1、,高考題型:,語 法 填 空,三種考察類型：,1. 純空格試題,2. 給出了動(dòng)詞的試題,3. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題,從語法填空題的設(shè)置來看，至少應(yīng)當(dāng)包括以下3個(gè)特點(diǎn) 一、考查語法。每一個(gè)空格的設(shè)置都必定涉及到某一條或某幾條語法規(guī)則，不會(huì)單純考查單詞的拼寫和詞組的用法。 例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they_ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.,解析：因allow與they在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用

2、be allowed；由had, left可知be是一般過去式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)they，be的過去式是were，答案是were allowed。 點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題就涉及到動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致三條語法規(guī)則。 例 2 The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 解析：因?yàn)閣hy 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，前面的先行詞一定是reason。 點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題看起來好像是考查填入恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~，但實(shí)際上是考查定語從句。,This strategy suggests that teachers have conversations with students to l

3、earn about _.,1.缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞（多考代詞）,Suddenly the wall moved-_ was made of trees!,it,them,With,_the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was to blame.,2.名詞或代詞前面是空格，而該名詞或代 詞在句中不作主語、表語，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，很可能是填介詞,In the early st

4、ages of parenting, the positive aspects of having children are overshadowed by negative experiences, _ a lack of sleep, concerns about the childs well-being, or financial problems.,like,and,Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma, _ a sum of money.,3.若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞,Write down everythi

5、ng you eat _ drink in a given day.,and,Teachers sometimes spend much time talking about students to their parents _ little time actually talking to students themselves.,John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct _ he needed evidence.,but,but,their,Once a year, people win this prize for _

6、 work in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, or world peace.,4.名詞前是空格，若該名詞前無限定詞，則很可能是填限定詞，即冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，名詞所有格，基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞,量詞或some, any, other(s), another等；,5.若兩句（一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填連接詞,Its also a good idea to take notes of emotions related to _ you eat.,This was very strange

7、 _ the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.,what,if,Teachers should take advantage of the many methods _ can help them learn about their students.,Then he returned to Russia to work with his father and mother, _ worked on explosive weapons.,Many people said he was

8、a bad person _he invented destructive weapons.,Which/that,who,because,6.若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞（do, does, did）,To their credit, the four countries _ work together in some areas.,They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and _

9、be the centre of the solar system.,do,must,二、考慮語境。既然采用短文的形式來考查語法，其目的就是要利用短文有較強(qiáng)語境的特點(diǎn)來命題，否則，就不如用單句來考查語法了。也就是說，考生要填出正確答案，至少需理解整個(gè)句子的意思或各分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，或者需要理解前后幾個(gè)句子，甚至整個(gè)段落或篇章。,例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the

10、1970s pollution control efforts 解析：在冠詞the后必定是名詞，再根據(jù)下句可確定要填cities。 點(diǎn)評(píng)：本題若只根據(jù)設(shè)空句本身，而不閱讀并理解下文，是不可能填出正確答案的。,三、適當(dāng)提示。但是若涉及到動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等需要詞形變化的空格. 例7 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. 解析：reach及后面的內(nèi)容是伴隨著謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，用

11、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填reaching。,例8 It would be _ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends! 解析：因?yàn)樵谙祫?dòng)詞be后作表語，要用believe的形容詞形式believable；由句意“這樣一個(gè)老實(shí)人竟會(huì)出賣朋友，真難以置信!”可知，還要在前面加上表示相反意義的前綴un，答案為unbelievable。,1.給出了動(dòng)詞的試題,首先，要確定是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。 若句中沒有別的謂語動(dòng)詞，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞。若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列

12、謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定用Ving形式、Ved形式，還是用不定式形式（to do），確定方法如下：,Ving形式表主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行 或介詞后 Ved形式表被動(dòng)，完成 To do形式表主動(dòng)，將來，也作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語及形容詞后的狀語,He got interested in two theories _ (explain) how cholera killed people.,Nobel left his fortune _ (create) the Nobel Prize., He was most famous for _ (build) weapons of wa

13、r.,My eyes _(draw) to a package that had a picture of a fridge on it.,explaining,to create,building,were drawn,John Snow, a well-known doctor in London, become _(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who _ (expose) to cholera.,His parents company, _(call) “Future Tours”, _ (transpor

14、t) me safely into the future in a time capsule.,_ (worry) about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.,inspired,were exposed,called,transported,Worried,2.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題,作表語，定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞形式,I helped him know he could be _ (help) to others.,The students study the effects of _ (environment) realiti

15、es.,helpful,environmental,作主語、及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后賓語，用名詞形式,John Snow was able to announce with _ (certain).,certainty,在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞后，或“冠詞+形容詞”后，用名詞形式,On December 10, the anniversary of the _ (die) of Nobel,Recognizing what your bad eating habits are is of great _ (important) in correcting the behavior.,This gave

16、 him a _(value) clue about the cause of the disease.,death,importance,valuable,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞形式,_ (sad) the library had moved from its original place into another building.,By bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move _ (swift) .,Sadly,swiftly,有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類不用變，主要是考察具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，

17、需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-，im-等，在詞根后加-less等,Also the more children young couples have, the _ (happy) they become.,Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.,unhappier,unnecessary,備考策略,1不斷記憶，積累詞匯。 2夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，學(xué)好語法。 3大聲朗讀，培養(yǎng)語感。 4堅(jiān)持不懈，多做練習(xí)。,Lets have a try: 2010年高考題(廣東省),A young man, while t

18、raveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. 1 water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 2 had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man 3 (present)the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 4

19、 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home 5 a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let 6 student taste the water. He spit it out, 7 (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teac

20、her, Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 8? The teacher replied, You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 9 (sweet). We understand this lesson best 10 we receive gifts of love from children. Whethe

21、r it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.,A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. 1 water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 2 had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man 3 (present)the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 4 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home 5 a happy heart.,T