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1、專題1名詞,考點(diǎn)知識(shí)精講,考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練,知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 考點(diǎn)一 名詞的分類,考點(diǎn)二 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.規(guī)則變化,續(xù)表,2.不規(guī)則變化 3.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種 (1)將主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),如: sisterinlawsistersinlaw(嫂子) boy classmateboy classmates,(2)將復(fù)合詞中兩個(gè)詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),此種復(fù)合詞中第一個(gè)詞須是man或 woman,如: man workermen workers woman teacherwomen teachers 4特殊情況 (1)有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: clothes,shorts,pants,scissors(剪刀),g

2、oods,glasses(眼鏡 ) (2)有些名詞以s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:,news,maths,physics,politics (3)有些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式表示不同的含義,如: room(空間)a room(房間) work(工作)works(著作) (4)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá) 不可數(shù)名詞本身不可數(shù),但可借助單位量詞表示一定的數(shù)量,如: a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一則新聞/一張紙 還可用much,little,a little,a large amount of,some,any,no,lots of,plenty of等來修飾不可

3、數(shù)名詞,如:,much money,some milk (5)數(shù)詞名詞形容詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式而須用單數(shù)形式,如: He is a fouryearold boy.他是個(gè)4歲的男孩。 (fouryearold不能說成fouryearsold) a fivefootdeep hole一個(gè)五英尺深的洞 考點(diǎn)三 名詞所有格 1表示有生命的人或物的名詞所有格形式,在此名詞詞尾加s,或直接加。 (1)單數(shù)名詞加s,如:Marys book,(2)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加,不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞要加s,如: the three girls father 這三個(gè)女孩的父親 the chi

4、ldrens presents 孩子們的禮物 (3)表示幾個(gè)人共有,僅在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加s;表示各自所有時(shí),需在各個(gè)名字后加s,如: Mary and Janes car(她倆人共有的車) Marys and Janes cars(她倆各自的車) (4)表示店鋪、住宅、公共建筑等地點(diǎn)時(shí),名詞所有格后面的名詞習(xí)慣上省略。如: the barbersthe barbers shop理發(fā)店,to my auntsto my aunts house到我姑姑家 (5)有些指時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值、國家和城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可以加s構(gòu)成所有格。如: a weeks time 一周的時(shí)間 Chinas

5、 population中國的人口 2表示無生命的東西的所有格形式:名詞of所有者,如: the name of the zoo動(dòng)物園的名字 3雙重所有格:即ofs或of名詞性物主代詞,如: a book of my daughters 我女兒的一本書 The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。,考點(diǎn)四 名詞的句法功能 名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、同位語、表語、狀語、定語等。 名詞作定語,一般用單數(shù)形式。如: girl students(女學(xué)生) paper flowers(紙花) 名詞作定語時(shí),個(gè)別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: sports meeti

6、ng (運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)),名詞 (訓(xùn)練時(shí)間:65分鐘分值:66分),一、單項(xiàng)選擇(33分) 1(2011山西)Read the _carefully.They will help you know how to use the popper. AInstructions Bdecisions Cresults 【解析】本題考查名詞在語境中的運(yùn)用。instruction“說明”;decision“決定”;result“結(jié)果”。由后句“它們會(huì)幫你知道如何使用這臺(tái)爆米花機(jī)”可判斷本句為“認(rèn)真讀說明”,故instructions符合句意。 【答案】A,2(2011河北)Cici enjoys dancing.

7、Its one of her _. Aprize Bprizes Chobby Dhobbies 【解析】本題考查名詞。one of后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù),表示“中的一個(gè)”,故排除A、C兩項(xiàng);prize“獎(jiǎng)品”,hobby“愛好”,跳舞是一種愛好,故選D項(xiàng)。 【答案】D,3(2011天津)For my homework I have to write a(n) _about the wonders of the world. Amusic Bpicture Ccomposition Dexam 【解析】本題考查名詞在語境中的運(yùn)用。music“音樂”;picture“圖畫”;composition“作文

8、”;exam“考試”。music是不可數(shù)名詞,不能用不定冠詞a/an修飾,故排除A項(xiàng);動(dòng)詞write不能和picture搭配,也應(yīng)排除;家庭作業(yè)不可能是考試,D項(xiàng)也排除。故選C。 【答案】C,4(2011哈爾濱)Boys and girls,feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down. Arunners Bwinners Cplayers 【解析】本題考查名詞在語境中的運(yùn)用。runner“跑步者”;winner“獲勝者”;player“

9、運(yùn)動(dòng)員”。在考試中應(yīng)成為獲勝者,故winners符合句意。 【答案】B,5(2011安徽)I have great _ in learning math and Im so worried.Could you help me? Sure.Id be glad to. Atrouble Binterest Cjoy Dfun 【解析】本題考查名詞的用法。have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有困難”。interest“興趣”;joy“高興,欣賞”;fun“樂趣”,均不符合題意。 【答案】A,6(2011南京)Mrs Black,

10、could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter? With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _. Avalue Bstyle Ceffect Dmood 【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。value“益處,價(jià)值”;style“風(fēng)格,文體”;effect“影響,效果”;mood“情緒,心情”。由語境知“寫申請(qǐng)信應(yīng)用正式文體”。 【答案】B,7(2011重慶)Could you please get me some

11、_? Im hungry. Aapple Bwater Cbread Degg 【解析】本題考查名詞的用法。由第二句Im hungry.(我餓了。)知空格處需填“吃的東西”,故排除選項(xiàng)B;選項(xiàng)A、D均為可數(shù)名詞,由題干中的some判斷需用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。bread“面包”,為不可數(shù)名詞,符合題意。 【答案】C,8(2011武漢)Im going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit. OK.Thanks for your _. Aoffer Binformation Cmessage Dorder 【解析】本題考查

12、名詞詞義辨析。offer“提供,提議”;information“信息”;message“口信”;order“順序,訂貨,命令”。句意為“我要去超市。讓我為你買些水果吧?!薄昂冒?,謝謝你的好意?!惫蔬xA。 【答案】A,9(2011上海)These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _immediately. Aamusement Bdevelopment Cenvironment Dgovernment 【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。amusement“娛樂”;developmen

13、t“發(fā)展”;environment“環(huán)境”;government“政府”。句意為“這些自然災(zāi)害已經(jīng)告誡我們每個(gè)人應(yīng)立刻開始保護(hù)環(huán)境。” 【答案】C,10(2011黃岡)Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year. She said she would never forget some pleasant _ while working there. Aexperiments Bexpressions Cexperiences Demotions 【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。experiment

14、“實(shí)驗(yàn)”;expression“表達(dá)”;experience“經(jīng)歷”;emotion“感情”??崭袼诰涞木湟鉃椤八f她永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記在那工作時(shí)的一些美好的經(jīng)歷?!惫蔬xC。 【答案】C,11(2011寧波)Excuse me, where can I exchange _? Theres a bank on the second floor. Abooks Bfood Cmoney Dstamps 【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)答語“Theres a bank on the second floor.(在二樓有一家銀行。)”可知,要兌換的是“錢”。故選C。 【答案】C,12(2011揚(yáng)州)

15、Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired. Theres no _ for this while you are at work. Acause Bexcuse Cmatter Dchoice 【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。cause“原因”;excuse“理由,借口”;matter“事情”;choice“選擇”。由空格所在句的句意“當(dāng)你工作時(shí)這樣做是沒有理由的”知選B。 【答案】B,13(2011陜西)John wants to be a _, so he often helps sick people in the hospital.

16、 Areporter Bdoctor Cscientist Dcook 【解析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。reporter“記者”;doctor“醫(yī)生”;scientist“科學(xué)家”;cook“廚師”。由句意“因此他經(jīng)常在醫(yī)院里幫助病人”知約翰想成為一名醫(yī)生,故選B。 【答案】B,14(2011內(nèi)江)I have trouble learning math this term. You should pay more _to your teachers advice. Amoney Battention Ctime 【解析】本題考查名詞的用法。pay attention to.“注意”,是固定短語

17、,故選B。 【答案】B,15(2011鹽城)The two cities have reached an _to develop science and technology. Aeducation Bexcitement Cagreement Dinvention 【解析】本題考查名詞的用法。reach an agreement“達(dá)成協(xié)議”,是固定搭配,故選C。 【答案】C,16(2010中考變式題)Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now? Sorry, I know nothing about hi

18、m.We are_. Afriends Bneighbors Cclassmates Dstrangers 【解析】由答語前面的“對(duì)不起,我不認(rèn)識(shí)他”,可知這里是指“陌生人”。 【答案】D,17(2010中考變式題)I dont think looking after children is just _ work. Awoman Bwomans Cwomen Dwomens 【解析】句意為“我認(rèn)為照看孩子不僅僅是女人的工作?!庇删湟饪膳袛啻颂帒?yīng)用名詞所有格,又因?yàn)閣oman的復(fù)數(shù)形式是women,故選D。 【答案】D,18(2010中考變式題)Why are you still waitin

19、g in line? Ive missed my _. Aplace Border Cturn Dtime 【解析】句意為“你為什么仍然在排隊(duì)?”“我錯(cuò)過了我的一次機(jī)會(huì)了?!眕lace “地方”; order “順序”; turn“輪到的機(jī)會(huì)”; time“時(shí)間”。通過句意可知,只有C項(xiàng)符合題意,故答案為C。 【答案】C,19(2010中考變式題)I hear you have to run for half an hour every day. Right.It is one of the _ in my school. Achoices Bplans Chobbies Drules 【解析

20、】句意為“我聽說你每天必須跑步半小時(shí)?!薄笆堑模@是我們學(xué)校的規(guī)則之一?!眂hoices“選擇”;plans“計(jì)劃”;hobbies“愛好”;rules“規(guī)則”。所以選擇答案D。 【答案】D,20(2010中考變式題)_ mothers cant go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business. AAlice and Lilys BAlices and Lilys CAlices and Lily 【解析】A選項(xiàng)是指她們共同的母親;B選項(xiàng)表示她們各自的母親;C選項(xiàng)沒有這種表達(dá)形式,首先排除。由后句的they可知

21、,這里指的是她們各自的母親,因此答案為B。 【答案】B,21(2010中考變式題)Something is wrong with my _.I cant see anything around me. Anose Bears Ceyes Dmouth 【解析】看不清周圍的東西,故應(yīng)該為眼睛有毛病。 【答案】C,22(2010中考變式題)The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _. Yes, it hasnt rained for a long time there. Amilk Btea Ccoffee Dwater 【解析

22、】根據(jù)答語可知西南很需要水,故答案選D。 【答案】D,23(2010中考變式題)How far is your home from school? Its about two _ walk. Ahours Bhours Chours 【解析】本題考查名詞所有格的用法。兩小時(shí)的路程表達(dá)是“two hours walk”, hour需要變復(fù)數(shù)后加“”,故選C。 【答案】C,24(2010中考變式題)Im not sure about the meaning of the word. Youd better look it up in a _. Aletter Bdictionary Cpostca

23、rd Dnotice 【解析】letter“書信”;dictionary“字典、詞典”;postcard“卡片”;notice“布告”,根據(jù)題意“我不知道這個(gè)詞語的意思?!薄澳阕詈貌樵~典?!敝鸢高xB。 【答案】B,25(2010中考變式題)Whose computer doesnt work? _, I think. AJohn has BJohn does CJohn DJohns 【解析】句意為“誰的計(jì)算機(jī)出毛病啦?”“約翰的,我想?!惫蚀鹫Z應(yīng)用名詞所有格形式,所以答案應(yīng)選D。 【答案】D,26(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Oh, my God! We have missed the last

24、bus.What shall we do? Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. Achoice Bdecision Creason Didea 【解析】“have missed the last bus”和“but to take a taxi”可知是別無選擇。句意是“哎,天啊,我們已經(jīng)錯(cuò)過了最后一班車,我們應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?”“我想我們除了乘出租車別無選擇了?!?【答案】A,27(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Good morning, madam.Can I help you? Sure, Id like _,please. Atwo cups of c

25、offees Btwo cup of coffees Ctwo cups of coffee Dtwo cup of coffee 【解析】coffee 是不可數(shù)名詞,不能加s,排除A和B;兩杯應(yīng)是two cups,排除D。故選C。 【答案】C,28(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Do you know the young lady over there? Yes.Shes _ mother. ALily and Lucy BLilys and Lucys CLilys and Lucy DLily and Lucys 【解析】根據(jù)空后的mother可知是兩人共有的,兩人共有某物時(shí),只需要在后一個(gè)詞后加

26、s。句意是“你認(rèn)識(shí)那兒的那個(gè)年輕女士嗎?”“是的,她是莉莉和露西的媽媽?!?【答案】D,29(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)After walking for more than half an hour, we decided to take _ rest. Aa few minutes Ba few minutes Ca little minutes Da little minutes 【解析】minute是可數(shù)名詞由a few來修飾且要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,名詞以s結(jié)尾時(shí),所有格直接加。句意是“走了半個(gè)多小時(shí)后,我們決定休息幾分鐘?!惫蔬xB。 【答案】B,30(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Where are the

27、_? They are playing_ basketball on the playground. Aman teachers; the Bmen teachers; the Cman teachers; / Dmen teachers; / 【解析】man作定語時(shí),兩個(gè)名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù); 球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的短語中,球類之前不可用冠詞,故選D。句意是“男老師在哪兒?”“他們正在操場(chǎng)上打籃球?!?【答案】D,31(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Betty has a silk_.She can sing very well. Avoice Blook Csound Dnoise 【解析】根據(jù)“She can si

28、ng very well.”可知她的聲音很好,人的聲音用voice表示。句意是“貝蒂的聲音好,她可以唱得非常好?!?【答案】A,32(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Oh, there isnt enough_ for us on the bus. No hurry.Lets wait for the next one. Afloor Bground Croom Dplace 【解析】根據(jù)on the bus和答句可知是沒有足夠的空間夠我們用了。句意是“哎呀,公共汽車上沒有我們足夠的空間了?!薄皠e著急,讓我們等下一趟吧?!?【答案】C 33(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)I saw many _ eating gr

29、ass,on the hill. Ahorse Bcow Cdeers Dsheep 【解析】many后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù),A,B都不是復(fù)數(shù),deer和sheep單復(fù)數(shù)相同,故答案選D。 【答案】D 二、根據(jù)句意及所給漢語意思寫出所缺單詞(15分) 1(2011蘇州)The Great Wall of China is one of the _(奇跡) of the world. 【解析】“奇跡”為wonder,one of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 【答案】wonders,2(2011銅仁)More and more _(外國人)come to visit China. 【解析】“外國人”為foreigner;

30、more是many的比較級(jí),后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 【答案】foreigners 3(2011煙臺(tái))After three _(星期) holiday, we came back to work. 【解析】本題考查名詞所有格的用法。以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格在s后加“”。 【答案】weeks,4(2011黃岡)To our great _(驚訝), Tom failed to pass the graduation exam. 【解析】to ones surprise“使某人驚訝的是”。 【答案】surprise 5(2011寧波)He cant see the blackboard clearly

31、, so he needs a pair of _(眼鏡) 【解析】a pair of glasses“一副眼鏡”。 【答案】glasses,6(2011揚(yáng)州)We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good_(公民) 【解析】由主語we知,要填復(fù)數(shù)形式citizens。 【答案】citizens 7(2011蘭州)They have planted about five _(千) trees in and around the town in the past few years. 【解析】英語中的hundred,thous

32、and,million,billion等詞如果前面有基數(shù)詞修飾,一律用單數(shù),故填原形thousand。 【答案】thousand,8(2010中考變式題)The camera was one of the greatest _(發(fā)明) in the 19th century. 【解析】根據(jù)空前的“one of the greatest”可知用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意是“照相機(jī)是十九世紀(jì)最偉大的發(fā)明之一?!?【答案】inventions 9(2010中考變式題)How many times do you brush your_(牙齒) every day? 【解析】tooth的復(fù)數(shù)形式是teeth。 【

33、答案】teeth,10(2010中考變式題)Please tell me the_(勝利者) telephone number.I want to interview him. 【解析】句意是“請(qǐng)告訴我勝利者的電話號(hào)碼,我想采訪他?!眲倮呤莣inner,其所有格在其后加s。 【答案】winners 11(2010中考變式題)There are many fresh_(土豆) in the supermarket. 【解析】因句中有many, many后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù),potato的復(fù)數(shù)是potatoes。 【答案】potatoes,12(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Thank you very muc

34、h for your_(邀請(qǐng))But Im so sorry that I cant come to your party tomorrow. 【解析】空白處前有your修飾,故要用名詞形式,而invite的名詞是invitation。 【答案】invitation 13(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Take a short rest after two_(小時(shí)) hard work, and you wont feel too tired. 【解析】前面有two,所以應(yīng)該用hour的復(fù)數(shù)形式hours的名詞所有格。 【答案】hours,14(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Great_(變化) have tak

35、en place in our hometown. 【解析】句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是have taken place,因此主語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 【答案】changes 15(2012中考預(yù)測(cè)題)A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in _(西南方), Chinas Sichuan Province on May 12th. 【解析】表示“偏方向”時(shí),先說南北,再說東西,故西南方為southwest。 【答案】southwest,三、根據(jù)句意及所給首字母補(bǔ)全單詞(18分) 1(2011蕪湖)A _is the fourth month of the year. 【解析】一

36、年的第四個(gè)月份是April。 【答案】April 2(2011銅仁)My h_ is collecting stamps.I have collected thousands of stamps. 【解析】集郵是一種愛好,故填hobby。 【答案】hobby,3(2011銅仁)Mark Twain was born in the USA and English was his mother t _. 【解析】mother tongue“母語”。由句意“馬克吐溫出生于美國,英語是他的母語?!笨芍鸢?。 【答案】tongue 4(2011成都)My mother is a nurse.She wo

37、rks in a famous h _. 【解析】由常識(shí)知護(hù)士工作的地點(diǎn)是醫(yī)院。 【答案】hospital,5(2011桂林)If you are in danger, remember to dial(撥) the telephone n _110 at once. 【解析】句意為“如果你遇到危險(xiǎn),記住立刻撥電話號(hào)碼110。”故填number。 【答案】number 6(2011桂林)Do you know what the p_ of China is now? Its over 1.3 billion. 【解析】由答語知,上句是問現(xiàn)在中國的人口是多少,故填population。 【答案】population,7(2010中考變式題)New Year is a traditional f_ for Chinese people. 【解析】根據(jù)New Year和traditional可知是節(jié)日。句意是“新年對(duì)中國人來說是傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日?!?【答案】festival 8(2010中考變式題)Tomorrow is my cousins birthday.Im going to buy a g_ for her. 【解析】根據(jù)“my cousins birthday”可知想買生日禮物。句意是“明天是我堂妹的生日,我將給她買一件禮物?!?【答案】gift,9(2010中考

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