專題17閱讀理解

目錄

明晰學考要求

基礎(chǔ)知識梳理

考點精講講練

考點一：細節(jié)理解題

考點二：推理判斷題

考點三：詞義猜測題

考點四：主旨大意題

實戰(zhàn)能力訓練

明晰學考要求

1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式

3,掌握不同題型的解題方法

基礎(chǔ)知識梳理

（一）整體理解

題型多樣且關(guān)聯(lián)緊密：閱讀理解包含細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題等多種題

型，它們從不同角度考查考生對語篇的理解能力，且各題型之間存在一定關(guān)聯(lián)，比如準確理解細節(jié)有助

于把握文章主旨，而主旨大意又能為推理判斷等提供方向。

能力綜合要求高：不僅需要考生具備詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識，還要求能運用各種閱讀技巧，如略讀、

尋讀，準確把握語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、命題規(guī)律，根據(jù)不同題型特點靈活運用相應(yīng)解題方法，同時要善于進行語義

轉(zhuǎn)換和邏輯推理。

（二）重點關(guān)注方向

信息精準定位與比對：對于細節(jié)理解題，無論是直接信息題還是間接信息題，關(guān)鍵在于能依據(jù)題干

準確提取關(guān)鍵詞，快速在文中定位相關(guān)信息，并仔細比對選項與原文細節(jié)，注意同義替換、信息歸納等

正確選項特征以及張冠李戴、無中生有等干擾選項特征。

推理判斷依據(jù)：推理判斷題要嚴格依據(jù)閱讀材料所提供信息進行推斷，關(guān)注作者的用詞、語氣以及

文章的主旨，區(qū)分不同類型的推理判斷題（如細節(jié)推理、觀點態(tài)度推理、寫作意圖推理），明確各類型

的解題要點和常見命題方式。

詞義猜測技巧運用：掌握多種詞義猜測技巧，如根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋、同位關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、因果

關(guān)系、指代關(guān)系、同義或近義關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系等進行合理推測，同時要結(jié)合文章語境準確判斷詞

義。

主旨大意提煉：針對主旨大意題的不同類型（標題歸納題、文章大意題、段落大意題），要理解標

題特點，掌握確定文章標題的方法，學會通過找主題句（利用轉(zhuǎn)折詞、首段疑問句、重復觀點等小竅門）

或歸納段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)等方式來提煉文章及段落的主旨大意。

考點精講精練

（-）細節(jié)理解題

題型特點：

設(shè)問方式多樣：包括特殊疑問句形式（以when,where,what等疑問詞引出）、判斷是非形式（含

TRUE/FALSE等）、以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問形式以及填空形式。

正確選項特征：

同義替換（關(guān)鍵詞、詞性、語態(tài)等變換）、信息歸納、正話反說、原文原詞。

指對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行同義替換C如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutof

同義替換worko有些細節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成

ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

信息歸納用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。

正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。

原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項。

干擾選項特征：張冠李戴、無中生有、曲解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半。

張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。

無中生有符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。

曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細節(jié)處有些變動。

顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。

正誤參半部分正確，部分錯誤。

解題方法:

直接信息題：采用“關(guān)鍵詞定位法”，先從題干中提取名詞、動詞、數(shù)詞等關(guān)鍵詞，然后運用略讀

及尋讀技巧在文中定位相關(guān)信息，最后比對選項與原文細節(jié)確定答案。

1.依據(jù)題干信息，擇定位關(guān)鍵詞

細節(jié)理解直接信息題一般是對文章局部內(nèi)容的考查，且題目相對簡單，所以，不必通篇細讀全文，可先

通過題干信息來選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞主要是題干中的名詞、動詞和數(shù)詞，即問題的核心信息

2.依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，回原文定位信息進行比對

確定了定位關(guān)鍵詞后，運用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題于有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞,回到原文進行

信息定位，然后將選項內(nèi)容與原文信息比對，得出正確答案。

間接信息題：命題隱蔽性強，需將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語義轉(zhuǎn)換、加工或整理，再比對選

項確定答案。

相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強，正確選項一般都會在原文基礎(chǔ)上進行改造。此類題目需要考

生將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，有時還需要進一步的加工或整理。

概括、歸納信息題：依據(jù)題干找到文中相應(yīng)信息區(qū)間，用自己的語言歸納總結(jié)文中信息，然后挑

選與歸納內(nèi)容最接近的選項作為答案。

是指命題人用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，這是命題人設(shè)計細節(jié)理解題的正確

選項時經(jīng)常使用的手段之一?？忌紫葢?yīng)依據(jù)題干指向，找到文中相應(yīng)的信息區(qū)間，然后嘗試用自己的

語言去歸納總結(jié)文中的信息或事實，然后再看選項，挑選出和自己所歸納總結(jié)的信息最接近的選項作為

正確答案。

（二）推理判斷題

題型分類及特點：

細節(jié)推理判斷題：要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容推斷具體細節(jié)，常借助短文提供信息或生活常識進行推理，注

意題干中常用的如infer、indicate等動詞。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.

觀點、態(tài)度推理判斷題：

文章的觀點或結(jié)論推理判斷題：推測文中某一觀點需把握全文中心思想，因為次要觀點支撐主要

論點。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

?Whatistheauthor'sopinionon...?

?Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?

?Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.

作者態(tài)度、語氣推理判斷題：通過作者措詞、感情色彩判斷，常見褒義詞、貶義詞、中性詞等表

述。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

?Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis.

,Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas.

?Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas.

寫作意圖推理判斷題：揣測作者寫作意圖及運用寫作手法的目的，要求考生理解文章大意并能歸

納總結(jié)、分析作者闡述問題的方法。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

Themainpurposeofthistextis.

Whafstheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?

Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismainlywrittenfor.

Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

Theauthorinthispassageintendsto.

解題要點：嚴格按閱讀材料信息推斷，避免摻雜個人經(jīng)驗等；注意選項是否為材料簡單重復而非推

斷結(jié)論；關(guān)注文中虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞；客觀對待作者敘述事實，避免主觀推斷；甄別細節(jié)是否與原文

相符。

（三）詞義猜測題

考查內(nèi)容：對單詞、短語或句子意義的推斷，包括生詞、熟詞新義以及替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷,

需根據(jù)短文語境推測。

猜詞技巧：

根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋猜測：利用逗號、破折號、括號等后的解釋判斷詞義。

根據(jù)同位關(guān)系猜測：通過緊跟難詞后的同位語解釋來猜測詞義。

根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測：依據(jù)前綴、后綴、派生等構(gòu)詞知識推測詞義。

根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測：根據(jù)原因預測結(jié)果或由結(jié)果找出原因來確定詞義。

根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測：明確文章中代詞指代的人或物，有時需總結(jié)前文內(nèi)容得出指代對象。

根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系猜測：利用同句、同段或同篇文章中意思相同或相近的詞來猜測詞義。

根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測：依據(jù)上下句連接詞（如but、however等）判斷邏輯關(guān)系，從而確定詞

義。

（四）主旨大意題

題型分類及設(shè)問方式：

標題歸納題：常見設(shè)問如“Thebesttitleofthepassageis…”等，要求選出能準確概括文章主旨且具

概括性、針對性、醒目性的標題。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn):

Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis.

文章大意題：常見設(shè)問如“Whafsthemainidea/pointofthepassage?”等，需通過找主題句（利用轉(zhuǎn)

折詞、首段疑問句、重復觀點等方法）或歸納段落中心思想來確定文章整體中心思想。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

Whafsthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

Thepassageismainlyabout.

Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout.

?Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

段落大意題：常見設(shè)問如“WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?,9等，可通過概括段落邏輯結(jié)

構(gòu)（總分、分總、分總分等）或揣摩作者暗示來歸納段落大意。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?

Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis

Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?

Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

解題要點：理解標題特點，掌握確定文章標題的正面肯定法、反面否定法、研讀備選項本身等方法;

學會運用瀏覽法快速找到主題句；準確概括段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)以歸納段落大意。

例題精練，舉一反三

（一）細節(jié)理解題示例

A

TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorld

PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround8A.Q.,theRomansbuilt

theColosseum,whichremainstheworld'sbestknownstadiumarecontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.

Rome'sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfry

comparedwiththecity'sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.

Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfhn'sdesireforagoodviewanda

comfortableseat-tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;

gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.

Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranks

thembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.

Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.

?Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R-Korea.Capacity.150,000.Opened.May1,1989.

?MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened.October1,1927.

,BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.

?OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.

?KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.

21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?

A.104,944.B.107,601.C.About150,000.D.About250,000.

22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?

A.MichiganStadium.

B.BeaverStadium.

C.OhioStadium.

D.KyleField.

B

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberries

containalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularly

highinantioxidants（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoids

weturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.

B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

C

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzones

havelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa

2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.The

mediannumber（中位數(shù)）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenby

fewerpeoplethanthat.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400.

C.About2,400.D.About1,200.

（二）推理判斷題示例

D

Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyand

new,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thafsbad

newsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthe

neweronesthatdothesamethings.

32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.

B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.

D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

E

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,

deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Addictiontosmartphones.

B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

D.Impatiencewithslowservice.

F

[l]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit*sthemonthwhennature*sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.These

colourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberries

containalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularly

highinantioxidants（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoids

weturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻科K）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,

coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream^^.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuch

sweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffresh

lemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingon

theirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.

[4]Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa

“soft-serve“creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylove

feedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.

27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

（三）詞義猜測題示例

G

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoo

becamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,

SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Complex.B.Advanced.

C.Powerful.D.Modem.

H

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,Pvedone89trips-ofthose,51have

beenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（千名田胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthafs

howlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐獻者）tothetimetheycanbe

implantedinthepatient,we*vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier“inParagraph1?

A.providerB.deliveryman

C.collectorD.medicaldoctor

I

[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthe

musichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

[3]It*sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopesto

widentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

（四）主旨大意題示例

J

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheis

cookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatight

budget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe*sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe*slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsfbrsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,“she

explains.UIpay￡5fbraportion（一份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,

sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe*renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethis

foodourselves.^^

Theeight-partseries（系列節(jié)目），SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV*sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeach

week.IntonighfsEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.

Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

K

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenless

comingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)

groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat

10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetween

them.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoo

becamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,

SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzones

havelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa

2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.The

mediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenby

fewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderly

speakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),Lipan

ApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseems

tohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

L

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloser

toitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedtheTransition-hastwoseats,four

wheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeight

minuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontank

ofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

實戰(zhàn)能力訓練

記敘文部分（A-E）

A

（2024高二下?湖南?學業(yè)考試）14-year-oldLeanneFanfromSanDiego,California,wasnamedthegrand

prizewinnerofthe20223MYoungScientistChallenge,thenation'stopmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.

LeanneFandevelopedtheFinsenHeadphones,alow-costheadphonedevicethatusesmachinelearningand

bluelighttherapy（療法）todetectandtreatmid-earinfections（感染）inchildren-potentiallypreventingupto

60%ofhearinglossinchildren.Theworldsees700millioncasesofmid-earinfectionseveryyear.Fanhopesthat

thiscanbeaneffectiveandlow-costtreatmentoptionforthethousandswhoareaffected.

FanwasinspiredtocreatetheheadphonesthreeyearsagowhilelearningaboutNielsFinsen,whowonthe

NobelPrizein1903afterinventinglighttherapytotreatbacterial（細菌的）infections.64Ithought,"Thisisan

amazingidea,andIcanapplyittosomethingelseinmydailylifb,'"Fansaid.

Fantookhomethetopprize,earningthetitleof“America'sTopYoungScientist"and$25,000.Sheis

planningtousesomeoftheprizemoneytostartthepatentprocessfortheheadphones.Fanisoptimisticthatthe

FinsenHeadphoneswillbeabletohelppeopleinthenearfuture.

“Beingpartofthe3MYoungScientistChallengewasabsolutelythebestpartofmyyear,“Fansaid."Icould

meetscientiststhataremyageandgoingfortheirdreamstoo,andmadesomefriends.9,Shehopestoinspireother

girlswhowanttobecomeinventors."Evenasmallideacangofhr,“shesaid.tuIhadanideatousebluelighttokill

bacteriaandthreeyearslater,I'mhere.”

1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecostoftheheadphonedevice.B.Theprocessofbluelighttherapy.

C.Thedescriptionoftheheadphones.D.Thecasesofmid-earinfections.

2.WhatinspiredLeanneFantocreatetheheadphones?

A.Herowndailylife.

B.HerdesirefortheNobelPrize.

C.Thefactsofbacterialinfections.

D.NielsFinsen'sinventionoflighttherapy.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFan?

A.Outgoing.B.Patient.C.Creative.D.Hardworking.

4.WhatcanwelearnfromFan'sstory?

A.Evenasmallideacangofar.B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.

B

（2024高二下?湖北?學業(yè)考試）Everydayforthelastthreeyears,millionaire（百萬富翁）ZhongCongrong

haspickeduprubbishinhisneighborhoodandspreadtheenvironmentalawarenesstotheresidentsofChongqing.

Infact,theChongqingbusinessman'santi-litteringcampaignwasinspiredbyafamilytriptoHainanduring

ChineseNewYearin2015.There,hemetaretiredprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversitywhohadbeenpickingup

rubbishalongthebeachforfouryears.Zhongstartedcopyingthepracticearoundhishomethedayafterhe

returnedfromvacation.

Zhongencourageshisemployees-whoarelikelytobegiven10-yuanfinesiftheylitteratwork-tojoin

hiscampaign,too.Butheknowsthattheproblemcan'tbesolvedquickly,andthatbroadermeasuresmustbe

carriedouttoachievelong-termsuccess.

Atfirst,Zhong'swifeandchildrenfeltembarrassedbyhisbehavior.Forawhile,theyevenrefusedtowalk

nexttohiminpublic.Later,however,theirattitudeschanged,astheyrealizedthattheirneighborhoodwasindeed

becomingcleaner,andZhongwasbeingpraisedbytheirneighbors.Now,Zhong'swifehasbecomeananti-littering

campaignerherself.

“Theenvironmentremainsdirtynomatterhowmanyrubbishcollectorsthereare,“Zhongsaid."Theonly

solutionistoremindpeopleoftheresultsoflitteringandhopethatitmightchangetheirbehavior.^^

5.WhatmadeZhongCongrongdecidetopickuprubbish?

A.AtriptoHainan.B?Abusinessmeeting.C.Aprofessor^lecture.

6.WhatdoesZhongdoifhisemployeeslitteratwork?

A.Shoutatthem.B.Firethematonce.C.Punishthem.

7.WhatwasZhong'swife'sattitudetohisbehavioratfirst?

A.Angry.B.Joyful.C.Ashamed.

8.Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ZhongCongrongandHisBigDream

B.AMillionaireWhoPicksUpRubbish

C.AMillionaireandHisEnvironmentalGroups

c

（2023高一下?吉林?學業(yè)考試）Inafewminutes,schoolwastostart.Mysix-year-oldson,Dustin,was

crying.a6Idon'twanttogo,“hesaid.Eversincehe'denteredfirstgrade,hehadhatedschool.t4Whafsgoingon?If

hehatesschoolthismuchnow,howbadwillitbelateron?”Iwondered.Everykidsometimesdislikesschoolso

muchthatfivetotenpercentofthemdon'twanttoattend."Ifachildseemsworriedoranxiousaboutschool,

pretendsillnesstostayhome,orwon'ttalkaboutthingsoftheschoolday,youshouldbeconcerned（關(guān)心）,“saysa

schoolpsychologist（心理學家）,MichaelMartin.

Luckily,youcanusuallysolvetheproblemsometimesveryeasily.Inourcase,myhusbandandIvisited

Dustin'sclassandnoticedthattheteacher,justoutofcollege,calledonlyonkidswhosatrightunderhernose,

Dustin,whooftensatneartheback,wasignored（忽視）.Wesimplytoldhimtomovetothefront.Hedid,andhe

washappyagain.

9.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhersondidn'twanttogotoschool?

A.Shefelthappy.B.Shefeltworried.

C.Shefeltnothingimportant.D.Shefelthopeful.

10.Whichofthefollowingshowsthatachildlikesgoingtoschool?

A.Hehatestotalkaboutschool.B.Hepretendstobeillatschooltime.

C.Heenjoysgoingtoschoolevenifheissick.D.Hefeelsanxiouswhengoingtoschooleveryday.

11.WhafsthereasonwhyDustindislikesgoingtoschool?

A.Hefeelsignoredinclass.B.Heisafraidofhisteacher.

C.Heislaughedatbyhisclassmates.D.Hecan'tanswertheteacher9squestions.

D

（2024高二下?湖南婁底?學業(yè)考試）Agassiwasveryemotionalattheendofhisfinalgame.OnSeptember

3,theAmericantennisplayersaidatearfulgoodbyetohis21-yearcareerafterathird-rounddefeatintheUSOpen.

The36-year-oldtriedhisbest,butwasunabletokeepupwithGermanBenjaminBecker,morethantenyearshis

junior.

"ThescoreboardsaidIlosttoday,butwhatthescoreboarddoesn*tsayiswhatI'vefound,"Agassisaidtothe

fans."Ihavefoundinspirationandyouwilledmetosucceed."Itwasanemotionalspeechattheendofalong

career.Agassihatedtennisasateenagerasmuchashelovesitnow.Hisfathermadehimplaywhenhewasachild.

Hegotbored,andbecamearebel（叛逆者）.Thestricttrainingthathisfatherpusheduponhimgotinthewayofhis

wildlifestyle.

Askedwhathewouldsaytohis17-year-oldself,Agassianswered,"Iwouldsay,Iunderstandyoualotmore

thanIwanttobeyou.”

TheturningpointinAgassi'scareercamein1992whenheunexpectedlywonhisfirstGrandSlamat

Wimbledon.ItwasthefirsttimeAgassiunderstoodwhatrealchampionsfinallyunderstand:winningisatestof

nervesandnotjustpower;it*samarathon,notasprint（短跑）.

Agassiwasabouttobeginamarathon.Hecuthislonghair,gotfitterandtightenedupemotionally.Onthe

court,hewasrankedNo.1foralmosttwoyears.Hislowestpointcamei