1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 常見類型及其用法,一、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式 1、邏輯主語+V-ing 這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動作不是整句主語發(fā)出的動作，而是其邏輯主語發(fā)出的動作。如： 1)._no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was,A,2)_no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was 3)_Sunday, the library doesnt op

2、en. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been 4)_Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is,B,C,D,2、邏輯主語+V-ed 該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作承受者。 1)_, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2)_, the train started.

3、 A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given,A,D,3)_, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4)_, the text became easier for us to lear

4、n. When new words were explained Explaining new words New words explaining Being explained new words,B,A,3、邏輯主語+形容詞（副詞） 該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個未帶動詞的“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： 1)_, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions 2)_, the patient can leav

5、e the hospital. A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions,B,C,3._, wed like to go outing. A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK 4._, wed like to go outing. A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C 5._, you

6、 can wait a while. A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B,B,D,D,不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或having been）不能省略。 (1) 獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因為是星期天，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。 (2)在There being名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There being no bus, we had to

7、go home on foot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家,二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分： 1、原因狀語 該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語時相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如： 1)._ no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B 2)._Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B,A,D,3._, I had to ask for two days leave. A.Mot

8、her being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C 4._, we have to work late into the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C,D,D,2、時間狀語 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時間狀語時相當(dāng)于一個由 when, as soon as, after等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語 從句。如： 1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.After the si

9、gnal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B 2._, the text became easier for us to learn. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all the above,D,D,3、條件狀語 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語時可以改為由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如： 1)._, well go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If

10、weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2.)_, the patient will recover himself soon. A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C,D,D,4、伴隨狀語 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語時相當(dāng)于一個介詞短語或并列謂語。如： 1).We have lessons every day, _. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sund

11、ay is including D.all the above 2).The boy fell asleep,_. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above,A,A,3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B. followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.all the above ,D,分詞、獨立主格和“with + 復(fù)合賓語”作狀語的區(qū)別 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)在

12、句中均可作狀語，其區(qū)別是這樣的： 一、分詞在句中作狀語時句子的主語是分詞的邏輯主語，即主句主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動作承受者（用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動式）。這種情況下的分詞短語可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列謂語。,分詞短語在句中常作以下狀語： 1、原因狀語 1._late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2._ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the abov

13、e,D,D,2、時間狀語 1._ the students homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes. A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest. A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above,D,D,3、條件狀語 1._ more time, he is s

14、ure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._ another chance, Ill do my job better. A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above,D,D,4、伴隨狀語 1.Father came back, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder. A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and carrying D.all the abo

15、ve 2.Father came back, _ by a monkey. A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above,D,A,二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語時，這種結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語的邏輯主語不是整句的主語，即主句主語與分詞的邏輯主語不一致。如： 1._, well go fishing in the country. A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting,

16、C,2._, he finished playing the game of chess. A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closed eyes D.Closed his eyes 3._, I couldnt get the book I wanted. A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing,B,B,三、使用分詞短語、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語時要注意：它們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如when, if, as

17、 soon as, as, while等）或并列連詞（如and, but, or, so等）。例如： 1._ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above,A,2._a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside. A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the ab

18、ove 3.As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic. A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above,C,B,四、在使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語時，一定要看句子主語同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。 1、當(dāng)句子主語與該狀語內(nèi)部動詞之間有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系時，該狀語可用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或從句表示。 1)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B,D,2)._for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief. A.Waiting B.When he was w