高三一輪復習講義外研版第一講讀后續(xù)寫先讀懂——“讀什么”寫作進階讀后續(xù)寫讀后續(xù)寫語篇一般是350詞左右的記敘文，多用過去時態(tài)。學生在考試中往往感覺讀后續(xù)寫時間不夠用，多是因為閱讀速度太慢、理解不準確、抓不住重點等原因，給后續(xù)寫作造成障礙，難以寫出合格的文章。本節(jié)就閱讀時如何快速掌握重要信息、梳理情節(jié)，向?qū)W生們介紹了以下幾個微技能：微技能一標注六大要素記敘文是以記人、敘事為主，閱讀語篇時重點關注文本的六大要素，即5W1H(who，when，where，what，why和how)。梳理所給文本的主要內(nèi)容，即人物、時間、地點、事件起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果，為續(xù)寫的情節(jié)構(gòu)思提供依據(jù)與方向。需要注意的是，不一定每篇文章都包含這六個要素，所以當無法找全這六要素時不要糾結(jié)，閱讀中應快速列出已找出的要素，梳理出原文本的故事情節(jié)。微技能二串聯(lián)時空順序讀后續(xù)寫的文本故事性很強，一般都會由一系列小情節(jié)構(gòu)成，每個情節(jié)就是不同時間、不同空間下人物的具體活動，因此，學生可以根據(jù)時間、地點的變化來梳理原文本的故事情節(jié)。微技能三確定情感基調(diào)情感基調(diào)指文章的感情色彩，即作者表達的情感態(tài)度，如：是幽默詼諧還是沉悶、是歡快愉悅還是傷感、是積極向上還是消沉。確定情感基調(diào)也就把握了原文人物的性格特征，這樣續(xù)寫人物的心理情感才不會跑偏，才能與所給原文緊密結(jié)合。閱讀中可以通過文中的形容詞或動詞、人物對話以及環(huán)境描寫來判斷情感基調(diào)。微技能四厘清人物關系讀后續(xù)寫中有時會涉及含有人物關系較為復雜的語篇，這時厘清人物關系就很關鍵，這可以幫助學生更加合理地預設文中人物的后續(xù)行為，從而讓續(xù)寫情節(jié)更加合理。邊讀原文邊畫出人物關系圖，可以幫助學生快速清晰地了解文中人物之間的關系，為續(xù)寫服務。微技能五分析矛盾沖突讀后續(xù)寫記敘文原文本中大多會有一個矛盾沖突點，續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容就是順著矛盾沖突的發(fā)展脈絡，找到解決矛盾沖突點的過程。因此，明確矛盾沖突點是非常重要的。矛盾沖突點主要體現(xiàn)在人物所想達到的目的與目前阻礙其達到這一目的的因素上。續(xù)寫的大方向就是通過提供清除障礙、達成目標的方式和方法解決這一矛盾沖突。技能典例(2024·新課標Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。ImetGunteronacold,wetandunforgettableeveninginSeptember.IhadplannedtoflytoViennaandtakeabustoPragueforaconference.Duetoabigstorm,myflighthadbeendelayedbyanhourandahalf.ItoucheddowninViennajust30minutesbeforethedepartureofthelastbustoPrague.ThemomentIgotofftheplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingandjumpedintothefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.

ThatwaswhenImetGunter.ItoldhimwhereIwasgoing,buthesaidhehadn'theardofthebusstation.Ithoughtmypronunciationwastheproblem,soIexplainedagainmoreslowly,buthestilllookedconfused.WhenIwasabouttogiveup,Gunterfishedouthislittlephoneandrangupafriend.Afteraheateddiscussionthatlastedforwhatseemedlikeacentury,Gunterputhisphonedownandstartedthecar.

Finally,withjusttwominutestosparewerolledintothebusstation.Thankfully,therewasalongqueue(隊列)stillwaitingtoboardthebus.Gunterparkedthetaxibehindthebus,turnedaround,andlookedatmewithabigsmileonhisface.“Wemadeit，”hesaid.

JustthenIrealisedthatIhadzerocashinmywallet.IflashedhimanapologeticsmileasIpulledoutmyPortuguesebankcard.Hetrieditseveraltimes,butthecardmachinejustdidnotplayalong.AfeelingofhelplessnesswashedovermeasIsawthebusqueuethinningout.

Atthismoment,Gunterpointedtowardsthewaitinghallofthebusstation.There,attheentrance,wasacashmachine.Ijumpedoutofthecar,madeamadrunforthemachine,andpoppedmycardin,onlytoreadthemessage：“Outoforder.Sorry.”注意：(1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；(2)請按如下格式作答。

IranbacktoGunterandtoldhimthebadnews.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Sorry,Ican'ttakecashout.”Isaidembarrassedly,withmyfaceburning.Hearingmywords,Gunterrepliedwiththefamiliarsmileonhisface,

“That'sOK;justgoahead;youcanpaymeatyourconvenience.”SosurprisedandmovedwasIthatIcouldn'tsayawordout.Itookoutmynotebook,askedGunter'snumberandwroteitdownhurriedly,promisingIwouldcallhimback.ThenImadeamadrunforthebusandleft.

Fourdayslater,whenIwasbackinVienna,IcalledGunteraspromised.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThemomentGunterpickedupthephone,heseemedtoknowIwasgoingtocall.“Iknowit'syou，”hesaidsoftly.Aswemetthefollowingdayatthedepartureplace,Iexpressedmygreatgratitudetohim.Ipaidhimbackandofferedanextra$10tip;however,herefusedthetip,saying“Itisnotabigdeal.”Suddenly,awarmcurrentwashedoverme.ItwasatthattimethatIfeltblessedtohavemetsuchawarm-heartedmanlikeGunterwhohasaheartofgold.技能應用1．尋找六大要素(1)who：______________________________(2)when：______________________________(3)where：_______________(4)what：__________________(5)why：ThemomentIarrivedatthebusstationby____fromtheairport,IrealisedthatIhad__________inmywallet.(6)how：Ipulledoutmy____________________．Guntertrieditseveraltimes,butthecardmachine_____________________．ThenIpoppedmycardinthecashmachineattheentrancetothebusstation,onlytoreadthemessage：“________________．”I,thetaxidriverGunteronaneveninginSeptemberatthebusstationpayingforataxiridetaxizerocashPortuguesebankcardjustdidnotplayalongOutoforder.Sorry2．串聯(lián)時空順序作者飛機降落晚點，但第一時間乘上了出租車→出租車司機不認識路，他及時打電話咨詢了朋友→出租車提前兩分鐘到達公交車站，但作者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人在排隊上車→出租車司機把車停在公交車后面，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)身上沒現(xiàn)金支付車費→作者掏出銀行卡，司機嘗試后發(fā)現(xiàn)銀行卡機無法使用→司機在公交車站入口發(fā)現(xiàn)提款機，但作者發(fā)現(xiàn)提款機出故障。3．確定情感基調(diào)(1)根據(jù)第一段ranlikecrazy,jumpedinto,withoutasecondthought可以得知，作者由于飛機晚點而造成了焦慮和急躁的情緒。(2)第二段中作者和出租車司機交流中出現(xiàn)問題，根據(jù)wasabouttogiveup，whatseemedlikeacentury可以看出，作者的情感基調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊o助和接近絕望。還好，司機及時解決了問題，順利到達了公交車站。從第三段中Thankfully可以看出，作者的情緒得到了很大的緩解，感到萬幸。(3)在支付出租車費用時，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身上沒有現(xiàn)金，情感是apologetic，感到抱歉。接下來作者掏出銀行卡，但銀行卡機無法使用，從afeelingofhel