7.depth

ofabout30metresbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerial

formedonland,notintheocean.

TheresearchrepresentsnewevidenceofthemajorclimatechangesEarthhasexperiencedin

(hepast—andis8.(current)undergoingtoday.Theresearcherssaidthat(herainforest

environmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprisingbecauseeachyearthearea9.

(experience)afour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klages

saidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,but10.(season)snowfallwaslikely.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究人員從南極洲海岸附近的海底收集的一塊泥土沉

積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)：這些沉積物是在陸地上形成的，而不是在海洋中。

1.containing考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已用謂語動詞，此處應(yīng)用非

謂語動詞。主語Antarctica和動詞contain之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語，故填

containingo

2.which考查定語從句。句中包含非限制性定語從句，先行詞是evidence,在定語從

句中作主語，只能用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。

3.from考查介詞。此處表示“從，來自"，故填from。

4.found考查動詞時態(tài)。此處講述研究泥土沉積物的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是過去發(fā)生的事，與上下

文時態(tài)一致，用一般過去時，故填found。

5.animals考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。animal是可數(shù)名詞，與主語dinosaurs和系動詞were

保持一致應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填animals。

6.published考查過去分詞。句中findings和動流publish之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過

去分詞，表示這些發(fā)現(xiàn)被公布，故填published。

7.a考查冠詞。此處指收集的沉積物來自海床下大約30米的深度，adepthof..“……

的深度”。故填a。

8.currently考查副詞。修飾動詞"undergoing”用副詞，故填currently。

9.experiences考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中時間狀語“eachyear”可知，用一

般現(xiàn)在時；主語thearea表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填experiences。

10.seasonal考查形容詞。此處表示季節(jié)性降雪，修飾名詞snowfall用形容詞，故填

seasonal0

B

TodayIspenttimetalkingtoanoldfriendaboutsomeofthe1.(choose)thatwshave

madeinourlives.Webothagreethatlifehas2.(actual)beengoodtous.Andwearevery

3.(thank)forwhatwehavebeenblessedwith.

TodayIwouldlikeyoutothinkaboutyourjourneyandwhereyouseeyourselfin4.

nextfiveyears.Doyouseethatyouhavebecomeexactlywhoyousetouttobe?Iworkonmygoals

becauseIamexcitedaboutthatopportunity.

However,Idorealisethatsometimeslifecanget5.thewayofourgoals.I

rememberwhenmyfriend6.(decide)tobuyherfirsthome,shewasreadyandhad

everything7.(prepare).Butduringthattimeherfatherdiedandshehadtomovehome8.

(help)takecareofhermother.Hergoalwasdelayed,9.shedidn'tgiveitup

completely.Andthat'sexactlythekeytothisall.Inordertcachieveyourgoals,youhavetokeep

workingon10.(they).

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)并將其實(shí)現(xiàn)。

1.choices考查名詞。由空前的定冠詞the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞形式；由空前的some

可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填choices。

2.actually考查副詞。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用副詞actually修飾形容詞good,在句

中作狀語。

3.thankful考查形容詞。根據(jù)空前的are可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，故填thankful。

4.the考查冠詞。inthenextfiveyears”在未來五年內(nèi)“，為固定用法，故填the。

5.in考查介詞。getinthewayofsth.意為“阻止某事發(fā)生”，為固定短語，故填in。

6.decided考查動詞的時態(tài)。由下文的was可知，此處描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一

般過去時，故填decided。

7.prepared考查非謂語動詞。“have+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”為固定用法，且everything與prepare

之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示“完成或解決某事

8.tohelp考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式表示目的。故填tohelpo

9.but考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處前后句表示黃輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。

10.(hem考查代詞。根據(jù)上文中的goals可知，此處用代詞ihey的賓格形式。

II.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子

I.沒有空氣的話，人類將不能在地球上生存。（Without構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣）

Withoutair,mancvuldi'Lexistontheearth.

2.好好養(yǎng)這些花，鄰居們會羨慕你的花園的。（envy）

Treattheflowersrightandyourgardenwillbetheenvyoftheneighbours.

3.我很榮幸在這里和大家交流在高中要學(xué)習(xí)什么的看法。（ilis+〃.+1。do）

ItismyhonourtobeheretosharewilhycumyODinionsaboutwhattolearninsenior

highschool.

4.盡管他們遇到了一些困難，但他們并不打算放棄執(zhí)行這個計(jì)劃。（abandon）

Despitesomedifficulties,they'renotgoingtoabandoncarryingIhuplan.

5.他在會上提出的建議如此不切實(shí)際以至于被立刻駁回了。（so…thatturndown）

Thesuggestionsthatheputforwardatthemeetingweresoimpractica】」hat

theywerelurneddownimmedialely.

B組?能力提升

I.閱讀理解

PatPatterson,apilotfor25years,hadnevermetanyonelikethehandsomeyoungmanin

（hewheelchairwhofacedhimattheMedford,OregonairportonJuly28,1976.MikeHenderson,

aquadriplegic（四肢癱瘓者），wantedflyinglessons.

Asa22-ycar-oldCoastGuardsmaneightyearsbefore,Hendersonhadfallenoffadockand

landedonafloatinglog,breakingtwoofhisbones.Doctorssaidthathewouldprobablynever

walkagain,letalonefly."Herewasthisdoctortellingmehowitwasgoingtobe,“hesays,“butno

onewasgoingtolimitmyfreedomtotry.”

Hendersonparkedhiswheelchairnexttotheairplaneandbegantoclimbupontothewing.He

injuredhiselbowontheway,andafteragreatstruggle,finallymanagedtopulihimselfintothe

airplane'spilofsseat.Intheflightoffice,PatPattersonwatchedindisbelief."Hecrawledhisway

upthatwing!”hesays."Ittookhim45minutes.WhenIwentout,hewassittinginthepilot'sseat,

bleedingfromhisinjuredelbowallovertheplace.WhenIsawhimgothroughthatmuchpain,I

knewnothingcouldstophim.”

Noweverythingwasuptoiheinstructorandthestudent,andtogethertheysetaboutsolving

eachproblemasitarose.AsmallpieceofcarpetgaveHendersontraction（摩擦力）toclimbthe

slipperywing.Aheadsetfreedhishandsfromtheradiomicrophone,andthetwomendevelopeda

movingbarthatenabledHendersontooperatetheairplanemoreeasily.

Threeweeksandeightflyinghoursafterthefirstlesson,HendersonandPattersonhappily

phonedDrStoddard—Henderson'sphysician.Attheairport,asthephysicianlookedon,

Hendersonquicklywheeledhimselfaroundtheairplane,doingathorough,professionalground

check.WithPallcisunandDiSluddaidunbuaid,liewentihiuuglihispiclliglilinsliuinciilcheck.

II.七選五

Smartwatchesandfitnesstrackers（健身追蹤器）havegainedpopularityrecently.Thesetools

canrecordyourdailysteps,heartrates,etc.]Ifyes,itmightbeasignthatyou'readdictedto

yourfitnesstracker.

2Ifyoukeepsettingunrealisticdailygoalsthatinvolveworkingoutfortoolong,andif

youbegintoignorefriendsandresponsibilitiestomaketimeforyourworkout,thenyou'remost

probablyaddictedtoyourfitnesstracker.

It'sastruggletoovercometheaddictiontofitnesstrackers.3Forexample,thenumberin

yoursmartwatchshowinghowfaryou'vecomecangiveyouasenseofachievement.

Ofcourse,failingtomeetyourdailygoalcanbediscouraging.Youmightfocusonyour

shortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.Anotherproblemis（hatyoumightfindyourselfpayingtoo

muchattentiontothestepnumberratherthanhowyourbodyfeels.4

Therefore,ifyou'respendingtoomuchtimelookingatyoursmartwatch,limityourdailystep

counttoacomfortablelevel.5Forexample,concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocialisingwith

friendscanbeagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings.

A.Don'toveruseyoursmartwatch.

B.Itdoesn'tconveywhatyou'rereallyfeeling.

C.Afterall,reachingadailystepcountcanbesoappealing.

D.Howcanyoutellwhetheryou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker?

E.Actually,thisaddictiontostepcountcanberisky,mentallyandphysically.

F.However,doyoufindyourselfcheckingyourstepsandheartratestoooften?

GBesides,youcanfindotherthingstodothatdon'tinvolvecheckingyourfitnesstracker.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章指出了對健身追蹤器上癮的現(xiàn)象，分析了產(chǎn)生的

原因、對精神和身體的影響，并給出了一些建議。

1.F根據(jù)下一句"Ifyes,itmightbeasignthatyou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker”以及

上一句"Thesetoolscanrecordyourdailysteps,heartrates,etc.”可知，此句是一個疑問句，且此

處內(nèi)容與“查看步數(shù)和心率”有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)F符合題意。故選F。

2.D根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，此處內(nèi)容與''如何判斷你有可能對健身追蹤器上癮”有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)

D符合題意。故選D。

3.C根據(jù)下——句“Forexample,thenumberinyoursmartwatchshowinghowfaryou've

comecangiveyouasenseofachievement.”可知，此處內(nèi)容與“查看每天走了多少步是有吸引力

的”有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。故選C。

4.E根據(jù)上文“Youmightfbcusonyourshortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.Another

problemisthatyoumightfindyourselfpayingtoomuchattentiontothestepnumberratherthan

howyourbodyfeels.”可知，此句位于段末，且此處內(nèi)容與“對步數(shù)上癮會給精神和身體帶來影

響”有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)E符合題意。故選E。

5.G根據(jù)下一句"Forexample,concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocialisingwithfriendscan

beagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings.”可知，此處內(nèi)容與''做一些與檢查健身追蹤器無

關(guān)的事情”有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)G符合題意。故選G。

III.完形填空

(2020?山東濱州五校聯(lián)考)InJanuarythisyear,afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossi

Heiman'sFishMarketinBoroughPark,Brooklyn.The]madeYossiHeimanhavenoplaceto

operatehisbusinessandnoabilitytoget2.

ThemerchantSheaLangsamownsa(n)3store,justafewblocksaway.Onewouldhave

4_thatsympatheticashemaybetohiscompetitor'sbadluck、hewouldwelcomethisopportunity

to5newcustomersandincreasehisbusiness.6,Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.

Whenhelearnedofthefire,he7thephoneandcalledYossiHeiman.Notonlydidhe_8

himbutwhenheheardYossisayhewouldneedafacilityanddeliver9tohiscustomers,he

said,"Don'tworry!Whynotjoinmeinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldherebuilt?Asfellow

communitymembers\vcallshouldtrytohelpeachother."SheadidashepromisedandYossi10

hislosses.

Thestoryiswonderfulandit'sa(n)11ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartof

onefamily,puttingneedsofothers12(heirownneeds.Businessmenusuallywanttomake

moremoneyorgrowtheir13butthestoryis14:It'satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaith

andgreatkindness.Realfaithmeans15othersandhavingaheartofcompassion(同情)and

mercylikeShea.

1.A.explosionB.battle

C.accidentD.campaign

2.A.attentionB.assistance

C.informationD.income

3.A.similarB.mysterious

C.onlineD.outdoor

4.A.explainedB.agreed

C.complainedD.thought

5.A.treatB.acquire

C.dependD.give

6.A.MoreoverB.Therefore

C.InsteadD.Though

7.A.pickedupB.hungup

C.repairedD.provided

8.A.doubtB.comfort

C.turnD.laugh

9.A.serviceB.spirit

C.ordersD.notes

10.A.heldB.checked

C.reportedD.cut

11.A.exampleB.reminder

C.challengeD.guide

12.A.becauseofB.aheadof

C.outofD.asfor

13.A.dutyB.fame

C.interestD.business

14.A.exceptionalB.boring

C.ridiculousD.old

15.A.respectingforB.agreeingwith

C.takingcontrolofD.caringfor

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是YomsiHeiman在店鋪遭遇火災(zāi)事故后沒

有地方經(jīng)營他的生意，也沒有能力獲得收入。后來他得到了商人SheaLangsam的幫助。這個

故事啟迪我們：真正的信仰意味著關(guān)心他人，有一顆像Shea一樣的憐憫之心。

1.C根據(jù)空前的“afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman'sFishMarket”可

知，此處指這次“事故”造成的后果。故選C。

2.D根據(jù)空前的“noplacetooperatehisbusinessar.dnoability”可知，此處指沒有了“收

人”。故選D。

3.A根據(jù)空后的“store,justafbwblocksaway”可知，Shea有一家“類似的”店鋪。故選A。

4.D根據(jù)空前的“Onewould”可知，此處指人們會，以為故選D。

5.B根據(jù)空前的“welcomethisopportunityto”和空后的“newcustomers”可知,此處指“獲

得“新客戶的機(jī)會。故選及

6.C根據(jù)空后的“Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.”可知，此處與上文是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

故選C。

7.A根據(jù)下文中的“calledYossiHeiman”可知，此處指“拿起”電話。故選A。

8.B根據(jù)空后的“hesaid,'Don、worry!’"可知，他在“安慰”Yossi。故選B。

9.C根據(jù)“deliver9lohiscustomers”,可知，此處指給客戶送“訂單”。故選C。

10.D根據(jù)空后的“hislosses”可知，此處指“減少”了損失。故選D。

11.A根據(jù)空后的“ofseeingfellowcommunitymeintersaspartofonefamily”可知，此處表

示這是一個“例子”。故選A。

12.B根據(jù)“puttingneedsofothers12theirownneeds”可知，此處指把別人的需要放

在“前面故選B。

13.D根據(jù)空前的“Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir…”可知，

此處指商人發(fā)展自己的“生意故選Do

14.A根據(jù)空后的"It'satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.”可知,這是一

個''不尋常的”故事。故選A。

15.D根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指“關(guān)心”他人。故選D。

N.語法填空

AgrapeseedthatfallsintothesoilofXinjiangisveryfortunateasXinjiangisI.

(well)suitedforgrowinggrapesthananywhereelse.Here,agrapeseedcangrowtoitsfullpotential.

Withthehighaliiludes(海/),longperiodsofdryweatherandabundantsunshine,Xinjiang

producesfruitswith2.(extreme)highsugarcontent.Everyfall,alargenumberofgrapes

areshippedfromXinjiangtootherpartsofChina,andtherest3.(make)intoraisinsfor

easystorage.

InthevineyardsofMoyu,thanks4.thehotanddryclimate5.results

frombeingsuiToundedbythedesert,hugequantitiesoflargeandjuicygrapeswithverythinskins

arcproduced.Thesegrapesbringwealthaswellastheirdelicious6.(sweet)tothelocals.

Inmid-September,whentheirSeedlessWhilegrapes7.(ripe),localfarmersare

busypickinggrapestobetransportedtootherpartsofthecountry.8.(bunch)ofglowing

whitegrapeshangonthevines,waitingtobepicked.Ifyoupick9.andputitinyour

mouth,youwillsurelyneverforgetthewonderfultaste10.(produce)bytheburningsun

andthedesertwindofsouthernXinjiang.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹