●現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。否定形式“助動(dòng)詞have/has+not”構(gòu)成，也可縮寫為haven’t或hasn’t

一般疑問句需將have/has提到句首現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)●現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:(1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常使用just,already,yet等時(shí)間副詞。—Haveyouhadlunchyet?

你吃了午飯嗎？

—Yes,I’vejusthadit.

是的,我剛剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了)

(2)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止,也可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。Hehastaughtheresince1981.

他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續(xù)教)Hehasalreadytaughtheresincehewastwenty.

自從他20歲的時(shí)候起，他就已經(jīng)在這兒教書了。Ihaven’tseenherforfouryears.

我有四年沒見到她了。

●現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):(1)用副詞already（肯定句）和yet（否定句和疑問句中）。Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.

我們已完成家庭作業(yè)了。Theyhaven’tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.

他們還沒有完成家庭作業(yè)。

(2)用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。

—HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?

你曾經(jīng)去過長(zhǎng)城嗎？

—No,IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.

不,我從未去過長(zhǎng)城。(3)用表示到說話為止的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如just,before,uptonow，sofar等。Ihaveseenherbefore,but

sofarIcannotrememberwhere.

我以前見過她,但到目前為止我仍記不起在哪里見過。

(4)與since或for連用。since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子；for后接時(shí)間段。Ihaven’tseenhimfortwoyears.

我已經(jīng)兩年沒見到他了。Shehastaughtussincelastyear.

自從去年起她教我們。IhaveskatedsinceIwasfouryearsold.

從我四歲時(shí)我就開始滑冰了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種，一種是延續(xù)性的，一種是終止性的。終止性動(dòng)詞也可稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如:become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,die,finish,gettoknow,go,join,marry,start,stop等。終止性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),

如for+時(shí)間段、

since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句連用,也不能用在howlong引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。若保留for+

時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,或用在howlong句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。以下是常用的瞬間性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)應(yīng)表:

come—beherebuy—haveborrow—keepleave—beawaydie—bedeadstop—beoverbegin/start—beon

單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.—Haveyoutakenoutthetrash,Belly?—______.I’lldoitrightaway.A.Sorry,IhaveB.No,Ididn’tC.No,Idon’tD.Notyet()2.—Haveyou_______visitedShanghai?—No,_______.A.ever;notB.never;notC.ever;neverD.never;everDC()3.—Couldyougototheparkwithmethisafternoon?—Sorry,I_______there.Iwentthereyesterday.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.wentD.was()4.—Haveyouwashedyourclothes______?—No,Ihaven’t.ButIhavecleanedtheroom_______.A.ago;alreadyB.yet;yetC.before;yetD.yet;alreadyBD()5.Iamasoldier.I______thearmy______aboutfiveyears.A.havejoined;sinceB.havejoined;forC.havebeenin;forD.havebeenin;sinceC1、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_________________havetheybeenhere?2、Theoldman_______lastyear.(die/dead)He___________________forayear.(die/dead)（選詞填空）3、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Thisfactory_____________fortwentyyears.Howlongdiedhasbeenopenhasbeendead4、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

MissGao___________________anhour.5、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）

Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.hasbeenawayforjoinedago句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.①I____________myhomework.(改為否定句)②—______you______yourhomework?(改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)—Yes，____________.答案：1.①haven’tfinished②Have；finished；Ihave2.Hisdreamhascometrue.(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答)---______hisdream______true?---No，____________.答案：2.Has；come；ithasn’t中考鏈接(2010.河北省卷,41.1)Mybrotherleftschoolin2005,andsincethenhe

inBeijing.A.lives B.lived C.willlive D.haslived(2010·湖北省黃岡市，35，1)-IjoinedtheLeague______May,2008.Whataboutyou?-I’vebeenaLeaguemember______threeyears.A.in;for B.on;in C.on;for D.in;sinceDA（2011四川資陽(yáng)）27.Sofarth