1、英語名詞性從句,Noun Clause,Review: 英語句子的種類有兩種，按句子的用途可分為陳述、疑問、祈使和感嘆句四種。而按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：,簡單句 并列句 3) 復(fù)合句,主語+謂語 主語+謂語+賓語 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語 主語+謂語+間賓+直賓 主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ),簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句,主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句,1.He often reads English in the morning. 2.You help him and he helps you. 3.My suggestion is that we should study step by step. 4.Both To

2、m and Mike are American boys. 5.He said that he has known all before.,請判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：,簡單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,簡單句,復(fù)合句,復(fù)合句,定語從句 名詞性從句 狀語從句,復(fù)合句：主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句,起名詞性作用的從句，叫名詞性從句。 換言之，在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語部分，換由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，這樣的句子就是名詞性從句。,請思考,定語從句的定義：,起定語作用，用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句。,名詞性從句定義,Related Conception (相關(guān)概念),1.名詞:,表

3、示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。,2.名詞在句子作什么成分?,名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。,The boy is Li Ming.,主語,表語,Miss. Liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us English .,主語,同位語,賓語,1. The boy is Li Ming. 2. What he said is correct. .,(名詞作主語),（從句作主語）,1. 在句中充當(dāng)主語的從句叫做主語從句。,用it作形式主語的主語從句,如果主語從句太長，為了避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，可以用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。,It

4、is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday. It is reported that China has sent another man-made satellite into orbit. It doset matter whether he is wrong or not.,3. We love peace. 4. He said that he has known all before.,(名詞作賓語),(從句作賓語),2. 在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞或介詞或be+adj.后賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。,We always mean

5、what we say.我們向來說話算數(shù)。 He goes to the library every day except when it is raining. He is confident that he will win.,作動(dòng)詞的賓語,作介詞的賓語,作形容詞的賓語,某些表示心理狀態(tài)的形容詞在句中作表語時(shí)，后面可跟賓語從句。,It 作形式賓語,it 不僅可以作形式主語，還可以作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的that從句放在句尾，特別是用在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 I think it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea. I think it

6、 best that you should seek for a solution to the problem. 在口語或非正式文體中，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that ?？墒÷浴５问劫e語it后面的that 不能省略。,5. You are a student. 6. The fact is that she never knew the secret.,(名詞作表語),(從句作表語),3. 在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句(即放在be動(dòng)詞后面)叫做表語從句。,注意： The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital.,其他從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的表

7、語從句 because ,as,as if,as though等也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。 Things are not as they seem to be. 事情并不是像它們表面上看起來那樣。 I think it is because you are too serious. He felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago.,7.Miss. Liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us English . 8.The news that our team had won made us happy.,(名詞

8、作同位語),(從句作同位語),4. 在句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句. 其用途是對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明 該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。可以跟同位語從句的名詞 通常是news,idea,fact,word,hope,advice等。,在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，那么這個(gè)句子就叫_。,主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句,名詞性從句,名詞性從句,請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句：,What I want to do is to go shopping. 2. The news that they won the game spread th

9、e whole school. 3. I dont think that he is an honest boy. 4. The fact is that he stole the car.,判斷從句的方法： 一 找引導(dǎo)詞劃從句 二 找謂語動(dòng)詞 三 看從句在主句的位置,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,(主語從句),(同位語從句),(賓語從句),(表語從句),5. The problem is what we should do next. 6. The news that he couldnt come makes us upset. 7. Our purpose is that he can

10、 realize his faults. 8. Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句,(表語從句),(同位語從句),(表語從句),(同位語從句),試區(qū)分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,注意：1. 定語從句，從句是不完整的，關(guān)系詞充當(dāng)成分；而同位語從句中的that只起連接作用。 2. 定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)

11、容。,(同從),(定從),一、同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處,1. 都跟在名詞后； 2. 都可以翻譯成 “的”,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. 你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。,（同位語從句）,（定語從句）,二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處,1、含義不同：同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋說明，知道具體內(nèi)容，指同一件事（可以劃等號(hào)）；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞，不知道具

12、體內(nèi)容。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）,二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處,2、引導(dǎo)詞 區(qū)別：同位語從句中，that：無成分，用于肯定句； 定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。,e.g. Dad made a promise

13、that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）,（that 不充當(dāng)任何成分）,I. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences說出下列從句的功能：A: Appositive（同位語）; B: Attributive（定語）,His proposal that we go there on

14、foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his abs

15、ence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.,B,B,B,連接副詞（4個(gè)）：when、 why、where、 how,引導(dǎo)詞,從屬連詞（3個(gè)）：that 、if、 whether,連接代詞 （9個(gè)）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、,名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（1）：,從句中的每一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都有3個(gè)功能，分別如下:,從屬連詞,“that”-無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用,“if”- “是否”、不作成份、起連接作用,“

16、whether”-“是否”、不作成份、起連接作用,1、That we will realize our dreams in the future is certain . 2、The fact is that Beijing will hold 29th Olympic Games this year. 3、I know that well begun is half done . 4、He heard the news that Liuxiang set a new world record .,“that”-無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,（同位語從

17、句）,1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、The problem is whether you could give us some valuable advice . 3、I asked him whether he could do me a favor . 4、Could you tell me the question whether English is useful for us now.,“whether”-“是否”、不作成份、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,（同位語從句）,

18、If 只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首的主語從句。Whether四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。,If與whether的區(qū)別：,1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、I asked him whether he could do me a favor .,請思考：,1、It depends on weather if she will come back on time .,2、I asked him if he could do me a favor .,1、If 只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語從句、不放于句首的

19、主語從句。Whether四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。 2、whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語，不用if 。 3、whether or not 連在一起可以，但if不可以。而“whether-or not = if -or not”,If與whether的區(qū)別：,1、I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well o

20、r not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,請用if / whether填空：,whether,連接代詞,名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（2）：,“who”-“誰”、作主語、起連接作用,“whom”-“誰”、作賓語、起連接作用,

21、“what”-“事情”、作主表賓、起連接作用,“whose”-“誰的”、作定語、起連接作用,“which”-“哪-”、作定語、起連接作用,“who”-“誰”、作主語、起連接作用,1、Who will go to the college is still uncertain . 2、The trouble is who could lend me some money . 3、He want to know who picked up his mobile phone .,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,1、Whom you will learn from is worth think

22、ing over . 2、The thing I am anxious about is whom he will turn to for help . 3、His mother asked him whom he could believe in .,“whom”-“誰”、作賓語、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,1、What I desire to get is a good reputation . 2、What he will tell me is what I have been expecting to know . 3、They agree with what

23、 I said just now .,“what”-“事情”、作主表賓語、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,1、Which class is suitable for us isnt most important . 2、What he wants to ask you now is which team won the game . 3、Could you tell me which one is right .,“which”-“哪-”、作定語、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,1、Whose bag was the most beautiful i

24、s still unknown now . 2、The question is whose friends could lend me a hand . 3、I want to know whose suggestion is more practical .,“whose”-“誰的”、作定語、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（3）：,連接代詞,“whomever”- “-的任何人”、作賓語、,“whoever”- “-的任何人”、作主語、,“whatever”- “-的任何東西”、作主表賓語、,“whichever”- “無論哪個(gè)或哪些-”、作定語

25、、,“whoever”- “-的任何人”、作主語、起連接作用,1、Whoever could solve the problem will be rewarded . 2、The person I will praise is whoever could work out the question . 3、You should appreciate whoever helped you in the past .,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,“whomever”- “-的任何人”、作賓語、起連接作用,1、Whomever you will meet in the meeting

26、is excellent . 2、The person I could depend on is whomever you believe in . 3、You should learn from whomever I praised yesterday .,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,1、Whatever you did in the past was very meaningful . 2、What we should do is whatever is worth doing . 3、We should do whatever is worth doing .,“whate

27、ver”- “-的任何東西”、作主表賓語、,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,“whichever”- “-的哪些或哪個(gè)”、作定語,1、Whichever team win the game is possible . 2、The fact is whichever teacher could help you learn English well . 3、You could choose whichever book you want .,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（4）：,連接副詞,“why”- “為什么”、作狀語、起連接作用,“how”- “

28、如何”、作狀語、起連接作用,“where”- “什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作用,“when”- “什么時(shí)候”、作狀語、起連接作用,“when”- “什么時(shí)候”、作狀語、起連接作用,1、When the meeting will begin isnt decided now . 2、The trouble is when he could recover from the disease . 3、He asked us when we would graduate from the school .,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,“where”- “什么地方”、作狀語、起連接作用,1

29、、Where I could buy the book is uncertain now . 2、His question was where we would hold the opening ceremony . 3、I couldnt tell you where they have been living .,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,1、Why he killed himself is still a secret now . 2、What surprised me was why they failed again . 3、I just want to ask yo

30、u why I was fired .,“why”- “為什么”、作狀語、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,1、How the thief stole the bike is still a mystery . 2、What the professor asked us was how we could make our parents happy . 3、I will go to ask my teacher how I could work out the problem .,“how”- “如何”、作狀語、起連接作用,（主語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,用tha

31、t / what填空：,1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,t

32、hat,what,what,what,that,what,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A. If B. Whether C .That D. Where,3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World. A. Which; belong to

33、 B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to,名詞性從句練習(xí)50題：,4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A That B. while C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your b

34、usiness. A. is B. are C. has D have,7. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A. What / because B . What / that C .That / what D. That / because 8._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A .What

35、 / why B .That / what C .What / because D. Why / that,9. He is absent from school . It is _ he was punished! A. why B. because C. that D. the reason,10. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A. Who B. The one C . Anyone D. Whoever 11. Information has been put forward _ more middl

36、e school graduates will be admitted into universities . A .that B. how C. where D. what,12. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, which,13. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ?

37、 A. why B. when C. what D. where 14. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ? - Oh ,thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited,15._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one a

38、spect . A. What B. That C. This D. Which 16. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A. what B. which C. when D. that 17. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A. continues B. continue C. continued D. had contin

39、ued,18.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever 19. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game . why B. what C. who D. that (05) 20.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. how

40、ever C. whatever D.whenever,21.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. and he B. was that he C . which he D . that he 22._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. Which B. How C. What D. That 23.It is generally considered unwise to give a ch

41、ild _ he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,24. Can you make sure _ the gold rings? A. where she has put B. where had she put C. where she had put D. where has she put,25.The reason that he has been succeeding _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what,

42、26. _ breaks the law should be punished. A. Whoever B. No matter who C. anyone. D. who,27. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why B. reason why C. how D. what 28. Do _ you think is right ,_ difficulties you may have. A. what ;however B. that ;whatever C. whatever ; whoever D.

43、what; whatever 29.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. whether B. how C. where D. which,30. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether,31. You are saying that everyone should be eq

44、ual, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how,32. Difficulty lies _ we have no money. A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that,33. I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why,34. It makes no difference _ you will g

45、o today or tomorrow. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 35. _ should be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should,36. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how 37. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 38. I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car. A. which B. what C. when D. that