1、精品文檔 高考語法專題：定語從句 高考語法專題：定語從句 考綱新研讀 考查的重點(diǎn)是介詞+關(guān)系代詞which，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句；非限制性定語從句也時(shí)有考查。 1.限制性定語從句 句子作定語，由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，被修飾部 分叫先行詞。 (1)關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,who,whose,在句子中 作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省略。 that,指人或物： Whoistheanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere? Thefinger(that)Iputintoyouthwasnottheone (that)I haddippedintothecup

2、. which,指物： Acheicalsshopisashopwhichsellsedicine.(作主語) Thefil(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作賓語) who,who,whose,指人，分別做主語、賓語和定語： Theanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadaster. Whosthean(who)youjusttaledto? Thisistheroowhosewindowfacessouth. 介詞后指人用who,指物用which。 介詞可提前，也可在后；在后時(shí)可用who,that，也可省略： T

3、hisistherooinwhichwelivedlastyear. =Thisistheroo (which/that)welivedinlastyear. Whostheanwithwhoyoujustshoohands?=Whosthe an(who/who/that)youjustshoohandswith? 但是固定搭配,介詞不能提前： Isthistheboowhichshewaslooingfor? (2)關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why,在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn) 和原因狀語。 when,指時(shí)間： Istillreeberthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirs

4、tcaetoBeijing. 比較：IstillreeberthedaythatIspentinBeijing. where,指地點(diǎn)： Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago. 比較：ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago. why,指原因：在“reason”后： Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbroedownontheway. 比較：Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable. (3)thesae.as;such.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句： Thi

5、sisthesaepenasIlostyesterday. youshouldpayoreattentiontosuchistaesasyouadelast tie. Thisissuchaninterestingbooaseveryoneliestoread. (4)定語從句典例： LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool. (who指boys) 李華是從不遲到的男孩之一。 LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool. (who指one) 李華是男孩中唯一從不遲到的。 Isthisnewte

6、achingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight? (變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜螅琲s移到building之后。) Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight? (變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜?，is移到this之后。) Whoistheanthatistalingwithourteacher? (為避免重復(fù)，用that不用who) (5)定語從句應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)： A.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的區(qū)別： Thefactthatwetaledaboutisveryiportant. (that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，that作賓語，

7、可省略。) Thefactthatthechineseinventedthecopassisnownto all. (that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，that不作成分，不能省略，句子 介紹的是fact的具體內(nèi)容。) B.用that不用which：兩者都可表物，大部分情況可通用，但下 列情況例外： 先行詞為all,few,uch,little,nothing,everything,anything等： Allthatustbedonehasbeendone. ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. 先行詞被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,f

8、irst，second, last或形容詞的最高級修飾時(shí)： Thatstheonlythingthatwecandonow. ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread. 先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)： yfatherandhisteachertaledofthingsandpersons(that) theyreeberedintheschool. c.用which不用that：指物，在介詞后或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句： IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheary. Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelooedafteru

9、s. Football,whichisaveryinterestinggae,isplayedalloverthe world. 2.非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，而非限制性定語從句 只是附加說明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定語從 句用逗號與主句隔開，由which,who,who,whose,where,when、 等引導(dǎo)： Hisbrother,whoisaPLAan,wrotetohi.(只有一個(gè)哥哥) HisbrotherwhoisaPLAanwrotetohi.(不只一個(gè)哥哥) Football,whichisaveryinterestinggae,

10、isplayedalloverthe world. Wellputofftheoutinguntilnextwee,whenwewontbeso busy. Hetoooutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensoewords. Theyarrivedatafarhouse,infrontofwhichsatasallboy. 比較：“他有兩個(gè)女兒,其中一個(gè)是護(hù)士。” Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhoworsasanurse. (非限制性定語從句) Hehastwodaughters,andoneoftheworsasanurse.(并列句) 另

11、外，as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可代替整個(gè)句子，as指熟知的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)的句子可在句首、句中和句尾；而which指沒想到的事情或客觀事實(shí)，且只能在句尾。比較： Asisnowntoall,Taiwanbelongstochina. Theearth,aswenow,goesaroundthesun. Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected. HehastoworonSundays,whichhedoesntlie. Sherearried,aswehadexpected. 3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾物時(shí)用wh

12、ich不用that, 修飾人時(shí)用who不用who。例如： Thisistherooinwhichwelivedlastyear. Whosthecoradewithwhoyoujustshoohands? (2)注意:固定搭配,介詞不能提前。例如： Isthistheboowhichshewaslooingfor? (3)既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 例如： Behaviorisairrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisiage. Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputone ortwooftheiro

13、wnwordsdown. Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabig crowdofpeople. Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhowas injured. 高考新剖析 1.Aperson_e-ailaccountisfullwontbeableto sendorreceiveanye-ails.2009年高考天津卷 A.whoB.whoc.whoseD.whoever 2.yfriendshowederoundthetown,_wasveryind ofhi.2009年高考全國卷 A.w

14、hichB.thatc.whereD.it c A 3.Wewentthroughaperiod_counicationswerevery difficultintheruralareas.2008年高考上海卷 A.whichB.whose c.inwhichD.withwhich 4.Whatsurprisedewasnotwhathesaidbut_he saidit. A.thewayB.inthewaythat hewayD.thewaywhich 5.Anyway,thatevening,_Illtellyouoreaboutlater, Iendedupstayingat

15、Rachelsplace. A.whenB.wherec.whatD.which 6.Georgeorwell,_wasEricArthur,wroteany politicalnovelsandessays. A.therealnaeB.whathisrealnae c.hisrealnaeD.whoserealnae c A D D 7.Whydoesshealwaysasyouforhelp? Thereisnooneelse_,isthere? A.whototurntoB.shecanturnto c.forwhototurnD.forhertoturn 8.Shewaseducat

16、edatBeijingUniversity,_shewenton tohaveheradvancedstudyabroad. A.afterthatB.frothat c.frowhichD.afterwhich 9.Hisoviewonseveralawardsatthefilfestival,_ wasbeyondhiswildestdrea. A.whichB.thatc.whereD.it 10.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_hewent ontoBeijingUniversity. A.afterwhichB.afterthat c.inwhi

17、chD.inthat B D A A 精題新探究 _isoftenthecasewithchildren,Aywas copletelybetterbythetiethedoctorarrived. A.ThatB.Whichc.AsD.It 2.Thisisoneoftheostexcitingfootballgaes_Ihaveeverseen. A.whereB.thatc.whatD.which 3.Thecoursenorallyattracts20studentsperyear,_uptohalfwillbefrooverseas. A.inwhichB.forwhich c.wi

18、thwhichD.ofwho 4.children,inyopinion,_creativeabilityisunthinablyrich,isseldotaennoticeofbyus,_shouldbetrainedinthatarea. A.which;thatB.whose;which c.which;whichD.whose;that c B D B 5.Atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything_hehad stolentothepolice. A.whichB.whatc.whateverD.that 6._isnowntotheworld,chin

19、asLiuXiangbecae thefirstAsianinhistorytowintheens110hurdlesatthe olypicGaes. A.ThatB.Whichc.AsD.It 7.Idontnowthereason_youwereabsentfrothe eeting,butIanotsurethatsoeonewilltellethereason _youhaventtolde. A.why;thatB.that;why c.because;whyD.ofwhich;that 8.Whenshecaebacfroabroad,Lucytoldusaboutthe citiesandthepeople_shehadvisited. A.thatB.whoc.whereD.which D c A A 9.Becauseofthetrafficja_Iwascaught,Iwaslatefor theeeting. A.bywhichB.inwhich c.thatD.where 10.Inyhoetown,thereisaysteriousdarhole,_ depthha