1、英語被動語態(tài)總結(jié)與練習(xí)一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1.被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由“be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1)am/is/are +done (過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done現(xiàn)在完成時All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3)am/is /are being

2、 done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時A new cinema is being built here4)was/were done一般過去時I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done過去完成時By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done過去進(jìn)行時A meeting was being held when I was there.7)sha

3、ll/will be done一般將來時Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done過去將來時The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done將來完成時（少用）The project will have been completed before July.10)should/would have been done過去將來完成時（少用）He told

4、 me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為He was given a present by h

5、is mother for his birthday.3)當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into t

6、he building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài))。I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被動語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)

7、，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1.講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者(這時可省by短語)。My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3.為了更好地安排句子。The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一個主語就夠了）三、It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示

8、“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that據(jù)說It is reported that據(jù)報道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that眾所周知It is thought that大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that據(jù)建議It is said that the boy has passed

9、 the national exam.（The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock（指門本身有毛?。㏕he d

10、oor wont be locked（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。How do the newspapers come out?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3.系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。Your

11、 reason sounds reasonable.五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1.在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2.形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is

12、very worthy to be read）3.動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon(to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)4.在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式

13、的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5.在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6.在there be句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用

14、被動形式作定語，重點在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰lost time不明確。）7.在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被

15、動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1.“under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。The building is under construction( is being constructed).2.“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)，beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），bey

16、ond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope我們的成功始料不及。The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過、高于”。His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4.“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“適于、為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。That house is for sale. (= That

17、 house is to be sold).5.“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)（ ）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese p

18、aintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regar

19、ded C. is regarding D. regards（ ）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.T

20、hats all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ ）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保護(hù))the earth since Earth Day.A. is started

21、 B. was started C. has started（ ）9. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen（ ）10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden Aplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted（ ）11.Som

22、e famous paintings _in the hall next week. A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives（ ）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Man

23、y modern tall buildings have been _ these days. A. turned upB. put up C. shown up D. fixed up（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed（ ）15.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. C

24、leaned課后練習(xí)（ ）1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told（ ）2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD.

25、 are pulled down（ ）3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped（ ）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite（ ）5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a ye

26、ar.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold（ ）6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold （ ）7The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evenin

27、g. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards（ ）8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. paintedB. were painting C. were painted D. had painted（ ）9-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. A, has th

28、row B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown（ ）10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold（ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings（ ）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next

29、term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D

30、. took（ ）15. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built （ ）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so t

31、hat, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned（ ）17. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken（ ）18. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may do B. must do C. ma

32、y be done D. must be done （ ）19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B. was builtC. has builtD. is built（ ）20. Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked 把下列句子改寫成被動語態(tài) 1.T

33、hey make machines in that factory. _ 2.Every body likes this song. _ 3.He doesnt show the stamps to me. _ 4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan. _ 5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble. _ 6.Do the workers build many buildings? _ 7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? _ 8.Do you always sen

34、d a letter to Mr Hu? _ 9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? _ 10.How many desks do they buy every term? _ 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞1. We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An

35、English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week. 6. Peole use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him. 8.I have

36、 given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.Well put on an English play in our school. An English play _ _ _ on in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets. Colour TV sets _ _ _ mo

37、re and more farmers. 12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch _ _ _ by my brother. 13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day. 14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers _ _ _ _ for a long time. 16.Did he break the window yesterday? _ the window _ _ _ yesterday? 17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dr