書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.

Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.

Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.

Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.

Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.

Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.

Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.

Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.

Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.

Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.

Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?

2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.3and7.

B.3and9.

C.7and9.

D.3and13.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.legend

B.religion

C.popularbelief

D.certaincustoms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heismildlycritical.

B.Heisstronglycritical.

C.Heisinfavorofthem.

D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.（七是另一個重要的數(shù)字，通常被認(rèn)為是好運(yùn)的使者）和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber（九通常被認(rèn)為是一個幸運(yùn)的數(shù)字）可知數(shù)字七與九代表好運(yùn)，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.（人們普遍認(rèn)為這個數(shù)字起源于耶穌最后的晚餐中有13人的事實(shí)）可知13這個數(shù)字來源于宗教，因此選B。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.（但奇怪的是，出生在13號的人一點(diǎn)也不害怕，這恰恰說明我們迷信的觀念是多么的不理智）可知作者對迷信帶有點(diǎn)批判的態(tài)度，因此選A。

2.單選題

ProfessorJohnsonplannedtogoovermypapersentencebysentencewithmeinhisofficethismorning,buthehasn't（

）yet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnedround

B.turnedup

C.turnedon

D.turnedin

【答案】B

【解析】動詞短語詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的turnround=turnaround“轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)向，歸航，轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)的turnup“出現(xiàn)，露面，發(fā)生，開大（收音機(jī)、電視等）的音量”；C選項(xiàng)的turnon“打開，發(fā)動”；D選項(xiàng)的turnin“交上，歸還，告發(fā)”。根據(jù)句意‘約翰遜教授計劃今天早上和我一起在他辦公室逐句檢查我的論文，但他還沒來’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Steelisnotasas（

）castiron;itdoesnotbreakaseasily

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elastic

B.brittle

C.adaptable

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。elastic“有彈性的;靈活的;易伸縮的”；brittle“易碎的，易斷裂的”；adaptable“適合的;能適應(yīng)的”；flexible“靈活的；易彎曲的”。句意：鋼不像鑄鐵那樣脆，不容易斷裂。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Notuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies（）asaunifiedscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didecologyemerge

B.whenecologyemerged

C.ecologyemerged

D.whendidecologyemerge

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)notuntil放句首時，句子要部分倒裝。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：直到19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初，生態(tài)學(xué)才作為統(tǒng)一的科學(xué)出現(xiàn)。

5.單選題

Riversareoften____bywastefromfactories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemned

B.defiled

C.intruded

D.exposed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contemned蔑視；侮辱B.defiled污染

C.intruded闖入；打擾D.exposed揭露；揭發(fā)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：河流經(jīng)常被工廠排出的廢物……。根據(jù)句意，工廠排出的廢物應(yīng)該是有害的有污染性的，因此會污染河流。因此選B選項(xiàng)defiled“污染”，表示河流被廢物污染。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】河流經(jīng)常被工廠排出的廢物污染。

6.單選題

Aheadlinethatisgraphicallysalientinsomewayhasagreaterchanceofcapturingoureye.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attractive

B.bright

C.special

D.entertaining

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。salient在句中是“突出的，顯著的”，A選項(xiàng)attractive“具有吸引力的”；B選項(xiàng)bright“鮮明的，愉快的”；C選項(xiàng)special“特別的，突出的”；D選項(xiàng)entertaining“令人愉快的”。句意：一個標(biāo)題，在一定程度上突出形象，便更加能吸引我們的眼球。根據(jù)句意C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Complicated______itis,theproblemcanbesolvedinonlytwohourswithanelectroniccomputer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.as

C.however

D.evenif

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，一般翻譯為“盡管……”或“即使……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有：though,although,while,as;evenif,eventhough;whether...or...等，as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形，though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性，可用來表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，但不能用來描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)。該題題干為部分倒裝語序，句意：雖然這道題很復(fù)雜，但用電子計算機(jī)只需兩個小時就能解決。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

1.中國是世界上的發(fā)明大國，但是很多發(fā)明無法走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室，歸根結(jié)底是資金問題。

2.當(dāng)然我們還應(yīng)該充分意識到，大熊貓生存的主要威脅不是來自于大熊貓的繁殖能力，而是來自于人類對大熊貓自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。

3.他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界：自我安定。

4.自幼來自農(nóng)村且深受“誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是斷然不肯將能吃的剩菜倒掉的。

5.太多的醫(yī)學(xué)和研究生教育把學(xué)生禁閉在黑暗的房間里，使他們成為被強(qiáng)迫灌輸信息的笨人。

【答案】1.China,oneoftheworld'sleadinginnovators,findsitselfintheawkwardsituationofbeingunabletogetmanyofitsinventionsoutofthelabs,whichcomesdowntotheproblemoffunding.

2.Ofcourse,weshouldalsobefullyawarethatthemainthreattothesurvivalofthepandaspeciescomesnotfromthepoorpropagationofthespecies,butfrommankind’sdestructionofpandas'naturalhabitat.

3.Life,itseemstome,needsaplacidityofmind.Whileothersmaybewininganddining,I'mcontentwithplaintea.

4.Borninthecountrysideandalwaystaughttobelieveprofoundlyintheneedto“treasureeachandeverygrainofriceinthebowl”，Iflatlyrefusetothrowawaytheleftovers.

5.Toomanymedicalstudentsandpostgraduatesreceiveeducationinaclosedroom,andfinallybecomeapassiveknowledge-receivingidiot.

9.單選題

Theexactcauseofthekillingdiseasewasnotknownuntilacountrydoctordiscoveredit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bytheway

B.byandlarge

C.byallmeans

D.byaccident

【答案】D

【解析】bytheway順便說說；byandlarge大體上,總的來說；byallmeans一定,務(wù)必；byaccident偶然,意外地。句意：直到一位鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種致命疾病,人們才知道它的確切病因。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Hisscheduleisjammedwithmeetingsandothersortsofevents;Iverymuchdoubtthathewillhavetimetoattendtheannualdramafestivalonourcampus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jammedwithmeetings

B.verymuchdoubt

C.havetimetoattend

D.onourcampus

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

11.單選題

Thisisoneofthefewjobsyoucandointhisplaceand___beingcompletelydrunk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.getawaywith

C.makefor

D.tryon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“contributeto”，意為“有助于，促成，捐獻(xiàn)”，B選項(xiàng)“getawaywith”，意為“僥幸成功，僥幸逃脫”，C選項(xiàng)“makefor”，意為“有助于，促進(jìn)，導(dǎo)致”，D選項(xiàng)“tryon”，意為“試用，試穿”，句意：這是你在這里能做的為數(shù)不多的工作之一，而且還能避免喝醉。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smoke

B.smoking

C.tosmoke

D.smoked

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.smoke吸煙v.B.smoking吸煙v.-ing

C.tosmoke吸煙D.smoked吸煙v.-ed

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，find后面要接一個分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，按照句意“如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房______，他將立即被解雇”可知，smoke和he的關(guān)系是主動，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，findsb.doing表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做……”，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)是動詞原形，不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)；

C項(xiàng)不定式表示目的或者將來，與find不構(gòu)成搭配；

D項(xiàng)findsb.done表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人被……”，smoked與he的邏輯關(guān)系是被動，不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙，他將立即被解雇。

13.單選題

Asaresultofthestrike,theGovernmentisurgingpeopletobe（）withelectricity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。economic經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的；經(jīng)濟(jì)的；economical節(jié)儉的；經(jīng)濟(jì)的；economy經(jīng)濟(jì)的；廉價的；economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。句意：政府敦促人們節(jié)約用電。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Eventhoughtheinvestigationhasbeengoingonfortwomonths,thepolicehave（）nofurtherdetailsabouttheaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comprised

B.formulated

C.released

D.incorporated

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。comprised包含，由...組成；formulated構(gòu)想出，規(guī)劃；released發(fā)布，發(fā)行；incorporated包含，把...合并。根據(jù)句意可知警方是沒有“發(fā)布”消息。故選C。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

人們要想得到工作的勝利即得到預(yù)想的結(jié)果，一定要使自己的思想符合于客觀外界的規(guī)律性，如果不符合，就會在實(shí)踐中失敗。人們經(jīng)過失敗之后，也就從失敗中取得教訓(xùn)，改正自己的思想使之符合外界的規(guī)律性，人們就能變失敗為勝利，所謂“失敗乃成功之母”，“吃一塹長一智”，就是這個道理。

【答案】Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinyourworkasyouexpected,youmustmakeyourthoughtsconformtoobjectiveobjectslawsoftheworld.Ifnot,youwouldbefailinpractice.Afterexperiencingfailure,youwouldlearnlessonsfromfailureandadjustyourthoughtstoobjectivelaws.Youcanturnfailureintovictory,whichiscalled“failureisthemotherofsuccess”and“afallintoapit,againinyourwit”.

16.單選題

Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourtingdanger,expertswarn.

Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.A1997studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreportsthat42.7%ofallcollegestudentsengageinbingedrinking.Thewell-publicizeddeathsofseveralcollegestudentsfrombingedrinkingin1997highlightstherisks.

An18-year-oldfreshmanattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydrankhimselfintoacomaanddied.A20-year-oldfraternitypledgeatLouisianaStateUniversitydiedfromalcoholpoisoning.

“Alcoholisalwaystoxic.It’sreallyapoison，”saidStevenSchandler，professorofpsychologyatChapmanUniversityandchiefofaddictionresearchattheLongBeachVeteransAffairsHealthCareSystem,whoaddedthatbingedrinkingcanleadtoalcoholpoisoning.“Becauseit’sapoison,likeanyotherpoison,ifyoutakeinalittlebit,youmighttolerateit,butifyoutakeinalot,youmightdie.

Administratorsanddoctorssaythatcollegefreshmenareespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoning,inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.

Butproblemswithalcoholaren’tlimitedtoteenagersandyoungadults.A39-year-oldBuenaParkmanrecentlyrecalledthattwodaysofsteadyimbibingonatriptoLasVegasseveralyearsagolefthiminbadshape.

Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.Alcoholicshavehigherlimits.Althoughnotwellunderstood，enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore,Schandlersaid.

Regardlessofaperson’stolerance,alcoholexertsitsinfluencewhentheamountofalcoholtakeninexceedstheamountthatthebodycandigest.Atthatpoint,alcoholpassesfromthebloodstreamintothebrainandbeginsitsattack.Alcoholfirstaffectsthebrain’scortex，whichcontrolsmoresophisticatedthoughtprocesses.That’swhypeoplegenerallybecomelessinhibitedundertheinfluenceofalcohol，andsomearemorewillingtotrythingsthatcouldbedangeroustothemselvesorothers.

Coordination,mainlycontrolledbythecerebellum,isthenexttogo,leadingtoslurredspeechanddifficultywalkinginastraightline.Asexcessivedrinkingcontinues,alcoholmovesdeeperintothebrainuntil“itgetstotheverybasicstructureofthebrainstemthataffectsthingslikerespirationandheartbeat,”saidDr.BretGinther,anassistantclinicalprofessorofemergencymedicineatUCIrvine.

Atthatpoint,peoplemaypassoutorfallintoacoma.Theirvitalsignsmayweaken.“Themostcommoncauseofdeathfromalcoholpoisoningisrespiratoryarrest，”saidGinther.Eventually,theheartsimplystops.Gettingtothatpointisfairlyunusual.ButGinthersaidthatatleastonceortwiceamonth,patientsarebroughtintotheemergencyroomatUCIMedicalCenterinOrangesufferingfromalcoholpoisoning.

Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.Manycollegestrytoeducatestudents,especiallythosecaughtdrinkingillegallyorcausingdisruptions.TheHigherEducationCenterforAlcoholandOtherDrugPreventioninNewton,Mass，advocatesacommunity-basedapproachthatincludesadministrators,faculty,policeandbusinessesinthefighttocurbbingedrinking,inpartbybeingonalertforpeopleabusingalcohol.Thecenteralsostressestheimportanceofparentalguidanceandurgesparentstohavefrankdiscussionswiththeirchildrenaboutexcessivedrinking.

1.Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat“bingedrinking”is______.

2.Whyarecollegefreshmenespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoningaccordingtoadministratorsanddoctors?

3.Whatcanenzymesdowhenoneisdrunk?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

5.Bingedrinkingmaymostseriouslyleadto__________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anexcessiveconsumptionofalcohol

B.drinkingoneselfintoacoma

C.drinkingpoisonousalcohol

D.akindofillegaldrinking

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirbodiesarenotusedtoalcohol.

B.Theycannotrefrainthemselves.

C.Theyareundergreaterpressure.

D.BothAandB

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhelpdrunkenpeoplesurvivewhentheytakeinmorealcoholthantolerable.

B.Theyhelppeopleincomaregainconsciousness.

C.Theyexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneys.

D.Theycanmakepeoplestayconscious.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Collegeofficialsareawareoftheseriousnessofstudents’bingedrinkingbutcannotdoanything.

B.Collegeofficialsaretakingmeasurestopreventbingedrinkingthoughwithoutmuchsuccess.

C.Collegeofficialsthinkthattheydonothaveanymethodstostopstudentsfromdrinking.

D.Collegeofficialsjuststandbywithoutdoinganythingtotheproblem.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.death

B.craziness

C.disability

D.unconsciousness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.”，可知Bingedrinking在大學(xué)是很常見的，許多成年人把飲酒過量看作是人生的一種儀式，所以bingedrinking應(yīng)該是過度飲酒的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.”，可知一方面原因是缺乏克制，另一方面是剛開始喝酒對酒精耐受度較低。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段，“…enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore…”，可知酶能分解并且排出肝臟和腎臟的酒精,這對經(jīng)常喝酒的人效果更好，這樣他們可承受更多酒精。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，“Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.”，可知大學(xué)行政人員一直密切關(guān)注飲酒一事，但沒有相對安全的方法能阻止學(xué)生飲酒。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段第一句，“Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.”，可知血液內(nèi)酒精含量為4%時，是法定的酒精中毒的限度0.8%的五倍，對大部分人產(chǎn)生致命的影響。所以會造成致命傷害。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so（

）athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrewd

B.foxy

C.considerate

D.adroit

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的，敏銳的”，指有頭腦，善于判斷分析，精明過人；B選項(xiàng)foxy“狡猾的”；C選項(xiàng)considerate“考慮周到的，體貼的”；D選項(xiàng)adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干練的，機(jī)敏的”。根據(jù)空格處前后句意，可知空格處與tactless（得罪人的，不圓通的）表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：本杰明?富蘭克林，年輕時并不圓滑，后來變得很有外交手腕，善于與人打交道，因此被任命為美國駐法國大使。

18.單選題

Iamcautiously（）thatanewgovernmentwillbeconcernedandawareabouttheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.hostile

C.cynical

D.doubtful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。optimistic“樂觀的”；hostile“敵對的”；cynical“憤世嫉俗的”；doubtful“可疑的”。句意：對于新政府是否會關(guān)注環(huán)境問題，我持謹(jǐn)慎的______態(tài)度。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息cautiously可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意，“樂觀態(tài)度”。

19.翻譯題

兩根平行的（parallel）橡皮筋（rubberband）所提供的力為一根橡皮筋的兩倍。

【答案】Twoparallelrubberbandsprovidetwiceasmuchforceasonerubberband.

20.單選題

Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbythehodge-podge（大雜燴）ofenvironmentalclaimsinhalebyhouseholdproducts,accordingtoa“greenlabeling”studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.

Amongthereport'smoreoutrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobe“environmentallyfriendlier”.

ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncil(NCC)forlobbygroupConsumerInternational.ItwasfundedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.

“Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy,”saidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.

The10-countrystudysurveyedproductpackaginginBritain,WesternEurope,ScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaverage.

Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergentinsectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999.

Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.

“Manyproductshadspecially-designedlabelstomakethemseemenvironmentallyfriendly,butinfactmanyofthesesymbolsmeannothing,”saidreportresearcherPhilipPage.

“Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaims,whilepaintswerethirdonourlistwith73.Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading.’’hesaid.

TheISOlabelingstandardscanvagueormisleadingclaimsonproductpackaging,becausetermssuchas“environmentallyfriendly”and“non-polluting”cannotbeverified.“WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO”,saidpage.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theNCCfounditoutrageousthat（

）.

2.Asindicatedinthispassage,withsomanygoodclaims,theconsumers

（

）.

3.AstudywascarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCto

（

）.

4.Whatisoneoftheconsequencescausedbythemanyclaimsofhouseholdproducts?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantsto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alltheproductssurveyedclaimtomeetISOstandards

B.consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’claim

C.theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceiving

D.fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arebecomingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtobuy

B.arestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreenlabeling

C.arebecomingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveontheenvironment

D.stilldonotknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheenvironment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandards

B.informtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheproductstheybuy

C.findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalstandards

D.revisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarelikelytoleadtoseriousenvironmentalproblems

B.Consumersfinditdifficulttotellthetruefromthefalse

C.Theycouldarousewidespreadangeramongconsumer

D.Consumerswillbetemptedtobuyproductstheydon'tneed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.warnconsumersofthedangerofso-calledgreenproducts

B.seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandards

C.makeproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirements

D.verifytheeffortsofnon-pollutingproducts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“NCC最不能忍受的是什么？”文章第二段提到“報道中不能讓人忍受的是——德國‘蚯蚓之友’化肥，‘無污染’面粉，還有英國的‘環(huán)境友好’廁紙”（Amongthereport'smoreoutrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”），即不能忍受這些宣傳，原因在第七段：近2000種產(chǎn)品并沒有像他們標(biāo)榜的那樣對環(huán)境無害，很多都不符合ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards），由此可知，上面的那些宣傳在虛假夸大，選項(xiàng)C“產(chǎn)品的宣傳經(jīng)常很模糊或者帶有欺騙性”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是消費(fèi)者的反映。文章第四段提到“盡管現(xiàn)在很多產(chǎn)品的宣傳都很美好，但是需要清楚的是消費(fèi)者仍然無法知道他們買的產(chǎn)品對于環(huán)境的影響有多大”（Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy），選項(xiàng)D“仍然不知道不同產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境的影響”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到了NCC做這個調(diào)查的目的：用ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來檢測一些特定的產(chǎn)品，比如殺蟲劑，探究這些產(chǎn)品的說明是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergentinsectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話提到“如此高的數(shù)字表明消費(fèi)者很難從這些誤導(dǎo)人的產(chǎn)品中分辨出正確的產(chǎn)品”（Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading），選項(xiàng)B“消費(fèi)者很難分清真?zhèn)巍狈项}意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段最后一句提到“我們現(xiàn)在正在推動讓跨國公司達(dá)到ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”（WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO），選項(xiàng)C“讓產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽符合ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。

21.單選題

PassagetwoPsychologicaltestsaretools.Likealltools,theireffectivenessdependsontheknowledge,skill,andsincerityoftheuser.Ahammercanbeusedtobuildabeautifulkitchencabinetofitcanbeusedasaweaponofassault.Likeahammer,intelligencetestscanbeusedforpositivepurposesortheycanbeabusive.Itisimportantforboththetestconstructorandthetestexaminertobefamiliarwiththecurrentstateofscientificknowledgeaboutintelligenceandintelligencetests.

Eventhoughtheyhavelimitations,intelligencetestsareamongpsychology’smostwidelyusedtools.Tobeeffective,though,intelligencetestsmustbeviewedrealistically.Theyshouldnotbethoughtofasafixed,unchangingindicatorofaperson’sintelligence.Theyshouldalsobeusedinconjunctionwithotherinformationaboutapersonandshouldnotberelieduponasthesoleindicatorofwhetherachildshouldbeplacedinaspecial-educationorgiftedclass.Thechild’sdevelopmentalhistory,medicalbackground,performanceinschool,socialcompetencies,andfamilyexperiencesshouldbetakenintoaccount,too.

ThesinglenumberprovidedbymanyIQtestscaneasilyleadtostereotypesandexpectationsaboutaperson.ManypeopledonotknowhowtosweepinggeneralizationsaboutapersonaretoooftenmadeonthebasisofanIQscore.Imagine,forexample,thatyouareateachersittingintheteacher’sloungethedayafterschoolhasstartedinthefall.Youmentionastudent—JohnnyJones—andafellowteacherremarksthatshehadJohnnyinclasslastyear,andgoesontosaythathewasarealdunce,pointingoutthathisIQis78.Youcannothelpbutrememberthisinformation,anditmayleadyoutothinkthatJohnnyJonesisnotverybrightsoitisuselesstospendmuchtimeteachinghim.Inthisway,IQscoresaremisusedandstereotypesareformed.

26.Accordingtotheauthor,intelligencetests_______.

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

28.Theword“dunce”(Para.3)standsfor______.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat_______.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cannotbeusedastheindicatorofaperson’sintelligence

B.canbeusedforpositivepurposesandcanalsobemisused

C.arewidelyusedbecauseitisthesoleindicatorofone’sintelligence

D.arenotsoeffectiveduetotheirownshortcomings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theknowledge,skillandthesincerityoftheuserarethefactorsdeterminingtheeffectivenessofthepsychologicaltest.

B.Sincetheintelligencetestshavelimitations,theirresultsarenotreliablealthoughtheyareusedveryoften.

C.Aperson’sintelligencecanbemeasuredwithprecisionandaccuracyifheorshetakesanintelligencetest.

D.Whetherachildshouldbeplacedinagiftedclasscaneasilybedecidedbyhisperformanceintheintelligencetest.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anaveragestudent

B.aslowlearner

C.adancinggenius

D.alazyboyorgirl

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lowscoreinintelligencetestindicatethatoneisaslowlearner

B.intelligencetestsarenotscientificandmustbeprohibited

C.teachershouldnottreatstudentsunequallyaccordingtotheirintelligencedifference

D.intelligencetestsareoftenmisusedandoftenleadtostereotype

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMeritsofIntelligenceTests.

B.TheUseandMisuseofIntelligenceTests.

C.TheimportanceofIntelligenceTests.

D.TheLimitationsofIntelligenceTests.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.Accordingtotheauthor,intelligencetests_______.26.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，智力測試_______。

A.cannotbeusedastheindicatorofaperson’sintelligenceA.不能作為一個人智力的指標(biāo)

B.canbeusedforpositivepurposesandcanalsobemisusedB.可以用于積極的目的，也可以被濫用

C.arewidelyusedbecauseitisthesoleindicatorofone’sintelligenceC.被廣泛使用是因?yàn)樗侵橇Φ奈ㄒ恢笜?biāo)

D.arenotsoeffectiveduetotheirownshortcomingsD.不是因?yàn)樽约旱娜秉c(diǎn)才這么有效

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第四句“就像一把錘子一樣，智力測試可以被用于積極的目的，也可以被濫用”可知，作者認(rèn)為智力測試可以用于積極目的，也可以被濫用，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“可以用于積極的目的，也可以被濫用”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“不能作為一個人智力的指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)第二段第三句“它們（智力測試）不應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是一個人智力的固定不變的指標(biāo)”可知，智力測試不應(yīng)該是智力的唯一測試指標(biāo)，但還是一個人智力的測試指標(biāo)，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“被廣泛使用是因?yàn)樗侵橇Φ奈ㄒ恢笜?biāo)”，第二段第一句提到“盡管智力測試有其局限性，但它仍是心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域使用最廣泛的工具之一”，可知智力測試是廣泛使用的工具之一，而不是唯一，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“不是因?yàn)樽约旱娜秉c(diǎn)才這么有效”文中沒有提及，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?27.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個陳述是正確的？

A.Theknowledge,skillandthesincerityoftheuserarethefactorsdeterminingtheeffectivenessofthepsychologicaltest.A.用戶的知識、技能和真誠是決定心理測試效果的因素。

B.Sincetheintelligencetestshavelimitations,theirresultsarenotreliablealthoughtheyareusedveryoften.B.由于智力測驗(yàn)有其局限性，盡管經(jīng)常使用，但其結(jié)果并不可靠。

C.Aperson’sintelligencecan