1、減譯法（OMISSION）,組員：馬興源 韋健明 黃一飛 陳曉敏 劉雅丹,（一）減譯及其特點(diǎn) （二）減譯原則 （三）句法性減譯法 1、省略冠詞 2、省略介詞 3、省略代詞 4、省略非人稱(chēng)的或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it 5、省略連詞 6、省略動(dòng)詞 （四）修辭性減譯法 1、原文重復(fù)詞語(yǔ)的減省 2、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，譯文可以省略可有可無(wú)的詞語(yǔ),（一）減譯及其特點(diǎn),減譯，即刪減試全譯，指從全文出發(fā)根據(jù)邏輯、句法、修辭的需要在譯文中刪減一些不必要的語(yǔ)言單位的全譯方法。 由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在詞匯、語(yǔ)法和修辭上的差異，有些詞語(yǔ)或句子成分，在英語(yǔ)中是必不可少的，但若搬進(jìn)譯文中去，就會(huì)形成冗詞贅語(yǔ)或蛇足，影響譯文的簡(jiǎn)潔和通順。,

2、（二）減譯原則,減譯是刪去一些可有可無(wú)的，或者有了反嫌累贅，或者違背譯文語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的語(yǔ)言單位。但省略不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。 減譯的原則：減形不減意。,1、英譯漢 It is not rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back-well, perhaps it is funny, rather! (一個(gè))女人為了體面（的關(guān)系）而要（她的從）前（的那個(gè)丈）夫回來(lái)，這并不（是）奇怪（的事），雖然（一個(gè)）男人要（他從）前（的

3、那個(gè)）妻（子）回來(lái)，也許是很有趣的事。,2、漢譯英 郭沫若同志曾說(shuō):“中國(guó)人歷來(lái)是勇于探索、勇于創(chuàng)造、勇于革命的?！?Comrade Guo Moro once said:The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.,句法性減譯法,冠詞、介詞、代詞、,形式代詞、連詞、動(dòng)詞,1、冠詞,獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物,A book is useful. 書(shū)是有用的 A teacher should have patienc

4、e in his work 當(dāng)教員的應(yīng)當(dāng)有耐心,Theearthislargerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun. 地球比月球大，但比太陽(yáng)小 The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮從海上冉冉升起,表示類(lèi)別,Thechildrenareofanage. 這些孩子都是同歲的 We would do it a unit a week. 我們將每周學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)單元 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天一蘋(píng)果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離你,I caught the fish. 這條魚(yú)是我捉的,（ “一

5、”或“每一” 的概念）,（特指時(shí)）,1、冠詞,2、介詞, 表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果能夠放在句首，介詞往往可以省略 The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921. 1921年，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立。 Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙, 表示時(shí)間短語(yǔ)在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。 ItwasrumoredthathostilitiesweretobeginonApril23. 據(jù)傳戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將在4月23日爆發(fā), 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)介詞在譯文句首往往可以省略，但

6、放在動(dòng)詞后卻一般不省略 She stood by the table. 她站在桌旁。 He sat behind the door. 他坐在門(mén)后。,3、代詞, 同一主語(yǔ)，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，這種人稱(chēng)代詞漢譯時(shí)常?？梢允÷?e was tired and weary and he looked miserable. 他疲憊不堪，看上去一副可憐相。, 泛指的英語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使是作第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，譯文中往往也可以省略 We live and learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老 We eat to live, but not live to eat. (我們)為生存而吃飯，而不應(yīng)該為吃飯而生存,（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、反身

7、代詞、物主代詞、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞）,主語(yǔ),I have received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到了你的信，愉快地讀了。 He is playing football now,we all see him. 他正在踢足球，我們都看見(jiàn)了,3、代詞,賓語(yǔ),I wash my hands before having my lunch. 漢語(yǔ)只需說(shuō)“我吃午餐前洗手”，而不必說(shuō)“我吃我的午餐前洗我的手” my， your， his， her， our， your， their,物主代詞,Wewantthemtocriticizethemse

8、lves. 我們希望他們能自我批評(píng) Shetreatsherselfbadly. 她把(她)自己弄糊涂了,3、代詞,He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū) Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday 這是他昨天買(mǎi)的筆,反身代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞,4、形式代詞“it”,省譯做形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的“it” It is only shallow people who judge by ap

9、pearances. 只有淺薄的人才以貌取人。 I find it difficult to do the job well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。,省譯強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的“it” It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天結(jié)婚的。,表示時(shí)空和天氣概念而本身沒(méi)有具體意義的“it” It was dark outside when he got up. 他起床時(shí)天還沒(méi)亮。 It looks like rain. Youd better go home now. 好像要下雨了。你回去吧。,5、連詞,You should get up and dress you

10、rself quickly.起床啦，快起來(lái)穿衣服。 He said that he didnt want to go there.他說(shuō)他不想去那兒。 Youd better put on your sweater, for its rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上，外邊相當(dāng)冷。 The presentation can be perfect as long as you make full preparations. 有了充分的準(zhǔn)備，你的展示將會(huì)很成功。 When the masses are of one heart, everything becomes easy

11、. 眾人一條心，其力可斷金。,并列連詞,從屬連詞,因果連詞,表示條件結(jié)果關(guān)系連詞,表示時(shí)間的連詞,6、動(dòng)詞,This area has a bad signals. 這片地區(qū)信號(hào)很差。,系動(dòng)詞省譯, When the pressure gets high, the boiling point becomes low. 氣壓高，沸點(diǎn)就高。,修辭性減省譯法,修辭性省略是從譯文修辭角度考慮，省略英文中的某些詞語(yǔ)。這些詞語(yǔ)的含義在譯文中雖無(wú)其字但已有其意，如果不將其省略，就可能造成譯文語(yǔ)意的重復(fù)或累贅。,1. 原文重復(fù)詞語(yǔ)的減省,Neither party shall cancel the contr

12、act without sufficient cause or reason. 雙方均不得無(wú)故解除合同。 （.沒(méi)有原因和理由） Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed uptime. 半導(dǎo)體器件沒(méi)有燈絲，因此不需要加熱功率或加熱時(shí)間。,2. 不言而喻的減省,I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announc

13、ement that I was going to sleep under his roof ,eat his food and drink his whisky , till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound. 我要去見(jiàn)一個(gè)素不相識(shí)的人，并告訴他我得住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船到來(lái)，把我?guī)У揭サ母劭冢?想到這兒，我真有點(diǎn)不好意思了。,Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened. 她那雙烏黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在閃爍，他平素醒來(lái)的時(shí)候，她也是這樣望著他。 (此句中有兩個(gè) she was looking at him，如不作省略而譯為她像平常那樣望著她一