1、詞類名詞，代詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞，數詞，連詞，介詞，冠詞，感嘆詞。友情提示：同一個單詞可能有幾種詞性。比如，work既是動詞又是名詞。 名詞,名就是名稱-人或事物的名稱. 代詞，替代，主要是來替代名詞 動詞,“動”就是動作-人的五官動作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大腦動作(心理活動):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些動詞是表示靜止的，如：am，is，are。 形容詞，我們在談論人或物時，常說：“你描述一下是什么樣子 副詞likelyfiendlylovelylonelyweeklymonthlyyearly 介詞，at,by,in,on為四大“要犯

2、”！名詞、冠詞連詞，不能單獨作句子成分，只能和其他詞類一起作句子成分。 冠詞，aan(不定冠詞)the(定冠詞)， 數詞，基數詞和序數詞 感嘆詞，主要是來表示喜怒哀樂等感情的根據對詞類的概念的理解，指出下面單詞的詞類： 1deep 2finger 3fly 4papers 5pass 6refuse 7size 8spoon 9delicious 10thick 11town12map 13myself 14and 15on 16sheep 17ship 18mine 19important 20an 21catch 22first 23laugh 24third 25leave 26here

3、 27fly 28home 29round 30sing 31blind 32but 33eighth 34about 35bad 36yours 37child 38against 39ah 40with 41cinema 42Tuesday43cheap 44advice 45two 46they 47able 48for 49say 50quickly 51if 句 子 成 分Members of a Sentence能“分”能“合”，（分，是為了更快的理解句義，合，是為了更好的理解句義）怎樣才能具備這種能力呢？ 先理解理論（怎么去做的方法）后多實踐做練習，還需要記憶任務。如：哪些動詞后

4、面要跟to do,哪些動詞后面要跟doing,哪些動詞后面需要跟雙賓語等等這些都需要記憶。*句子成分由詞或詞組充當英語的基本成分有七種：_和_主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial)補語（complement）。英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補）基本句型 一： （主謂）主語：謂語：動詞構成，在主語之后。不及

5、物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結構，如：We come. （不及物動詞）1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做vi.基本句型 二： （主系表）一be動詞類：am、is、are、was、were 二表示變化類：become、get、turn、grow、go 三感官動詞類:眼（look）耳(sound)鼻(smel

6、l)舌(taste) (feel) 四表示延續(xù)性的動詞：remain、stay、keep 什么是表語呀？表語有兩個特征：一從位置上來講，它總是在系動詞后面（系動詞和表語關系甚為緊密，沒有系動詞，就沒有表語：沒有表語，就沒有系動詞）二從意義上講，表語通常是來說明主語的性質、特征的。找出下面句子中的主語、系動詞及表語，并指出主語和表語分別是由什么詞性或詞類來充當的。 1 Tomisastudent. 2 Heisfat. 3 Sheisintheroom. 4 Katewashereyesterday. 5 Myfatherbecameateacherin1978. 6 Theweatherget

7、shotinsummer. 7 Shelooksbeautiful. 8 Theflowersmellsgood. 9 Thesouptastesdelicious. 10 Thechairisyours. 11 Thechildrenareasleep. 12 Thelittlegirlissix. 13 Myworkistolookafterthebaby. 14 Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient. *There be 結構： There be 表示存在有。這里的there沒有實際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。 此結構后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物 試比較

8、：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個男孩。）前一個there無實意，后一個there為副詞那里。基本句型 三： （主謂賓）此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞(vt.)。 （及物動詞） （賓語）1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語

9、，eg：give/pass/bring/show。這兩個賓語通常一個指人(間接賓語)；一個指物(直接賓語)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Show this house to Mr. Smith.-Bring it to me, please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物）She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me

10、 how to run the machine. 基本句型 五： （主謂賓賓補）此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分?？梢杂米髻e語補足語的有名詞，形容詞，不定式，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語等。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teachers ask the students to close the windows.I s

11、aw a cat running across the road.名詞/代詞賓格 + n./adj./ 介詞短語/動詞不定式/分詞a， b， c， d， e， 1，Pleas tell us a story._2, She smiled._3. I have a lot work to do._4. His job is to train swimmers._5. He noticed a man enter the room._6. Please look at the picture._daebec但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡短，除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或

12、后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（adj./adv./num.數詞）短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語The little boy needs a blue pen. 一、 定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，譯為的定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。復合不定代詞（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分詞短語/從句作定語時要放在被修飾的成分后；副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之后。找出定語Two boys need two pens.His name is Tom.The boy in blue is Tom.The bo

13、y there needs a pen.The boy needs a ball pen. There is nothing to do today.The pen bought by her is made in China.The boy you will know is Tom. 二、狀語：什么人在什么時間什么地點用什么方式做了什么事 狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的句子成分，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等-The boy needs a pen now.-The boy needs a pen very much.可用作狀語的有副詞,不定式，分詞，介詞短語

14、，從句等。 In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 介詞短語作狀語：一) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students i

15、n the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二) 挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.(三) 挑出下列句中的定語1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgo

16、t to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lil

17、y sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the l

18、ibrary because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.劃分句子成分You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell （your） friend that youve