第6講體裁微解——記敘文

記敘文是以寫入、記事、狀物為主要內(nèi)容，以記敘和描寫為表達(dá)方式的文章。一篇記敘

文，無論長短都應(yīng)該是一個完全獨立的事實，描寫人物、地點、事件和過程，表達(dá)作者的某

種情感。主要具有以下特點：

選材新穎、生動、真實、典型的素材描寫，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺。

記敘文應(yīng)該包括六要素，即：時間、地點、人物、起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果?？梢园词?/p>

內(nèi)容

件發(fā)生的時間順序?qū)?，也可以按事件發(fā)生的先后寫。

形式順敘、倒敘、插敘。

一般過去時為主，各種時態(tài)為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動詞時態(tài)是英語記敘

語言文首要的語言特征；多用動詞，尤其是動態(tài)強的行為動詞是英語記敘文又一個明

顯的語言特征。

命題主要集中在多個事件的先后順序與人物的情感態(tài)度上。

高考英語記敘文設(shè)題主要集中在細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題，因此，閱讀這類文章時，應(yīng)

該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，一方面要依據(jù)文章的順序和故事的發(fā)展弄清一系列事件的

先后順序以及它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，必要時可以對事件進(jìn)行排序；另一方面，還要根據(jù)人物

的處境和描寫、議論時所用的特定詞語來準(zhǔn)確把握人物的情感與態(tài)度，做到入情入境，特別

要留意描寫和議論時所用的形容詞和副詞。具體答題策叫如下：

策略指導(dǎo)技法解讀

弄清六要素何人、何時、何地，因何原因做了何事，結(jié)果如何，有何啟示或感想。

弄清寫作目的證明一個觀點；贊美某種美德；譴責(zé)某種罪惡；提供娛樂。

關(guān)注開頭和結(jié)尾把握事情的動向，尾段經(jīng)常是主題的升華所在。

關(guān)注情感主線分析事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，弄清人物關(guān)系，透析文章的情感主線。

（2022?浙江1月-A）

Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaselfemployedpettransportspecialist.Herpet

transportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危機）inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhitthereal

estate（房t也產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbroke

andleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwandering

on（heroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasa

lovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelongfbrMerebethtodecidetodrivethe

dog（hereherself.ltwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.

Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.lthastakenhertoeverystateinthe

USexceptMontana.WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,

shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriven

through55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteout

conditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadato

Californiawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.As

soonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCalifornia

coast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoffroadbiking.

Itturnsoutthatpcttransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.She

doesn'tworkinsummer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithair

conditioning.Asautumnes,shegetsrestless—thesameoldwanderlustreturning,lt*sacallshe

musthandlealone,though.Merebethsays,“WhenI'montheroadI'injustinmyownworld.T

vealwaysbeenindependentspiritedandIjustfeelstronglytliatImusthelpanimals.0

語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述Merebeih從事的新工作。近十年來，她一直是一名

自營寵物運揄專家。

21.WhydidMerebethchangeherjob?

A.Shewantedtoworknearherhome.

B.Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.

C.HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.

D.Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.

答案D

解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshe

hadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanew

job.”可知，Merebeth之所以換工作，是因為她以前的雇主破產(chǎn)了。故選D。

22.Thewordwanderlustinparagraph2meansadesireto.

A.makemoney

B.tryvariousjobs

C.beclosetonature

D.traveltodifferentplaces

答案D

解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞后兩句“她自豪地說，除了蒙大拿州、華盛頓州和俄

勒岡州，她走遍了美國所有的州。如果她想去一個新的地方，她只需要在那里找到一個有運

輸需要的寵物。她風(fēng)雨尢阻地旅行?！笨芍?，畫線詞的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”O(jiān)

故選D。

23.WhatcanwclearnaboutMcrcbcthinhernewjob?

A.Shehaschancestoseerareanimals.

B.Sheworkshardthroughouttheyear.

C.Shereliesonherselfthewholetime.

D.Sheearnsabasicandtaxfreesalary.

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“WhenI'montheroadI'mjustinmyownworld」'

vcalwaysbeenindcpcndcntspiritcdandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.w可知,

Merebelh在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故選C。

A

Reilly,mydaughter,syellowLabradorRetriever,enjoyslifeinthecountry.Hc，sfriendly,

playfulandintelligent.Reillyhasanactivelifestyle.Buthe'sbuiltlikeatankasafoodie.Reilly

watcheseverypiecethatgoesfromourhandstoourmouths.Dropit.andwedon'tstandachance

ofbeatinghimtoit.lt'sgoneinoneswallow.

Ifwe'repreparingdinnerandignoringhim,hecatchestheedgeofhiswidemouthed

chccscballfarwithhisjawsintothekitchen.Hishopeisthatsomeonewilldropdoggietreatsinhis

jar.Hedropsitwithaloudnoiseontothehardwoodfloor.Reilly,shungry,yousee.He*salways

hungry.Nobodywillrefusetotreathim.Thcnhewilltakethejarawayanddropitonthefloorso

thatthetreatsbounceout,andhethrowshimselfontothemasfastaslightning.Helovesthisgame!

Oneday,Reillydisappeared,andmydaughterErindidn?tknowwherehewent.Heisn't

allowedtoleavetheyard,andusuallyhedoesn't.Buthedidthatday.Erinwasworriedandwalked

toneighbors'homeslookingforhim.NoReilly.Sonietimelater,thebigdogwasback...andnot

emptyhanded.Inhishugemouthwasadeliciousroastbeef,stillwarm.Erinfeltlightheaded.Whose

dinnerwasthis?Wheredidhegetit?Whatwouldpeoplethinkwhentheywentoutdoorsand

foundtheirgrillemptyandtheirroastgone?

Nobodyseemedtoknowathingaboutit.OnebigyellowLabknew,ofcourse,buthewasn'

ttalking.uOh?Reilly>whathaveyoudone?”mydaughtersaid.Tothisday,notasingleneighbor

hasreportedsucha(heft.

語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者女兒Erin的愛犬Reilly非常喜歡吃東西，一次

Reilly獨自出門，回來時嘴里叼著一塊熱乎的牛肉，主人至今不知道這塊牛肉是怎么來的。

i.WhatisReillylike?

A.Heisclumsy.

B.Heisaggressive.

onlytofinditwasonlywetpaint.Turningaround,hesawthathisapprentice（學(xué)徒），Giotto-was

laughing.GiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabucwasaway,anditlookedsorealthatCimabuc

hadbeenpletelyfooled.

GiottodiBondonewasbornintoapoorfamilyinavillage.Legendhasitthatoneday,when

Cimabucwaswanderingaroundthecountryside,hespottedayoungshepherdboydrawingpictures

ofhissheep,whichweresovivid（hatCimabueimmediatelyaskedhimtoetoFlorenceandlearn

howtopaint.ThatwashowGiotto56sstorybeganinFlorence>wheretheyoungstudentflourished

underCimabue'sinstructionandsoonsurpassedhismasterinskill.

Atthattime,peopleinpaintingsdidn'tlookreal,andthesymbolismofartwasdifficultfor

viewerstoconnectwithit.Innovalion（創(chuàng)新）wasnotstressed,soarthadremained（hesamefor

hundredsofyears.

However,Giottothoughtartshouldbesomethingmoreconnectedwithpeopleinamore

realisticway.Hismasterpiecesincludedthefortymajorfrescoes（壁畫）fortheArena

Chapel.Adoptingmanytechniquesthatwereunmonthen,hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem,

insteadoftheoverlytallandboxypeoplethatotherartistspainted.Hecreatedthreedimensional

spacebyusingperspective,somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.

Inadditiontopainting,Giottowrotepoetryanddrewarchitecturalplans.WhcnGiottowasin

hissixties?hepaintedtheOgnissantiMadonna,anotherfamousworkofart.Hecontinuedworking

untiltheageofseventy.TheideasGiottobroughttopaintingthroughouthisliferevolutionizedthe

artworldandmadehimoneofthegreatestpaintersever.

語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了意大利偉大的畫家喬托?迪?邦多納，他給繪畫注

人的思想徹底改變了藝術(shù)界，還使他成為有史以來最偉大的畫家之一。

5.Whatdoestheanecdoteinparagraph1(ellusaboutGiotto?

A.Hishumor.B.Histalent.

C.Hiscourage.D.Hisdetermination.

答案B

解析推理判斷題c根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)密，尤其是最后一句可知，有一次喬托趁契馬布埃不在時

偷偷在他所畫的人物臉蛋上畫了一只栩栩如生的蒼蠅。當(dāng)契馬布埃回來后，他信以為真，多

次嘗試將這只煩人的“蒼蠅”趕走。這件軼事主要告訴我們喬托的才能。故選B。

6.HowdidCimabuefeelaboutGiotto'spaintingwhentheyfirstmet?

A.Impressed.B.Hesitant.

C.Doubtful.D.Amused.

答案A

解析觀點態(tài)度越。根據(jù)笫二段笫二句可知，契馬布埃第一次見喬托時，對他的畫感到印象

深刻。故選A。

7.WhatmadeGiotto'sworksdistinguishedatthattime?

A.Vividcolors.

B.Classicskills.

C.Originalposition.

D.Lifelikequality.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句、第四段第一句和第三句可知，喬托的畫因逼真的特

點而與眾不同。故選D。

8.WhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesGiotto'sstory?

A.Greatmindsthinkalike.

B.Innovationisthevitalityofart.

C.Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.

D.Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystart.

答案B

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，當(dāng)時的藝術(shù)因沒有創(chuàng)新而止步不前，結(jié)合第四

段第三句的“Adoptingmanytechniquesihalwereunmonihen”及最后一段最后一句可知，最

能總結(jié)喬托的故事的是B項“創(chuàng)新是藝術(shù)的生命力”。故選B。

強化練（十）記敘文

A

（2022?河北保定一模）

WhencloudsofradiationbeganstreamingintotheairaroundtheFukushimanuclearplant,

160,000residentsweretoldtosimplycutandrun.However,itseemsonly159,998residents

listened.Theothertwo-NaotoMatsumuraandSakaeremained.Thereniained.Thetwomenwould

giveupeverythingratherthanletotherbeingsstarve.

Livingwithinthe12.5mileexclusionzonearoundthedamagedreactor,thetwomen,unrelated

tooneanother,bothlivealonewhiletakingcareofdozensofanimalsthatwereleftbehindwhen

theevacuationorderwasgiven.

ReportsfromReutersandDWstatethat57yearoldKatohas41catswholivewithhiminhis

homeinthemountains—alongwithadogheadoptednamedPochi.Katosayshewillstaywithhis

calsandensuretheyarefbrtableallthroughtheirlives.

Matsumuraleftthecityalfirst>butreturnedshortlyafterfbrhisownanimals.Oncerelumed,

thenow55yearo!drealizedthateveryoneelse'spetsandlivestockwerestillthere,sohebegan

takingcareofabroadmunityofanimalsincludingpigs,cats,dogs,ponies,ostriches?andcows.

GNNreportedthathewentbackinsidetheexclusionzoneandrealizedlocalpetdogshadnot

eateninseveraldays.Afteritbecameclear(hatnoonewasingbacktotheneighborhood,hewent

aroundunchainingdogsfromtrees,lettingcowsoutoftheirbarns,andfeedinganythinginneed,

earninghimthenicknamethe“GuardianofFukushima*sAnimals”.

Evci-ythingbothKatoandMatsumuraarcdoingisrisky.ThoughproudofwhatKatoand

Matsumurahavedone,theirfriendsandfamilieshopethattheycanleavethedangerousarea.Yet

theyseemtobedeterminedinwhattheyaredoingandbothplantostaytherewiththeiranimals>e

whatmay.

語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。福島的兩個當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窀试噶粼诤诵孤┑慕麉^(qū)里照料被遺棄的動

物，雖然其家人不贊同這樣做，但他們決定無論如何也要跟這些動物待在一起。

1.Whatdoesthephrase“otherbeings”inparagraph1probablyreferto?

A.Animals.B.People.

C.Plants.D.Residents.

答案A

解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這兩個人照顧留在核污染區(qū)的許多動物，所以國線部

分指代的是動物。故選A。

2.WhatkindofpersonisSakaeKato?

A.Curious.B.Caring.

C.Ambitious.D.Lonely.

答案B

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Kat。不僅照顧自己的貓，還照顧領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的狗，確保它們

一生都過得舒適，這說明他是一個有愛心的人。故選B。

3.WhatdoweknowaboutNaotoMatsumura?

A.Heis57yearsold.

B.HeknowsKatoverywell.

C.Hehasdozensofanimalstolookafter.

D.Helives12.5milesfromtheexclusionzone.

答案C

解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段最后一句可知，NaotoMatsumura照顧著幾十只貓、

狗等動物。故選C。

4.Whatcanweinferaboutthetwomenfromthetext?

A.Theywillfollowtheadviceoftheirfamilies.

B.Theywillcallonmorepeopletoprotectanimals.

C.Theystayinthemountainstoenjoyloneliness.

D.Theyhavenoregardfbrtheirownsafety.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和最后一段可知，輻射區(qū)對人是有危害的，但這兩個人依然

待在里面照顧各種動物。家人和朋友希望他們離開，但他們依然不顧自身安危決定留下來。

故選D。

B

（2022?湖南長沙雅禮中學(xué)一模）

OnJanuary22,2022,:heBritishBelgian,19yearoklZaraRutherford,successfullylandedher

twoscatmicrolightaircraftbackattheKortrijkWcvclgcmAirport,fromwhereshehaddeparted155

daysago,fulfillingherdreamtobetheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo.

“IfeelexcitednotonlytobreaktheGuinnessWorldRecord,butalsotodiminishthegender

gapby11yearsbetweenthecurrentyoungestmalerecordholderTravisLudlow.18atthetimeof

hisrecord,andthepreviousfemalerecordholderShacstaWacz?whowas30whensheplctedher

'DreamsSoar'aroundtheworldflight,"Rutherfordwroteonherblog.

Rutherford,sjourneycrossingfivecontinentsand52countriesbeganonAugust18,2021.She

encounterednumerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.Tlieyincludedanunscheduledstopin

Redding,California?duetowildfiresandamonthlongstopinNome,Alaska?torenewherRussian

visa.Shealsofacedseveralchallengesintheair.WhenflyingfromIcelandtoGreenland,Rutherford

lostradiocontactwithhergroundteamfbrmuchofthe3hourflight.Theincidentsalsoresultedin

herhavingtocrossoverRussiainsubzeroteinperatures.Thehardestpartwasflyingover

Siberia—itwasextremelycoldandiftheenginebrokedown,she'dbehoursawayfrom

rescue.Despitetheseveredifficulties,（hedeterminedyoungpilotnevergaveuponherdream.

Rutherfordgrewuparoundairplanes.HerBritishfatherfliesmercially,whileherBelgian

motherisarecreationalpilol.Theyounggirlbeganlearninghowtoflyatage14andobtainedher

aviator,slicensein2020.Withhergoalofflyingaroundtheworldacplished,Rutherfordnowhas

hersightssetevenhigher.Shewantstobeeanastronautandexplorespace.

Shehopesthatherjourneywillencouragemoreyoungwomentopursuecareersin

aviation.Currentlythenumberoffemalepilotsisjust5percent.Rutherfordsays,"It'saneasy

thingtosay,butjustgoforit.Ifyoudon'ttryandseehowhighyoucanfly,thenyou'11never

know.”

語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述ZaraRutherford成功實現(xiàn)了她成為最年輕的完成

單人環(huán)球飛行的女性的夢想以及她在旅程中遇到的一些挑戰(zhàn)。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Narrow.B.Divide.

C.Fill.D.Cause.

答案A

解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段可知，Rutherford不僅打破了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄，還將目前最

年輕的男性紀(jì)錄保持者TravisLudlow和前女性紀(jì)錄保持者之間的性別差距緇小了II歲。

Ludlow創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄時只有18歲，而之前的女性紀(jì)錄保持者ShaestaWaez在完成“夢想翱

翔”環(huán)球飛行時已經(jīng)30歲。故曲線詞的意思是“縮小”。故選A。

6.WhydidRutherfordhavetostopinNome?

A.Thewildfireswereloofierce.

B.HerRussianvisawasdue.

C.Theweatherwastoosevere.

D.Herenginebrokedown.

答案B

解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，Rutherford要在諾姆停留是因為她的俄羅斯簽

證到期了。故選B。

7.What?sthepurposeofparagraph4?

A.Toswitchtoanewtopic.

B.Tosummarizeherachievements.

C.Toillustrateheradmirabletalents.

D.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可推知，第四段的目的是增加Rutherford的一些背景信息。

故選D。

8.Whatdoesthepassagetrytoconvey?

A.Lifeisnotallroses.

B.Dreambig,aimhigh.

C.Nottoadvanceistogoback.

D.Thegreatesttalkers,theleastdoers.

答案B

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段以及最后一段最后一句并結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容可推知，文章想

表達(dá)“夢想遠(yuǎn)大，目標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)大”的思想。故選B。

C

（2022?江蘇南京、鹽城二模）

Nowadaysmaildeliveryisalittledifferent.!stillgetmymailfrommymailbox.Nothingbut

myneighbors'mail.Ithought(hatwascurious.

Iproceededtotakemyneighbors?mailtothem.Iwasabouttoputthemailintheirmailbox

whenatallmancamerunningout,shoutingaboutmessingwithhisfriend'smail.Hesnatched(奪

過)themailfrommyhand,openedthemailboxandpointedtothemailinside,“Youwereafter

this.”

Ishookmyhead,“No,believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjust

bringingittothem."Hegavemeafunnylookandwentbackintohishouse.

Igottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.Thcannoyedtallman

hadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyoldwomangoingaroundmixingupeveryone*s

mail.BeforeIcouldfinishtellingthemaboutwhatwasgoingon,theofficershadwatchedadog

approachmymailboxwithmailinhismouth.Hetookoutthemailthatwasinmyboxandput

lettersin.Hepushedthedoorclos