1、    Individuals (個(gè)人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the in

2、dividual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (資源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.Full government funding (資助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smi

3、th worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were l

4、azy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research

5、interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投資) and create jobs. If you believe that the governmen

6、t should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the gov

7、ernment, who should pay for their university education.Thinking:1. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to？ 2. Translate the underlined sentence. Success. Its something that most of us want in our lives. We might have a picture of what it looks like: lots of money, a comfortabl

8、e lifestyle, a great relationship and achieving great success in life. The problem is that none of these things is easy or even possible to achieve. How much money is “l(fā)ots”? What does a “great” relationship mean? If you have unclear definitions of success, youre never going to be satisfied. Its up

9、to you to decide what success means in your life. Dont follow someone elses example. For you, success could be: never having to worry about money, being healthy and fit, playing an important role in your family, writing a book and having it published, or almost anything! Success doesnt have to be ab

10、out money. When you think about your success, make it as concrete (具體的) as possible. If you simply want to “be rich”, then youll struggle to ever feel like youve managed it. A better goal might be “make $100,000 a year”.Your success should be measurable. You might not be able to put a number to it,

11、but look for some ways to record your progress towards your goal. For example, if “success” means “being happy and happy with my life”, then you might write down your thoughts regularly in your diary.You might be familiar with this saying: “I have not failed. Ive just found 10,000 ways that wont wor

12、k.” If youre starting your first business, you might fail. Thats nothing to be ashamed of. Failure is the mother of success. When you were a child, you failed many times while learning to walk, to talk, to read and to write. But those failures were necessary in order to finally succeed. Sure, you might fail again a