汽輪機(jī)課程設(shè)計汽輪機(jī)參數(shù)：容量：25MW蒸汽初參數(shù)：壓力：3.43Mpa溫度:435°C排汽參數(shù)：冷卻水溫20C背壓：0.005?0.006Mpa(取0.005Mpa)前軸封漏汽與軸封加熱器耗汽量為0.007D。，軸封加熱器焓升21KJ/Kg加熱器效率^「0.98設(shè)計功率:Pr=25MW最大功率P=25*(0.2?0.3)近擬熱力過程圖在焓熵圖上選取進(jìn)口參數(shù)P0=3.43MPa,t0=435C，可得h0=3304kJ/Kg.設(shè)進(jìn)汽機(jī)構(gòu)的節(jié)流損失^P0=0.04P0,可得調(diào)節(jié)級壓力=3.3MPa,并確定調(diào)節(jié)級前蒸汽狀態(tài)點(diǎn)1(3.3MPa,435C)過1點(diǎn)作等比熵線向下交PZ線于2點(diǎn)，查得h2t=2128KJ/Kg,整機(jī)理想比焓降(△h^rnac)’=h0-h2t=3304-2128=1176KJ/Kg.選取汽輪機(jī)的內(nèi)效率n=0.85,有

效比焓降△hmac=(△hmac)’*X\=999.6Kj/Kg,排氣比焓和hz=2304kj/kg.在焓熵圖上得排汽點(diǎn)Z,用直線連接1,Z,去兩點(diǎn)的中點(diǎn)沿等壓線下移21-25Kj/Kg，用光滑曲線連接1，3兩點(diǎn)，得熱力過程曲線的近似曲線見圖1，圖1選取給水溫度T=160°圖1選取給水溫度T=160°C回?zé)峒墧?shù)：5內(nèi)效率n=0.85排汽管中壓力損失主汽門和調(diào)節(jié)閥中節(jié)流損失△P0=(0.03?0.05)PO△P=(0.02?0.06)P

CC排汽管中壓力損失回?zé)岢槠苤械膲毫p失△Pe=(0.04?0.08)Pe2.汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)汽量D。nm=0.99n=0.97m=1.15△D=0.03D°D0=司h.macnmn*m+^D=3.6*20000*1.15/(93*0.99*0.97)+0.03AD=107.19t/h抽汽壓力確定采用大氣式除氧器壓力為0.118MPA飽和溫度為104.3°C加熱器號抽汽壓力Pe抽汽比焓he抽汽管壓損加熱器工作壓力Pe’飽和水溫度te’飽和水比焓he’出口端差給水出口溫度tw2給水出口比焓hw2H10.9296302480.8552172.5730.177165.5697.4H20.48288880.4416147619.277140592.4Hd0.1917276480.1764115.8437.770115.8486.7H30.09553264480.0878995.9402.2592.9381.5H40.03643249280.0335471.9300.9566.7276.2回?zé)岢槠髁康挠嬎鉎1高加給水量AD=0.5ADli=0.77ADC=1Dfw=D0-ADC+ADl1+AD」二107.19-1+0.77+0.5=107.46t/h抽汽量△D(h-h’)n=D(h-h)e1e1e1jrfwW2w1AD=氣(h2一婦=0.46(697.4-592.04)二%)el門.(h1-h')0.98(3024-730.17)H2高加抽汽量AD=氣,(氣-婦=107.46*105.28=5507(t/h)e2(h2-h頊.0.98(2888-619.27)H1疏水流入H2放熱AD=AD氣-氣=5.01*760.17-619.27=0.245(t/h)e1ee1h2-h22888-619.27考慮前軸封漏汽

AD=AD七―、=0.77*3098—619.27=0.84(t/h)餛iih-h'2888-619.2e2e2AD2=AD\-ADi-AD]=5.07-0.245-0.84=3.985(t/h)⑶Hd除氧器ADh+(AD+AD+AD)h+Dh=Dhededele2lle2cwwlfwedcwl1elAD'=2.35(//h)D+AD+AD+AD社+ADcwl1elAD'=2.35(//h)D=94.8(t/h)(4)H3低加h—h105.46AD=D)凹=95.65*=4.54(h)e3cw(h-h、(2644402.2)*0.98(5)H4低e3e3jr加AD'=Dhw2-hw1=95.65*105.46=4.64(//h)e4cw(h-h')n.(2492-300.9)0.98AD=AD、—h'e4=4.59*皿2-30°.9=。紂/h)e3ee3h-h'2492-300.9AD4"AD]-AD3=4.64-0.22=4.42(//h)回?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)的校驗a+a+a+a+a=少1+AD2+ADd+AD3+AD412345D0=0.193425.01+3.985+2.35+4.54+4.42=0.19342107.19a="33-AD4+ADi1=珀8154F二爵。。‘107.19nD0

1-寸ai——=0<0.011流經(jīng)各級組蒸汽量及其內(nèi)功率調(diào)節(jié)級D0=109.19(t/h)P=D0(h0—"=6133.65KWi03.6第一級組D1=D0-AD=107.19-1=106.19(t/h)P=Dh1-he1=106.193098—3024=2179kwn13.63.6第二級組D2=D-AD=106.19-5.01=101.18(t/h)3024-2888P=101.1836=3822kw第三級組D3=D2-AD2=97.175(t/h)pQ71Q2888-2764OQ/17P=97.1936=3347.9kw第四級組D=D-AD=97.195-2.35=94.85(t/h)P=94.8482764-2644=3160kwi43.6第五級組D5=D4-AD3=94.875-4.40=90.335(t/h)P=90.3352644—3492=3813.5kwi53.6第六級組D=D-AD=90.335-4.42=85.95(t/h)P=86.532492-2304=4485.88kwi63.6整機(jī)內(nèi)功率P=丈P=6134+2179+3822+3347+3160+3814+4485j=0=2694如計算汽機(jī)裝置的熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性

機(jī)械損失：P=P（1—門）=22189.1（1-0.99）=269kw汽機(jī)軸端功率：P=P—P=22189.1—222=26671kw發(fā)電機(jī)功率：P=P門=26671*0.97=25870kw內(nèi)功率大于25000KW合格汽耗率：d=汽耗率：d=1000D0P1071902130825870.78=4』3（匕曲））不抽汽估計汽耗率：1000D

0

叩1000D

0

叩0-P3.6m107190107.19*999.63.6=3.74（、kw.P—2700.97汽輪機(jī)裝置的熱耗率q=d（七—f=4.13*（3304—697.3）=10765.67（匕們）絕對電效率門=3600=3600=33.44%elq10765.6725MW凝汽式汽輪機(jī)熱平衡計算數(shù)據(jù)基本數(shù)據(jù)汽機(jī)初壓P0MPa3.43汽機(jī)初溫T0°C435汽機(jī)初比焓H0Kj/kg3304工作轉(zhuǎn)速nr/min3000冷卻水溫度Tc1C20射汽抽氣器耗汽量△ejt/h0.5射汽抽氣器比焓降Kj/kg21汽輪機(jī)總進(jìn)汽量D0t/h107.19前軸封漏汽△Dtt/h0.75流入凝汽器汽量Dct/h70.272汽機(jī)背壓PC’/PCMPa0.0050.0052凝汽器出口水溫LC36.1給水泵壓頭PfpMPa6.4抽汽冷卻器出口水溫tejC40

凝結(jié)泵壓頭pcpMPa1.2雙列速度級的熱力計算(1)速度級的選擇選擇雙列速度級(195-250KJ/Kg)選擇焓降為250kj/kg.故速度級的參數(shù)為:D0=D0=107.19(t/h)P=3.43(MPa)0t0=435°CX=0.25Ah=250(kJ/X=0.25噴嘴熱力計算⑴噴嘴理想焓降A(chǔ)h=Ah(1—Q—Q—Q')=250*0.85=212.5(kj/kg)ntbgbb⑵噴嘴進(jìn)口狀態(tài)參數(shù)P=3.3MPah0=3304kj/kgt=4350Cp0=10.53kg/m3⑶噴嘴出口狀態(tài)參數(shù)由△?可以從H-S圖上查得：p1=1.4MPap]=6.25kg/m3h〔=3091kj/kg⑷噴嘴形狀的確定p1.4前后壓比:￡n=p=3-3=0-42v匕廣0.546選用漸縮型噴嘴.⑸噴嘴出口速度

理想速度：C1=』2000刷*=J2000*250*0.85=651.9(m/s)速度系數(shù)中=0.97實際速度：氣=中匕=0.97*627.69=632.36(m/s)噴嘴出口汽流偏轉(zhuǎn)角31噴嘴出口汽流方向角a1=15〃sin(以+5)=11sina1sin150=0.27162565=0.76。1(6)輪周速度uu=X七=0.25*632.36=158.09(m/s)⑺速度級的平均直徑dm760u60*158.09d==m兀n3.14*30001.0069(m)⑻噴嘴出口面積AnA=n0.648、"無⑼噴嘴出口高度ln1071903600=77.51cm20.648/3.3*106*10.5377.51/=Alnnendsina10.6*3.14*100.69*sin15-=1.6cmo選取部分進(jìn)汽度e=0.6則葉高ln=16mm>15mm(10)噴嘴損失Ah低h=(1—cp2)h=(1-0.992)*250*0.85=12.56(kj/kg)nQn第一列動葉熱力計算⑴動葉進(jìn)口汽流的相對速度⑵根據(jù)c1,u1作速度三角形，由余弦定理可得:w=』c2+u2-2cucos(a+6)=\,，'632.262+158.092—632.26*158.09cos15.76。=482.03(m/s)=.1‘sing+6「=.]608.86sin15.13o1w463.62=20.87。⑶動葉出口汽流相對速度因為Qb=0則w=w=482.03(m/s)查圖，中b=0.878w2=pw=0.878*482.03=423.22(m/s)復(fù)速級動葉出口汽流角。2=%-(3?！?。)取p=20.87?！?o=17.8702⑷動葉絕對速度c=Jw2+u2-2wucosp=(482.032+158.092—2*482.03*158.09cos17.87。=275.93(m/s)a=sin】wcosP=1423.22cos17。2=sm-'2c22-smT—275.93=26.24o⑸動葉進(jìn)口狀態(tài)參數(shù)噴嘴出口實際狀態(tài)點(diǎn)參數(shù)動葉比焓h1=h1+△%=3091.5+12.56=3104kj/kg由H-S圖查得動葉進(jìn)口密度p1=6.25kg/m3⑸動葉進(jìn)口高度(△「At由表1-1查得)l'=l+A=l+Ar+Atb1nn=15.8+0.5+1.5=17.8mm(6)動葉出口面積A=—G—=1071903600=106.27(cm3)b匕七p20.93*482.03*6.25(ub由圖1-11查得)⑺動葉出口高度l=A,=些7=18mmb1endsinP20.6*3.14*100.6sin17.87。-、=18.5-18=0.5mm⑻動葉損失Ah二b^w2v、482.032,二—2^(1—中2)=(1-0.8782)=26.6kj/kg22000⑼動葉出口汽流狀態(tài)參數(shù)動葉出口比焓h2=七+小七廣3104+26.6=3130.6(kj/kg)查H-S圖得:出口密度p2=6.28kg/m3因為Qb=0則p1=p2導(dǎo)葉熱力計算⑴導(dǎo)葉中汽流的理想比焓降△hb=QbAh=0.05*250=12.5(kj/kg)⑵導(dǎo)葉出口汽流理想狀態(tài)參數(shù)由導(dǎo)葉進(jìn)口狀態(tài)(第一列動葉出口狀態(tài))參數(shù)和△hgb從H-S圖查得導(dǎo)葉出口壓力4=1.6MPa導(dǎo)葉出口比焓h=h2-Ahb=3118kj/kg導(dǎo)葉出口密度p1=6.18kg/m3⑶導(dǎo)葉出口汽流理想速度C=』2Ahgb+c;=J2000*12.5+275.932=318.02(m/s)導(dǎo)葉出口實際速度c=(pc=0.918*318.02=291.94(m/s)1gb1t(中泌由圖1-18查取)導(dǎo)葉出口汽流角a；=a2-(5o-10o)=26.64o-5.64o=21。(4)導(dǎo)葉進(jìn)口高度l'=l+A=l+Ar+At=18.2+2=20.2mmgbbb(6)導(dǎo)葉頂部漏汽量AG=e兀(d+e)8/2QAhp'gbtptgbgbt\gbtt1dwdl就l'gbmgbgbAG=0.6*0.6*3.14(1.0069+0.021)*10-^2*0.05*250*1000*6.18=0.45(kg/s)⑺導(dǎo)葉出口面積

Ggb107190,，'-0.45‘360。二159.0cm20.938*318.02*6.18~⑻導(dǎo)葉出口高度A158.44Ggbl=gb==23mmgbendsin*0.6*3.14*100.69*sin21。lb-1'b=23-20.8=2.8mm⑼導(dǎo)葉損失c'318.022Ahb=寸(1-92)=2000(1-0.9182)=7.93kj/kg(10)導(dǎo)葉出口汽流實際狀態(tài)參數(shù)導(dǎo)葉出口焓h;=h+Ahb=3118+7.93=3125.9的/kg由H-S圖查得導(dǎo)葉出口密度p1=6.26kg/m3第二列動葉熱力計算⑴動葉中汽流的理想比焓降A(chǔ)hb=Q'Ah=0.1*250=25kj/kg⑵動葉出口汽流理想狀態(tài)參數(shù)h2=h「Ahb=3125.93-25=3100.93kj/kgp=1.5MPa動葉出口密度p'p=1.5MPa動葉出口密度p'=5.56kg/m3K=<c;+u2-2uc;cos氣=寸291.92+158.092—2*291.9*158.09cos28。=155(m/s)155Q=sin-if^=291.9如21。=42.5。1551wi⑷動葉出口汽流相對速度相對理想速度：吧=^2Xh'+W'2=(2000*25+1552=272.07m/s相對實際速度：w2=9產(chǎn)2=0.928*272.07=252.48(m/s)(9'由圖1-18查得)b動葉出口汽流相對速度角P2=%'—(7。-8。)=42.5。-14.5。=28。⑸動葉出口汽流絕對速度c2=、；w;+u2-2w2ucos&2=p'252.482+158.092-2*252.48*158.09cos28。=135.10(m/s).wsin&'.252.48sin28?！璦'=sin-12=sin-1=61.3。2c2135.10(6)動葉損失TOC\o"1-5"\h\z,w'2207.072一，，Ah'=—(1-92)=(1-0.9282)=5.13kj/kgbC22000⑺余速損失c'2135.102Ah'=_^==9.1kj/kgc222000⑻動葉出口汽流實際狀態(tài)參數(shù)動葉出口實際比焓h2=氣+h區(qū)=3100.93+5.\3kj/kg⑼動葉進(jìn)口高度

l'=l'+A=l'+Ar+曷=23+2=25mmb2gbgb(10)動葉頂部漏汽量AG'=g(d'+1')5J2QAh‘p'bt1bbt、btt2td'=d1'=1由于bm,b2b2根部反動度-d'1.0069Q'=1—(1—Q')——=1-(1-0.1)=0.079bmd「1b1.007-0.025頂部反動度d'—1'1.007—0.025Q'=1—(1—Q)__b=1—(1—0.077)=0.12btrd'b+1'b1.007+0.025AG=0.6*0.6*3.14(1.007+0.025)*10-3頊2000*0.12*250*6.25bt=0.78kg/s(11)動葉出口面積G^b日'Wp'

b2t2tGG^b日'Wp'

b2t2tG—AGbt日'Wp'b2t2t107190—1.0536000.943*272.07*5.56=180cm2(ub由圖1-11查得)(12)動葉出口高度=29mm1=A人=180=29mmb2=勿dSing=0.6*3.14*100.7sin28。1b2—1庭=25.1—25=0.1mm輪周功校核1KG蒸汽所做的輪周功P1=uccos(a+5)+c'cosa'+ccosa+c'cosa'u1L111112222」=158.09[632.36cos15.76。+275.93cos26.64。+291.94cos21。+135.10cos61.3。=188.18好/kg

P2=Ah-(Ah+Ah+Nh+Nh'+M)

u1tn￡b^gb^區(qū)c2=250-(12.56+26.6+7.93+5.13+9.6)=188.54kj/kg.P2—P1△門=_iu=0.3%<1%1u計算符合要求輪周效率AhAh—(Ah+Ah+Ah+Ah'+Ah)門u-E"=Ah250—(12.56+26.6+7.93+5.13+9.6)女s==75.27%250級內(nèi)損失的計算⑴葉輪摩擦損失Apf=k—)3d2H1002=1.2(158.09)31.00726.25+6.18=29.88kw100AhfD1⑵葉高損失竺也=3600*29.88=/kg107190l=(l+1'+1+1'+1+1'+1)/7ngbgbb1bAhfD1⑵葉高損失=(16+20.2+23+17.8+18+25+25.1)/7=20.72(mm)a2一「「一Ah,=_Ah=2072*188.18=18.164(kj/kg)⑶部分進(jìn)汽損失鼓風(fēng)損失1&=1&=B_(1-e-3a=0.55*_L(1—0.6-竺)*0.253=0.0028640.62Ah=&Ah=0.002864*250=0.7161(kj/kg)斥汽損失&=c&=cWx=0.016*2eedn*0.250.6*1.007=0.0135AhsAhe=&E0=AAhsAhe=&E0=Ahw⑷導(dǎo)葉及動葉頂部漏汽損失=0.0135*250=3.375%/kg+Ah=1.2+3.75=4.95(kj/kg)Ah=*Ggb：A氣htgu=0.45+0.78(118.18-15)=4.26(kj/kg)1071903600級的內(nèi)功率P=GAh=G(Ah*-Ah-Ah-Ah-Ah-Ah-Ah-Ah-Ah-Ah)t1n。區(qū)gbQbQc2ecft=10719礦*[250-(12.56+26.6+7.93+5.13+9.6+4.95+3.375+4.26+9.1)=4957.4(kw)級的內(nèi)效率AhiE0154.3==61.72%~^5O7.壓力級的確定及焓降的分配1.第一壓力級的平均直徑:60*x^Gv1——Ht—兀2nelusina\60*0.42*0.397*107190*0.2375\'3.14*3.14*3000*3600*0.015*0.97*sin19=1.11m2.凝汽式汽輪機(jī)末級直徑的估算GJy140*印macsina=1660mm:86490*25*4￥.2*1176*002^sin90。*3.14*36003,平均理想焓降的計算L155.5mmd11100mmX10.421L257.5mmd21150mmX20.431L362.5mmd31250mmX30.441L467.5mmd41350mmX40.4446L573.5mmd51470mmX50.456各級組的直徑及反動度L683mmd61660mmX60.5各級的理想焓降估算根據(jù)％,x0,Ah2和Ah*由焓熵圖可得％*=0.037Ah=12.337(1,15)2=87.73好/kg120.4311.25Ah3=12.337(0441)2=99.01k//kg1.35Ah4=12.337(0441)2=88kj/kg.1.35,,Ah5=12.337(0456)2=128.07kj/kgAh=12.337(166)2=135.84kj/kgt60.50級的平均理想焓降

+Ah+Ah+Ah+Ah+Ah)/121314156/6=110.01k//kg級數(shù)目的確定Z淄tf)/A=E5+心)。10110.1比焓降分配輔助表格Z淄tf)/A=E5+心)。10110.1級號平均直徑速比計算比焓取定比焓級后壓力dmXa△ht△ht’Pi’111100.42185.67681.3211300.4385.10720.8311600.4486.56760.58412100.4589.10800.4512700.45596.01800.26613400.46104.58840.14713800.47106.21840.08814400.48110.961040.03915400.49121.731040.0151016000.5135.84120.00518.回?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)抽汽壓力的重新確定加抽汽抽汽抽加熱器飽和飽和水出給水給水出熱壓力比焓汽工作壓水溫比焓口出口口比焓器Pehe管力Pe’度te’he’端溫度hw2號壓差tw2

損H11307480.8552177749.97170723H20.58290480.5336154649.67147622.83Hd0.262748170.2392125.6527.60125.6531.6H30.08260880.073694393.78589372H40.035250080.03266.13276.75561276.75(1)H1高加給水量Dfw=D0-ADC+ADli+AD」=107.19-0.75+0.58+0.5=107.52t/h抽汽量△D(h-h’)n=Dfw(h-h)e1e1e1jrW2w1AD二一h廣婦二1°7.52(723-622.83)小(冊)el門(h1-h1')0.98(3074-740)⑵H2高加=氣(、一叩=I07”22.38-53D=445(,/h)(h2-h頊.0.98(2904-649.6)AD=ADhe1-he2leelAD=ADhe1-he2leelh—h'224.73*749-649.62904-649.6=0.21(t/h)ADlle=AD11h一h=0.580*3098.1-649.42094-649.6=0.63(t/h)AD2=AD，2-ADi-ADii=4.45-0.21-0.63=3.61(t/h)⑶Hd除氧器ADh+(AD+AD+AD)h+Dh=Dhedede1e211e2cww1fwedD+AD+AD+ADd+AD2=D歸cwelADd=2(t/h)D=96.6(t/h)(4)H3低加AD=Dh2-hw1e3cwQA*372-256.09=96*=5.13(t/h)(h3-h'3)n.(2608-393.78)*0.98⑸H4低加M勺=96*256.09一171」7=3.29(t/h)(h-h')n(2470-280.8)0.98e4e4jr=ADh：3-he4=3.29*393.78-276.75=0.27(t/h)e3h-h2500-276.75e4e4=DcwADe3eAD=AD'-AD=3.29-0.27=3.02(t/h)e4e4e3e回?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)的校驗a+a+a+a+aAD+AD+AD+AD+AD__d~D'"04.73+3.61+2+5.13+3.02=16.04107.19氣一AD3-AD4+ADi1=0.8332D0ai—=0.0024<0.01流經(jīng)各級組流量及其內(nèi)功率調(diào)節(jié)級D0=107.19(t/h)P=D0(h0-"=5896KWi03.6第一級組D1=D0-AD=107.19-0.75=106.44(t/h)P=Dh1-、=106.443146-3074=2128.8Si113.63.6第二級組D=D1-AD1=106.44-4.73=101.73(t/h)3074-2904P2=101.713"6=4803kw第三級組D3=D2-AD2=98.11(t/h)P=98.112904-2748=4251.4kw/33.6第四級組D4=D3-ADd=98.11-2=96.11(t/h)P=96.112748-2608=3738kw泌3.6第五級組D5=D4-AD3=96.11-5.13=90.98(t/h)P=90.982608-2500=2729.4kwi53.6第六級組D6=D5-AD4=90.98-3.02=87.96(t/h)P6=87.9625°°3；304=4788.9kw整機(jī)內(nèi)功率P=勇P=4944+2847.7+3065.3+3241.4+2766.5+2224.5+3126j=0=283343裝置熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性機(jī)械損失AP=P(1一門)=28334(1-0.99)=283知汽機(jī)軸端損失P=P-AP=28334-283=28051知發(fā)電機(jī)功率P=P門=28051*0.97=27209.79kw汽耗率d=10004=空=3.93("P279209'(kw.h)e不抽汽估計汽耗率1000D0叩01000D0叩0一氣）-AP3.6m107190107.19*1176—一—-2830.97=328（匕頃）3.6汽機(jī)裝置熱耗率q=d（h0-h加）=4.26*（3304-723）=10995（噓們）絕對電效率360010995=360010995=32.7%門=elq9.壓力級第九級第十級的詳細(xì)熱力計算演示1.級內(nèi)的比焓降分配（1）焓降A(chǔ)h廣104kj/kg初焓h0=2500初速c0=92.45m/s初壓P0=0.037MP反動度Q=0.2等熵滯止焓降A(chǔ)h*=Ah+盤=108.43⑵蒸汽在動葉的理想比焓降:Ahb=Q*h*=0.2*108.3=21.662.噴管的熱力計算⑴噴管前后的蒸汽參數(shù)根據(jù)p,xAh2以Ah由h-s圖得噴管滯止壓力p*=0.037滯止比焓Ah*=2540.3滯止密度P0*=0.22kg/m噴管前比焓h°=2500噴管后壓力pj0.°17MP理想密度P1「0.125kg/m3理想比焓七=2418⑵噴管截面積形狀的確定等熵指數(shù)k=1.035+0.1x=1.129臨界壓比(28-'』=0.566ckk+1J噴管前后壓力比￡=0.016/0.035=0.457因為s<0.457，所以汽流在噴管出口為超聲速流動但是8>0.3~0.4故噴管應(yīng)該是漸縮型超音速斜切部分達(dá)到超音速。⑶臨界參數(shù)的計算臨界壓力p=pJ*8=0.037*0.566=0.021MP臨界焓h=2440臨界密度P=0.147kg/m3臨界速度c2(hj-h)=358.6m/s⑷噴管出口汽流速度噴管出口汽流理想速度c=（E=416.25m/s1tn噴管出口的實際汽流速度C=中*c=0.97*416.25=403.77m/s噴管出口汽流出口角（氣+氣）因為噴管出口壓力p1<p，斜切部分中汽流產(chǎn)生膨脹，發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)，所以噴管汽流出口角應(yīng)為噴管出氣角a1加上81而sin(a+5)=sina土%=0.228131iiicUItcra+5=13.187ii8=0.187。i⑸隔板漏氣量計算/qAZ?*AG=g?P土=1.0x10-2PPY+JZVP⑹流經(jīng)噴管的流量G=G-AG=2531kg/m、nP⑺噴管葉柵出口面積AA=”=0.4309m2n0.648^p*.p*⑻噴管出口高度/￡=n=395.36mm〃endsinam⑼噴管損失A/z=(l-(p2)A/z*=5A2kj/kgn(10)噴管出口蒸汽參數(shù)噴管出口實際比始值h1h=h+Ah=2423A2kj/kg1It噴管出口的實際密度值p=1/7.8=0.128kg/m313動葉柵熱力計算

圓周速度u=*=241.78m/s60動葉進(jìn)口相對速度①=』c2+u2-2cucos(a+8)=177.17m/s氣的方向角p1P=tg-iCiSin(ai+§i)=31.32。1ccos(a+8)-u動葉出口速度動葉進(jìn)口汽流焓W2=~2=15.69kj/kg動葉出口汽流理想相對速度w2=』2(%+%)=273.30m/s動葉出口汽流的實際相對速度①=甲.必=256.08m/s動葉出口相對速度汽流角p2一般P2=P1-(3o?10o)選取時應(yīng)使動葉出口高度不低于進(jìn)口高度現(xiàn)取p2=P1-5o=31.32-5o=26.32根據(jù)氣，W2=~2=15.69kj/kgc=Jw2+u2-2wucos26.32=114.2m/s動葉出口汽流的速度方向角a2：.①sinBa=sin一］22c2=83.840⑶動葉損失△hb￡=32t2（1-Q）/2=4.56kj/kg⑷動葉出口蒸汽參數(shù)動葉出口理想比焓降h2t=h1-Ahb=2423-21.66=2401.34kj/kg動葉出口理想密度p2t=0.111kg/m3動葉出口壓力P2=0.016MPa動葉出口壓比8=L=0016=0.94>8（動葉中為亞音速流動）bp10.017r動葉出口實際比焓h2=h2+Ahb8=1401.34+4.56=2405.90動葉出口實際密度p2=0.115kg/m3動葉出口干度x2=0.917（5）動葉出口高度《=l+A.+A=400mm（6）動葉定不漏氣量積計算AG=平兀（6+e）6pJqAh*（7）動葉出口截面積

A^=一G—=0.857m2"b2F2t（8）動葉出口高度lb>lb故p2選擇符合要求。l=—A^-lb>lb故p2選擇符合要求。余速動能浙「,C2Ahc2c2Ahc2c2114.22——2—=20002000=6.52jk/kg4.輪周功及功率的計算通過輪周的有效焓降計算輪周功P=Ah*-Ah-Ah-Ah=96.1kl/kgutnzb￡c2通過速度三角形計算的輪周功P=u(ccos(a+5)+ccosa)=98.01u11122Pu與Pj基本相同，符合要求。5.級內(nèi)的各項損失的計算(1)葉高損失Ah=-Ah=0.38kj/kgllu

n（2）葉輪摩擦損失摩擦耗功AP=k（土）3d2/v=12.17kwf11000.48用能量表示摩擦損失Ah=土=12.17/25.32fG隔板漏汽損失Ah=^ph'=0.036kj/kgpGu

頂部漏氣Ah=區(qū)Ah'=0.04kj/kg濕氣損失Ah=(1-x)Ah'=(1-^0±^2)Ah'=6.06kj/kg2/級的內(nèi)功率P=G*Ah=25.32(91.72+0.56)=2336.52kw10.第十級的詳細(xì)熱力計算1.級內(nèi)的比焓降分配0.48⑴焓降A(chǔ)h廣102kj/kg初壓P0=0.016MP初焓h0=2404初壓P0=0.016MP初速c=114.2m/s反動度Q=0.2等熵滯止焓降A(chǔ)h*tc2=Ah+2000=126.52kj/kg⑶蒸汽在動葉的理想比焓降:Ahb=Q*h*=0.2*108.3=25.34kj/kg2.噴管的熱力計算⑴噴管前后的蒸汽參數(shù)根據(jù)p「xAhc2以Ah*由h-s圖得噴管滯止壓力p*=0.037MPa滯止比焓Ah*=2540.3kj/kg滯止密度p0*=0.117kg/m3噴管前比焓h0=2404噴管后壓力pj0.0055理想密度P］「0.05理想比焓q=2328kj/kg⑵噴管截面積形狀的確定等熵指數(shù)k=1.035+0.1x=1.1235臨界壓比(2『〕s->")=0.579cr盤+1)噴管前后壓力比￡=0.016/0.035=0.35因為s<0.457，所以汽流在噴管出口為超聲速流動但是8>0.3~0.4故噴管應(yīng)該是漸縮型超音速斜切部分達(dá)到超音速。⑶臨界參數(shù)的計算臨界壓力p-p0**s=0.037*0.566-0.009246MPa臨界焓h=2352kj/kg臨界密度p=0.0769臨界速度c-J2(h0*-h)-340.57m/s⑷噴管出口汽流速度噴管出口汽流理想速度c二應(yīng)X薩=450.72m/s1t噴管出口的實際汽流速度C=中*c=0.97*416.25=436.6m/s噴管出口汽流出口角(氣+氣)因為噴管出口壓力p1<p，斜切部分中汽流產(chǎn)生膨脹，發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)，所以噴管汽流出口角應(yīng)為噴管出氣角a1加上81而sin(a+8)=sina氣”1t=0.2615iiicUitcra+8=15.15811=2.15⑸隔板漏氣量計算=0.5x10-2△G=pi.pp⑹流經(jīng)噴管的流量G=G-AG=24.47kgI=0.5x10-2△G=pi.ppA==0.87392m2n0.648、/p*.p*voo⑻噴管出口高度/nA￡=?=745mm〃endsinam⑼噴管損失A/i=(l-(p2)A/z*=5.98kj/kg?￡n噴管出口蒸汽參數(shù)噴管出口實際比培值h1h=h+A/z=2314.12好/kg1It噴管出口的實際密度值P=1/7.8=0.06kg/m3i3動葉柵熱力計算動葉柵進(jìn)口速度圓周速度〃==260.62m/s60動葉進(jìn)口相對速度cd=Jc2+u2-2citcos(oc+8)=196.35m/si*iiiico的方向角J3ii

P=tgt儀W2)=35.276。1ccos(a+o)-u動葉出口速度動葉進(jìn)口汽流焓Ag?i=Ag?i=19.27kj/kgO2=』2(Ahb+A幻)=298.6m/s動葉出口汽流的實際相對速度①=甲.必=279.76m/s動葉出口相對速度汽流角p2一般p2=pi-(3。?10。)選取時應(yīng)使動葉出口高度不低于進(jìn)口高度現(xiàn)取p2=P1-5。=35.275-5。=30.275。根據(jù)氣，U，可作出動葉出口速度三角形動葉出口汽流絕對速度C2c=Jw2+u2—2wucos26.32=142.3動葉出口汽流的速度方向角a2：.①sinPa=sin-i22c2=82.30⑶動葉損浙昵=3疽(1-/)/2=5.4kg⑷動葉出口蒸汽參數(shù)動葉出口理想比焓降h2t=h1-Ahb=2324-25=2299kj/kg動葉出口理想密度p2t=0.045kg/m3

動葉出口壓力P2=0.0045MPa動葉出口壓比8=L=00竺=0.81>8（動葉中為亞音速流動）bp10.0055r動葉出口實際比焓h2=h2+Ahbg=2299+5.4=2304動葉出口實際密度p2=0.005kg/m3動葉出口干度x2=0883（5）動葉出口高度《=1+A+A=748.5mm（6）動葉定不漏氣量積計算AG=e叩（々+匕）8p2』QAh*=0.4kg/s（7）動葉出口截面積A=——巳—=2.516m2b日①p（8）動葉出口高度l=—Ab&=820mm|>|，故R選擇符合要求b兀dsinPbb2余速動能Ahr?c2AhcAhc2c2114.22——2—=20002000=10.12jk/kg5.輪周功及功率的計算通過輪周的有效焓降計算輪周功P=Ah*-Ah-Ah-Ah=105.2kl/kgutn8b8c2通過速度三角形計算的輪周功P=u(ccos(a+8)+ccosa)=110.8u11122Pu與Pu，基本相同，符合要求。5.級內(nèi)的各項損失的計算（1）葉高損失a△h〔=-Ah=0.224kj/kgn（2）葉輪摩擦損失摩擦耗功AP=k（土*d2/v=\7.75kw

fi100用能量表示摩擦損失Ah=土=12.17/25.32=0.73fG（6）隔板漏汽損失Ah=ph'=0.02kj/kgpGu（4）頂部漏氣Ah=邑Ah、=2.14kj/kgtGu（5）濕氣損失Ah=（1-x）Ah=（1-）Ah=10.34025好/kg2（6）級的內(nèi)功率P=G*Ah=3047kw級數(shù)1234焓降△"68727680初焓h06146307429902904初壓P01.71.30.80.58初速C0198.9991.898892.577反動度0.080.080.090.09等熵滯止焓降87.7976.2279.87284.258噴嘴等熵滯止焓降80.7770.12472.68376.699噴嘴理想出口速度401.93374.497381.27391.66等熵出口焓值3065.5230032917.312827

V1t0.190.310.270.6P11.30.780.750.4出口面積An144.47195207433等熵滯止焓3165.7893003.8729932908查得P0(0)1.71.410.95壓比0.7640.72220.80.421隔板漏氣量0.003650.3290.310.143流量107.19102.46102.4698.85有效流量106.725102.13102.4698.76級速比0.420.430.4190.45⑻級理想速度419.04390.44399.67410.57⑼圓周速度175.99167.88167.46184.75⑽平均直徑動葉1065106910671177⑽平均直徑噴嘴1063106810661176(11)噴嘴出口角al13131313葉片數(shù)46464646估算玄長110110110110噴嘴節(jié)距76.4572.972.7680.27相對節(jié)距0.6950.660.660.729(12)噴嘴高度18262852(13)動葉高度20283054(14)噴嘴實際出口速度389.87363.26369.82379.91(15)噴嘴損失4.774.144.294.53(16)噴嘴實際出口焓3069.9993008.022921.612831(17)動葉進(jìn)口角B10.43010.4390.43130.4609(反正切)角度B123.27523.723.3324.74(18)動葉進(jìn)口相對速度251.61203.28210.06204.16(19)理想相對速度221.94203.21210.06238.44h2t3064.5300229142824查P21.31.10.820.4V2t0.190.250.290.6[21]動葉出口面積Ab237.65325.53361.15732.41[22]動葉出口角B20.33750.34630.35930.3669(反正玄)角度B219.7220.26521.0521.53需動葉數(shù)目212203202223Tb0.6470.6470.6470.647Bb25.625.625.625.6[23]動葉出口相對速度235.759216.71226.63223.42[24]動葉損失3.863.263.5693.46[25]動葉絕對出口角a21.7332.111.843.55(反正切)角度60.01564.7461.5974.284[26]動葉絕對出口速度91.8882.9992.5785.17[27]余速損失4.223.444.283.627[28]葉高損失4.993.012.91.677

[29]輪周焓降74.9465.36967.7272.65[30]輪周效率85.35585.7684.7886.2[31]扇形損失0.0190.036640.04410.1241[32]摩擦耗功1.2160.76240.6490.53109[34]隔伴汽封漏汽損失1.5190.98070.95750.49[35]葉頂漏汽損失1.89891.081.0460.5628頂部反動度0.06320.0550.060.04624當(dāng)量間隙0.640.640.640.64[37]有效焓降65.2959.49462.1269.269[38]焓降H23080.7301429272834[39]效率65.2981.1691.4985.3利用系數(shù)0.770.810.850.85[40]做功1944169317681902級數(shù)5678焓降△"808484104初焓h02811274826522608初壓P00.40.30.190.202初速C085.178685.005580.062292.45反動度0.10.10.1140.13等熵滯止焓降83.627687.612987.2049108.2736噴嘴等熵滯止焓降75.264978.851677.263694.198噴嘴理想出口速度387.9817197.1188393.0995434.0462等熵出口焓值2735.7352669.14832574.73632513.8019V1