1、英語語法：主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則一、主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)概說英語的語態(tài)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí) 行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞 be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成：Everybody likes him. 大家都喜歡他。 （ 主動語態(tài) ）He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜歡。 （被動語態(tài) ）二、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，將主動謂語變?yōu)楸粍又^語 （be+過去分詞），將主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y短語（在被動句中用作狀 語）：He broke the cup.

2、宀 The cup was broke n by him.【注意】若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)中的 by 短語通常能夠省略：He was born in 1986. 他生于 1986 年。What is this flower called?這種花叫什么花？2. 雙賓動詞的被動語態(tài)雙賓動詞即指帶雙賓語的動詞，它們在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常是把 間接賓語 （指人）變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而把直接賓語 （指事物）保留下 來（ 稱為保留賓語 ） ：He an swered me that questi on. I was an swered thatquestion by him.有的動詞則通常把直接賓語

3、（指事物 ）變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而把間 接賓語改為介詞 to 或 for 引起的狀語 （ 到底用 to 還是 for ，與所搭配 的動詞相關(guān) ） ：He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her.（ 與動詞 write 搭配用介詞 to）She made him a new coat. A new coat was made for him.（與動詞make搭配用介詞for）有時以上兩種方式均可用：He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。 She was given some money. / Some money w

4、as given to him.He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一塊表。 A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.3. 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)由被動結(jié)構(gòu)“ be+過去分詞”中的動詞be來體現(xiàn)， 其基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法如下：（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)： am is, are+ 過去分詞English is taught in our school.我們學(xué)校學(xué)英語。We are taken good care of at school.我們在學(xué)校受到很好的照顧。（2） 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)： was wer

5、e+ 過去分詞He was taken to the police station.他被帶到了警察局。The house was built ten years ago.這座房子是 10 年前建的。（3） 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)： will be+ 過去分詞A new building will be built here soon.不久這里將建一棟新樓。The meeting will be held at two this afternoon.會議將于今天下午 2 點(diǎn)舉行。(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)： have hasbeen+ 過去分詞All the work has been done

6、 now.所有的工作現(xiàn)在都做好了。Have the letters been posted?信都寄了嗎？(5) 過去完成時的被動語態(tài)： had been+ 過去分詞He said the work had been finished. 他說工作已完成了。(6) 現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時的被動語態(tài)： am is, are being+ 過去分詞 My watch is being repaired by him.我的表正在由他修理。The plan is now being discussed. 計劃現(xiàn)在正在討論。(7) 過去實(shí)行時的被動語態(tài)： was were being+ 過去分詞 He said tha

7、t the man was being operated on.他說那個人正在動手術(shù)。He told me that a new station was being built.他說正在修建一個新車站。(8) 過去將來時的被動語態(tài)： would be+ 過去分詞He said that the meeting would be held next week.他說會議將于下周舉于。4. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動形式若主動語態(tài)中謂語含有情態(tài)動詞，在相對應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)中通常應(yīng)保留該情態(tài)動詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”：Every one must know this. f This must be known by every one.請看以下帶情態(tài)動詞被動句實(shí)例：This can 't be d