高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列二名詞高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列二名詞名詞專有名詞(ProperNouns)普通名詞(CommonNouns)個體名詞(IndividualNouns)集體名詞(CollectiveNouns)物質(zhì)名詞(MaterialNouns)抽象名詞(AbstractNouns)不可數(shù)名詞(UncountableNouns)可數(shù)名詞(CountableNouns)名詞專有名詞(ProperNouns)普通名詞個體名詞(I1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

policemanchildmousetoothfootpotatoheroleafshelfrooflifebabymonkeybranchthiefmosquitopolicemenchildrenmiceteethfeetpotatoesheroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabiesmonkeysbranchesthievesmosquitoes1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式policemen

watch lady foxflybrushtomatoinch halfkilopianocalf passer-bygo-betweengrown-up girlfriendsister-in-lawmanservantlooker-onwatchesladiesfoxesfliesbrushestomatoesincheshalveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirlfriendssisters-in-lawmenservantslookers-onwatch lady foxflyI.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變法情況加法例詞一般情況以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的詞以輔音＋y結(jié)尾的詞以輔音+o結(jié)尾的詞以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞加-s加-es去y加-ies多數(shù)加-es

把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishesLadies;countriesHeroes;tomatoesHalves;leavesI.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變法情況加法例詞一般情況以s,x,ch,s不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,works(工廠),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss（2）改變字母：man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,saleswoman--saleswomen,foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,Mouse--Mice,phenomenon--phenomena

另：penny

（pence或

pennies）（3）增加字母:child--children,ox--oxen不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,dee（4）以o結(jié)尾的詞：

加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco

加es:

tomato,potato,hero

另：zero

（zeros或

zeroes）

（5）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞:

直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,

變f為v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief

另外：handkerchief

（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）

beef（beeves菜牛、beefs怨言；牢騷）（4）以o結(jié)尾的詞：(6)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：

①將合成名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：

looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law②將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：

grown-up(s),go-between(s)

(中間人），

good-for-nothing(s)(無用之人）

③含boy,girl,lady等的合成的名詞：它們始終為單數(shù)，其后的名詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

boystudents,girlfriends,ladydrivers

④含man或woman的合成名詞：它們隨其后名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化。如：

amandoctor,twomendoctors

(6)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：A>名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語：doexercises

（做操）takenotes(做筆記）taketurns

（輪流）makerepairs（搞修理）changetrains

（改換火車）makefriendswith

（交朋友）shakehandswith

(握手）asfollows

（如下）inrags

（衣衫襤褸）indozens

（成打的）A>名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語：B>有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式含義特別常見woodsworkswatersclothescustomsmannerssandsspiritsfeelingsgoodspaperssurroundingsgamesforcestimeslooksarmsconditionsInstructions（森林)（工廠）(水域)(衣服)(海關(guān))(禮貌)(沙灘)(精神,烈酒)(感情)(貨物)(報紙,文件)(環(huán)境)(運動會)(軍隊)(時代)(外表)(武器)(形式,情況)(說明)B>有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式含義特別常見woodsII.不可數(shù)名詞的”數(shù)”1.抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：抽象名詞（不可數(shù)）具體化（個體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）insurprise驚訝地asurprise一件令人驚訝的事winsuccess獲得成功asuccess一個(件)成功的人(事)winhonor贏得榮譽anhonor一個(件)引以為榮的(事)Failure(失敗)isthemotherofsuccess失敗是成功之母。afailure失敗者byexperience靠經(jīng)驗anexperience一次經(jīng)歷youth青春ayouth一個青年人havepityonsb.憐憫某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure樂意apleasure樂事II.不可數(shù)名詞的”數(shù)”1.抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)2.抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.2.抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可3.物質(zhì)名詞有前置定語修飾時，前面要使用不定冠詞。

havebreakfasthaveawonderfulbreakfast

Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Theyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.3.物質(zhì)名詞有前置定語修飾時，前面要使用不定冠詞。4.有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：Theboyburstintotearsatthebadnews.Therisingwatersdidalotofharmtothecrops.Thestonebridgebrokedowninheavyrains.4.有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：常見的不可數(shù)名詞progressadvicefuninformationfurnitureworkbaggageluggagenewsjewelryweatherpaper(紙張)equipmenttroubleknowledgehomework常見的不可數(shù)名詞progressadv有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞①有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或強調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：Useyourbrains,please.Theyhavesmoothedawaythedifficulties.Haveyoumadepreparationsfortomorrow’smeeting?Manythanksforyourkindness.Nopains,nogains.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞III.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況:(1)集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)：police,cattle,people,poultry,theyouth(2)集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞:

clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth(3)集體名詞視具體情況而定單復(fù)數(shù)：

family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(4)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞:

clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,compasses,scissors,goods,thanks,wishes,wages,tears,troops,forces,resourcesIII.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況:(1)集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)：(5)以s結(jié)尾但不表示復(fù)數(shù):

mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods(森林),works(工廠)(6)有沒有s結(jié)尾意義不同：

glass–glasses,cloth–clothes,work–works,water–waters,wood–woods,good–goods,time–times(時代),paper–papers(論文),green–greens(青菜),custom–customs(海關(guān)),spirit–spirits(酒精,情緒),light–lights(燈),experience–experiences(經(jīng)歷),arm–arms(武器),iron–irons(鐐銬,熨斗),compass(指南針)–compasses(圓規(guī)),(7)姓氏后加s并帶冠詞，表一家人或夫婦倆:

theGreens；theChengs(5)以s結(jié)尾但不表示復(fù)數(shù):(8)

名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式意義相同的短語：makefaces/aface（做鬼臉）Havetalks/atalk

withsb.(與某人交談）Playjokes/ajokeon（拿…開玩笑）Makecontributions/acontributionto

（為…做貢獻）(9)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的短語：Haveawordwithsb.（與…某人說句話）Havewordswithsb.

（與…某人吵架）Makecloth

(織布）Makeclothes

（制衣）(8)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式意義相同的短語：名詞的所有格名詞的所有格一:’s型用法（有生命的所有格）１．有生命的所有格李平的自行車湯姆的作品

TomandMary’sfather

Tom’sandMary’sfathers2.表某人家，店鋪名稱，常省去所有格后的名詞．AtGreen’s,atmyuncle’sAtthetailor’sLiping’sbike

Tom’sworks共有各有一:’s型用法（有生命的所有格）１．有生命的所有格Lipi３表示時間，距離，集體，城市，國家，團體，機構(gòu)等．today’snewspapertenminutes’walkthestation’swaitingroom３表示時間，距離，集體，城市，國家，團體，機構(gòu)等．4.somebody,someone,who+else所有格加在else后．如果這字典不是你的，會是誰的？Ifthisdictionaryisn’tyours,whoelse’scanitbe?高考英語名詞(高考名詞專題復(fù)習(xí))課件二：of型１.Of型（無生命名詞所有格）我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生房間的窗戶Thestudentsofourschoolthewindowoftheroom2.雙重屬格：既有～’s的屬格，又有of～的屬格。通?！痵屬格表示所有關(guān)系，of屬格表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。如:afriendofmyfather’s;abookofTom’s3.表示“某人自己的”的屬格:

用ofone’sown表示，不可用of＋反身代詞。例如：Thisisthehouseofmyown.二：of型１.Of型（無生命名詞所有格）Thestud1.作主語2.作賓語3.作表語Heisanartist.Heplayedfootballyesterday.

TomoftenwatchesTVeverySunday.三：名詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?.作主語2.作賓語3.作表語Heisanartist4.作定語5.作賓語補足語HenamedthebabyTonny.MrYangisacomputerteacher.4.作定語5.作賓語補足語Henamedthebaby高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列二名詞高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列二名詞名詞專有名詞(ProperNouns)普通名詞(CommonNouns)個體名詞(IndividualNouns)集體名詞(CollectiveNouns)物質(zhì)名詞(MaterialNouns)抽象名詞(AbstractNouns)不可數(shù)名詞(UncountableNouns)可數(shù)名詞(CountableNouns)名詞專有名詞(ProperNouns)普通名詞個體名詞(I1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

policemanchildmousetoothfootpotatoheroleafshelfrooflifebabymonkeybranchthiefmosquitopolicemenchildrenmiceteethfeetpotatoesheroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabiesmonkeysbranchesthievesmosquitoes1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式policemen

watch lady foxflybrushtomatoinch halfkilopianocalf passer-bygo-betweengrown-up girlfriendsister-in-lawmanservantlooker-onwatchesladiesfoxesfliesbrushestomatoesincheshalveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirlfriendssisters-in-lawmenservantslookers-onwatch lady foxflyI.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變法情況加法例詞一般情況以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的詞以輔音＋y結(jié)尾的詞以輔音+o結(jié)尾的詞以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞加-s加-es去y加-ies多數(shù)加-es

把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishesLadies;countriesHeroes;tomatoesHalves;leavesI.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變法情況加法例詞一般情況以s,x,ch,s不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,works(工廠),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss（2）改變字母：man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,saleswoman--saleswomen,foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,Mouse--Mice,phenomenon--phenomena

另：penny

（pence或

pennies）（3）增加字母:child--children,ox--oxen不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,dee（4）以o結(jié)尾的詞：

加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco

加es:

tomato,potato,hero

另：zero

（zeros或

zeroes）

（5）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞:

直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,

變f為v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief

另外：handkerchief

（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）

beef（beeves菜牛、beefs怨言；牢騷）（4）以o結(jié)尾的詞：(6)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：

①將合成名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：

looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law②將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：

grown-up(s),go-between(s)

(中間人），

good-for-nothing(s)(無用之人）

③含boy,girl,lady等的合成的名詞：它們始終為單數(shù)，其后的名詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

boystudents,girlfriends,ladydrivers

④含man或woman的合成名詞：它們隨其后名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化。如：

amandoctor,twomendoctors

(6)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：A>名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語：doexercises

（做操）takenotes(做筆記）taketurns

（輪流）makerepairs（搞修理）changetrains

（改換火車）makefriendswith

（交朋友）shakehandswith

(握手）asfollows

（如下）inrags

（衣衫襤褸）indozens

（成打的）A>名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語：B>有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式含義特別常見woodsworkswatersclothescustomsmannerssandsspiritsfeelingsgoodspaperssurroundingsgamesforcestimeslooksarmsconditionsInstructions（森林)（工廠）(水域)(衣服)(海關(guān))(禮貌)(沙灘)(精神,烈酒)(感情)(貨物)(報紙,文件)(環(huán)境)(運動會)(軍隊)(時代)(外表)(武器)(形式,情況)(說明)B>有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式含義特別常見woodsII.不可數(shù)名詞的”數(shù)”1.抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：抽象名詞（不可數(shù)）具體化（個體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）insurprise驚訝地asurprise一件令人驚訝的事winsuccess獲得成功asuccess一個(件)成功的人(事)winhonor贏得榮譽anhonor一個(件)引以為榮的(事)Failure(失敗)isthemotherofsuccess失敗是成功之母。afailure失敗者byexperience靠經(jīng)驗anexperience一次經(jīng)歷youth青春ayouth一個青年人havepityonsb.憐憫某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure樂意apleasure樂事II.不可數(shù)名詞的”數(shù)”1.抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)2.抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.2.抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可3.物質(zhì)名詞有前置定語修飾時，前面要使用不定冠詞。

havebreakfasthaveawonderfulbreakfast

Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Theyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.3.物質(zhì)名詞有前置定語修飾時，前面要使用不定冠詞。4.有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：Theboyburstintotearsatthebadnews.Therisingwatersdidalotofharmtothecrops.Thestonebridgebrokedowninheavyrains.4.有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：常見的不可數(shù)名詞progressadvicefuninformationfurnitureworkbaggageluggagenewsjewelryweatherpaper(紙張)equipmenttroubleknowledgehomework常見的不可數(shù)名詞progressadv有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞①有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或強調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：Useyourbrains,please.Theyhavesmoothedawaythedifficulties.Haveyoumadepreparationsfortomorrow’smeeting?Manythanksforyourkindness.Nopains,nogains.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞III.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況:(1)集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)：police,cattle,people,poultry,theyouth(2)集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞:

clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth(3)集體名詞視具體情況而定單復(fù)數(shù)：

family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(4)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞:

clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,compasses,scissors,goods,thanks,wishes,wages,tears,troops,forces,resourcesIII.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況:(1)集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)：(5)以s結(jié)尾但不表示復(fù)數(shù):

mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods(森林),works(工廠)(6)有沒有s結(jié)尾意義不同：

glass–glasses,cloth–clothes,work–works,water–waters,wood–woods,good–goods,time–times(時代),paper–papers(論文),green–greens(青菜),custom–customs(海關(guān)),spirit–spirits(酒精,情緒),light–lights(燈),