住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-安徽大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Allthedatasentbackfromthesatellitessuggestedthatanasteroidofaboutthesizeofanauditorium（）onitswaytoourplanet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.were

D.be

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞使用的一致性。that接在動詞后面充當(dāng)句中的賓語從句。主句使用的是一般過去式，賓語從句中的謂語動詞，應(yīng)與主句的時態(tài)保持一致。因此空格處應(yīng)使用be動詞的過去式was/were。從句中的主語是anasteroid“一顆小行星”為單數(shù)，所以應(yīng)使用was。句意：從衛(wèi)星發(fā)來的所有數(shù)據(jù)表明一顆像禮堂一樣大小的行星正在向我們的星球靠近。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。Only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。即需要將be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞放在主語前，句中的實(shí)義動詞位置不變。句意：他只有在獲得相當(dāng)多的說的能力之后，才學(xué)會讀和寫。AD選項(xiàng)都沒有使用倒裝，可以排除，C選項(xiàng)倒裝后句中缺少主語，故選B。

3.單選題

Thereweretwosmallroomsinthebeachhouse,（）servedasakitchen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesmallerofwhich

B.thesmallestofwhich

C.thesmallofthem

D.thesmallestofthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查比較級的使用。最高級表示三者或者三者以上事物的比較，兩者中的比較應(yīng)選用比較級，故可排除BD使用了最高級的選項(xiàng)。同理可排除C選項(xiàng)，使用原級不構(gòu)成比較。句意：海濱別墅里有兩間小房間，較小的那間用作廚房。故選A。

4.單選題

Wewillstopnowand（）workingattwoo’clock.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presume

B.consume

C.assume

D.resume

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presume“假定；推測”，B選項(xiàng)consume“消耗；消費(fèi)”；C選項(xiàng)assume“設(shè)想；假定”；D選項(xiàng)resume“（中斷后）重新開始”。句意：我們現(xiàn)在停下，2點(diǎn)鐘……開始。意思是現(xiàn)在先暫停，等到2點(diǎn)后再繼續(xù)。由此可以排除B選項(xiàng)，A，C選項(xiàng)都有假定的意思，但assume通常用于指在毫無依據(jù)的情況下做出假設(shè)，很可能是錯誤的判斷。presume通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)基于證據(jù)或可能性而得出的看法。此處具體指的意思是“重新開始”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Becausetheselinesaretakenoutof（）,theydonotconveythemessagetheauthorintended.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.content

B.contact

C.context

D.contract

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)content“內(nèi)容；目錄”；B選項(xiàng)contact“接觸；聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)context“環(huán)境；上下文”；D選項(xiàng)contract“合同；契約”。Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，由主句theydonotconveythemessagetheauthorintended.“它們無法傳達(dá)作者想表達(dá)的含義，可知單看一個句子是無法了解到作者想要表達(dá)的含義的，需要結(jié)合文章的上下文，才能夠理清思路。句意：由于脫離了……，這些文字無法傳達(dá)作者想表達(dá)的含義。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareferriedisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenodearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviorsclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

ThesocialandpoliticalimplicationsorthesetwotheoriesareprofoundIntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

46.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem（）.

47.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby（）.

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?

49.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

50.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whyone’sbehaviorsdifferfromothers

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.approaches

B.advocates

C.principles

D.characters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsarerevealedbybehaviors.

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstinct.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.

D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages

B.areamanifestationoftheblacks’poorintelligence

C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence

D.havenothingtodowillfactorsotherthanheredity

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.主旨大意題。第一段先提出“人們一直很想知道個性和行為是怎樣形成的”，然后每段都提出一個理論，最后一段得出總結(jié)這兩種理論都不能完全解釋人類行為，關(guān)于個性是先天的還是后天的這場爭論肯定會持續(xù)很長一段時間。因此D選項(xiàng)“是什么導(dǎo)致了先天/后天的爭論”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“為什么一個人的行為與別人不同”，B選項(xiàng)“是什么造就了智力的不同階段”，C選項(xiàng)“社會科學(xué)家如何形成不同的理論”均不符題意，可排除。故選D。

47.詞義推測題。定位在原文Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.（正如人們預(yù)想的那樣，這兩種方法是非常不同的，各理論的……之間存在大量爭論）因?yàn)閮煞N理論是截然相反的，所以所持不同理論的人會存在大量的爭論。因此proponents指人，指這兩種理論的支持者。因此B選項(xiàng)“擁護(hù)者；倡導(dǎo)者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“方法；辦法”；C選項(xiàng)“原則”；D選項(xiàng)“特性”均與題意不符，可排除。故選B。

48.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首句Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.（那些支持自然派的人們認(rèn)為，我們的個性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物和遺傳因素決定的。）由此可判斷自然派認(rèn)為我們具有一定的個性和行為模式是先天具備的，因此A選項(xiàng)“我們生來就有特定的個性和行為”，正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境與我們的個性無關(guān)”，說法過于絕對，定位在原文Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.（我們的環(huán)境與我們的能力、特征和行為幾乎沒有關(guān)系，這是這一理論的核心。）錯誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“能力和特征是由行為表現(xiàn)出來的”與題意無關(guān)，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“只有極端的行為是由本能決定的”，錯誤，定位在原文Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.（極端地說，這一理論認(rèn)為，我們的行為在很大程度上是先天決定的，以至于我們幾乎完全受本能的支配。）可排除。故選A。

49.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段第一句找到關(guān)鍵詞定位Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviors（后天理論的支持者，或者通常被稱為行為主義者）再由第四段最后一句Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.（他們對人類的看法相當(dāng)機(jī)械的；他們認(rèn)為，人類像機(jī)器一樣對環(huán)境刺激做出回應(yīng)，這些刺激是他們的行為的基礎(chǔ)。）因此C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為我們像機(jī)器一樣對環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們相信人類是機(jī)械的”太過絕對，原文說的是quite“相當(dāng)”，只能夠說明極度相似，并不完全等同，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“他們把我們的行為比作機(jī)器”，依照原文，他們是將humanbeing“人類”比作機(jī)器，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為機(jī)械論也適用于我們”原文未提及，可排除。故選C。

50.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第五段Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.（這導(dǎo)致一些“自然”派支持者認(rèn)為黑人基因不如白人。與之相反的行為學(xué)家說，成績的差異是由于黑人常常被剝奪了許多教育和其他白人所享有的環(huán)境優(yōu)勢，因此他們不與白人做出相同的反應(yīng)。）由此可知，在“自然”派支持者看來黑人的低分?jǐn)?shù)是因?yàn)榛虻牟煌Ｒ虼薉選項(xiàng)“除了遺傳與意志因素?zé)o關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“是教育劣勢的結(jié)果”為行為主義者的觀點(diǎn)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“是黑人智力低下的表現(xiàn)”，C選項(xiàng)“與他們的真正智慧無關(guān)”與題意無關(guān)，可排除。故選D。

7.單選題

Thestorywas（）;itwascompletelyuntrue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitated

B.fascinated

C.fabricated

D.formulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)facilitated“促進(jìn)；幫助”；B選項(xiàng)fascinated“使著迷；使陶醉”；C選項(xiàng)fabricated“編造；虛構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)formulated“規(guī)劃”。句意：這個故事是……的，完全不真實(shí)。根據(jù)后面的評價completelyuntrue“一點(diǎn)也不真實(shí)”，可以知道這個故事是編造而成的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

ShoppingintheUnitedStatesisalwaysapleasantexperience.Therearedifferenttypesofshopsthatoperatetocatertoyourdifferentneeds.Tobuygroceries,youcangototheconveniencestore,thesupermarketorthemassmerchandiser(suchasWallMart).Tobuysomeclothesandbig-ticketitemsyoucangotothemallorfactoryoutlets.

Everygrocerystorehaspromotionsondifferentkindsofproductseveryweek.Usuallyyoucanfindastoreweeklynewspaperwithfeaturedpromotionsforthatparticularweek.Iamabargainhunter,forwardbuyingalotofdailyproductsifIfeelIneedtheminthefuture.Once,IsawafeaturedpromotiononPantene2in1shampooplusconditioner(護(hù)發(fā)素).AlthoughIdidnotneeditatthattime,Ifeltitwasagreatdeal.SoIdecidedtobuy2bottles.However,IcouldnotfindanysuchPanteneontheshelf.Iwenttoasalesclerkandaskedifhecouldfindanyforme.Hetoldmethatthestorewasoutofthestockanditwouldnothaveanyinuntilthenextweek.Theunfortunatethingwasthatbythenthepromotionwouldbeover.However,theclerktoldmethatIcouldgothecustomerservicecounterandIwouldbegivenaraincheck,whichwouldguaranteethepromotionpriceformeonthatparticularitem.

AshoppingmallintheStatesiscomposedofmanyindividualspecialtyshopsandnationwidechainstores,suchasSearsandJCPenny.Whatimpressesmemostwhenshoppingisitsreturnpolicy.Nomatterwhatyoubuy,shoes,pantsorbig-ticketitemssuchasJVandVCR,ifyoufindsomeproblemswiththemorsimplydonotlikethemanylonger,youcanreturnthemwithin30days.Youwon’tbechallengedatthecustomerservicecounteraslongasyouhaveyourreceipt.Ofcoursetherearesomepeoplewhomighttakeadvantageofthisreturnpolicy,especiallywhentheyneedsomethingforamomentaryuse.That’swhyyoucanfindalonglineofpeoplewaitingtoreturntheirgoodsrightafterChristmas.

5.Whatdoestheword“big-ticket”(Para.1)mostprobablymean?

6.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthor（）.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,thereturnpolicyofthemall（）.

8.TheauthorthinksmanypeoplereturntheirgoodsafterChristmasbecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alargeamountof.

B.Name-brand.

C.Highlyprice.

D.Hugespaceoccupied.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.couldbuyPanteneinthefollowingweekatthepromotionprice

B.boughtwhathewantedwiththehelpofthesalesclerk

C.didn’tbuyPanteneshampooforhedidn’tneeditatthattime

D.wouldn’tbuyPantenethenextweekforthepromotionwouldbeover

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isasgoodaspromotionsofgrocerystores

B.isimpressivebutnotpleasing

C.benefitsthecustomers

D.istakenadvantagebypoorpeople

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therearesomeproblemswiththeirgoods

B.theydon’tlikethegoodsanylonger

C.theyarechallengedatthecustomerservicecounter

D.theyjustwanttousethemforaveryshorttime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】5.詞義推測題。根據(jù)原文Nomatterwhatyoubuy,shoes,pantsorbig-ticketitemssuchasJVandVCR,ifyoufindsomeproblemswiththemorsimplydonotlikethemanylonger,youcanreturnthemwithin30days.（不管你買什么，鞋子、褲子或者是像電視和錄像機(jī)這樣的……物品，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)它們有問題，或只是不喜歡它們了，你都可以在30天內(nèi)退掉它們。）big-ticket放在名詞前由此可推測出它是一個形容詞。前面講的是小物件，后面指的是像電視機(jī)或者錄像機(jī)價格比較貴的物品。因此C選項(xiàng)“價格很高的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“大量的”；B選項(xiàng)“名牌的”；D選項(xiàng)“巨大占地方的”均不符題意，故選C。

6.推理判斷題。定位在第二段最后一句However,theclerktoldmethatIcouldgothecustomerservicecounterandIwouldbegivenaraincheck,whichwouldguaranteethepromotionpriceformeonthatparticularitem.（不過，他告訴我，我可以到顧客服務(wù)臺去拿一張推遲票，這張票確保我以后會以促銷價買到那東西。）由此可知作者之后還是能夠以促銷價買到潘婷，因此A選項(xiàng)“可以在下周以促銷價購買潘婷”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“在售貨員的幫助下買了他想要的東西”，根據(jù)原文However,IcouldnotfindanysuchPanteneontheshelf.（然而，我在架子上找不到這樣的潘婷。）和Hetoldmethatthestorewasoutofthestockanditwouldnothaveanyinuntilthenextweek.（他告訴我這家商店沒有存貨了，要到下周才能進(jìn)貨）可知，作者并沒有立馬獲得，售貨員的建議是拿一張推遲票，可以在下周買。表述有誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“沒有買潘婷洗發(fā)水，因?yàn)樗?dāng)時不需要”，根據(jù)原文AlthoughIdidnotneeditatthattime,Ifeltitwasagreatdeal.SoIdecidedtobuy2bottles.（雖然我當(dāng)時不需要它，但我覺得它真的很值。所以我決定買兩瓶。），可知作者還是決定要買，表述有誤，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“下周不會買潘婷，因?yàn)榇黉N活動將要結(jié)束了”，干擾項(xiàng)，文章中只說作者有這個打算，但最后有沒有買下來并未提及，可排除。故選A。

7.推理判斷題。定位在第三段Whatimpressesmemostwhenshoppingisitsreturnpolicy.（退貨政策讓作者印象最深。）30天內(nèi)可退貨，而且Youwon’tbechallengedatthecustomerservicecounteraslongasyouhaveyourreceipt.（只要你有收據(jù)，顧客服務(wù)臺就不會有人為難你。）由此可推理，退貨政策是能夠讓顧客受益的。因此C選項(xiàng)“使顧客受益”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“和雜貨店的促銷活動一樣好”與題意無關(guān)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“令人印象深刻但不討人喜歡”，作者對保護(hù)權(quán)益的退貨政策是很滿意的，只是后面說到了這個政策會被人鉆空子。D選項(xiàng)“被窮人占了便宜”，定位到原文Ofcoursetherearesomepeoplewhomighttakeadvantageofthisreturnpolicy,especiallywhentheyneedsomethingforamomentaryuse.（當(dāng)然，有些人可能會利用這種退貨政策，特別是當(dāng)他們需要一些暫時使用的東西時。）并沒有說明占便宜的一定是窮人，可排除。故選C。

8.推理判斷題。定位在第三段Ofcoursetherearesomepeoplewhomighttakeadvantageofthisreturnpolicy,especiallywhentheyneedsomethingforamomentaryuse.That’swhyyoucanfindalonglineofpeoplewaitingtoreturntheirgoodsrightafterChristmas.（當(dāng)然，有些人會利用這個退貨政策占便宜，尤其當(dāng)他們只是暫時需要某種東西的時候。這就是為什么在過完圣誕節(jié)之后，你會看到人們排著長隊(duì)等著退貨。）由此可知圣誕后很多人退貨是因?yàn)樗麄冎恍枰獣簳r使用，因此D選項(xiàng)“他們只想在很短的時間內(nèi)使用它們”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們的貨物有些問題”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不再喜歡這些商品了”，C選項(xiàng)“他們在客戶服務(wù)柜臺受到質(zhì)詢”，A，B，C選項(xiàng)均與題意不符，可排除，故選D。

9.單選題

To（）aroomistokeepitsuppliedwithfreshair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blaze

B.ventilate

C.boast

D.violate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blaze“燃燒；怒視”；B選項(xiàng)ventilate“（使）通風(fēng)”；C選項(xiàng)boast“吹噓；以有……而自豪”；D選項(xiàng)violate“違反；侵犯”。句意：……就是使它充滿新鮮空氣。后文的freshair“新鮮空氣”，想在室內(nèi)呼吸到新鮮空氣就需要給房間通風(fēng)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycomputation.Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarialjobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today,manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosandcarrytheir“secretaries”inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems.

Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshifttogrowingpositionswithintheirowncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecombusiness,telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunicationstechnician,earningabout$64,000peryear.Ofcourse,ifyou’vebeenatollboothcollectorforthepast30years,andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE-ZPassmachine,itmaybeoflittleconsolationtoknowthatthetelecommfieldisbooming.

Andthat’sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertiseeconomy.Tosucceedinthenewjobmarket,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed,allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations—air-trafficcontroller—demandatleastabachelor’sdegree.

Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma,it’sgoingtogettoughertofindawell-payingjob.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable,what’sleftwillbethejobsthatcomputationcan’tkill:Computerscan’tcleanoffices,orcareforAlzheimer’spatients.But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomputationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor.Thebestadvicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.

Forbusyadults,ofcourse,thatcanbetough.Thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythat’sreducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschool—withouthavingtositinaclassroom.So-calledInternetdistancelearningishot,withmorethanthreemillionstudentscurrentlyenrolled,andit’sgainingcredibilitywithemployers.

Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?CheckthefederalBureauofLaborStatistics’OccupationalOutlookHandbook,whichisavailableonlineat.

34.FromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrownintounemploymentEXCEPT（）.

35.Bysaying“...computationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor”(Para.4)theauthormeans（）.

36.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscomputers?

37.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.secretaries

B.stockclerks

C.managers

D.wholesalers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearegettingricherandricher

B.therewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoor

C.thegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlarger

D.it’stimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Neutral.

D.Prejudiced

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.BlamingthePC.

B.Theboomingtelecommfield.

C.Internetdistancelearning.

D.Keepingupwithcomputation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】34.推理判斷題。定位在第一段Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarialjobswillvanish.（文字處理人員和打字員將在最近幾年失去93000個就業(yè)職位，57000個秘書的職位將消失。）Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.（股票職員的日子也不好過，其職位預(yù)期要減少68000個。）Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems.（同時，制造業(yè)的雇員和批發(fā)商也正在被計(jì)算機(jī)化的系統(tǒng)所替代。）由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“秘書”，B選項(xiàng)“股票職員”，D選項(xiàng)“批發(fā)商”都很容易失業(yè)。因此C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理”最不可能失業(yè)，符合題意，故選C。

35.推理判斷題。定位到第四段But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomputationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor.（但是，由于大多數(shù)人都能勝任這樣的職位，工資就會非常低，這就意味著計(jì)算機(jī)自動化可能會在貧富之間打入一個更深的楔子。）也即是說，計(jì)算機(jī)自動化可能會造成貧富之間的差距越來越大。因此C選項(xiàng)“貧富差距越來越大”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“人們越來越富有了”，B選項(xiàng)“貧富差距會減小”，D選項(xiàng)“是時候縮小貧富差距了”，均不符合題意。故選C。

36.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。這篇文章客觀地說明了計(jì)算機(jī)自動化所造成或?qū)⒁斐傻氖I(yè)問題，作者對此深表同情，但作者對計(jì)算機(jī)自動化卻還是肯定的。定位到第三段Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertiseeconomy.（服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)正在衰退；歡迎來到專業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。）和第四段中的Thebestadvicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.（現(xiàn)在最好的建議是永遠(yuǎn)不要停止學(xué)習(xí)，跟上新技術(shù)的步伐。）說明在作者眼里計(jì)算機(jī)自動化是科技的進(jìn)步，能夠催人奮進(jìn)，努力學(xué)習(xí)。由此可見作者對計(jì)算機(jī)持肯定的態(tài)度，因此A選項(xiàng)“積極的；肯定的”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“消極的；否定的”，C選項(xiàng)“中立的”，D選項(xiàng)“懷有偏見的”均不符合題意。故選A。

37.主旨大意題。本文主要圍繞“計(jì)算機(jī)自動化”展開敘述，客觀地說明了計(jì)算機(jī)自動化所造成或?qū)⒁斐傻氖I(yè)問題，作者對此深表同情，同時也提出忠告：學(xué)無止境，跟上新技術(shù)不落伍。因此D選項(xiàng)“跟上計(jì)算機(jī)的使用”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“責(zé)怪電腦”，B選項(xiàng)“蓬勃發(fā)展的電信領(lǐng)域”，C選項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠(yuǎn)程教育”，均不符合題意。故選D。

11.單選題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjustmillion,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

31.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailway,monopolyisunlikelybecause（）.

32.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

33.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that（）.

34.Theword“arbiters”(Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose（）.

35.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Indifferent

B.Supportive

C.Indignant

D.Apprehensive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】31.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.（他們認(rèn)為，來自卡車的激烈競爭消除了任何壟斷的威脅）由此可以推論對于那些支持合并鐵路的人來說，做到壟斷運(yùn)輸是不可能的，因?yàn)檫€有卡車以及其他運(yùn)輸工具的威脅。因此C選項(xiàng)“外部競爭者將繼續(xù)存在”，正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“成本的降低是基于競爭”與題意不符可排除，B選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)需要跨貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào)”定位到第二段第一句Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.（新的超級系統(tǒng)的擁護(hù)者認(rèn)為，這些合并將大幅降低成本，更好地協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)。）只是談及合并的好處，與題意不符，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“托運(yùn)人將扼住鐵路的咽喉”，根據(jù)原文truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（卡車運(yùn)輸成本太高，因此被鐵路公司扼住了咽喉）表述有誤，偷換主語，可排除。故選C。

32.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在第二段Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（但是，許多托運(yùn)人抱怨說，對于長途運(yùn)輸?shù)拇笞谏唐?，如煤炭、化學(xué)品和糧食，卡車運(yùn)輸成本太高，因此鐵路就會扼住他們的咽喉。）第五段句首Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.（許多受控制的托運(yùn)人還擔(dān)心，他們很快將遭遇一輪大幅漲價。）以及Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.（許多托運(yùn)人擔(dān)心隨著諾?？四戏焦竞徒y(tǒng)一鐵路公司牢牢控制住市場，他們將可能成為買單人。）綜上可知，托運(yùn)人對鐵路行業(yè)的整合是有顧慮和擔(dān)憂的。A選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”，B選項(xiàng)“支持的”，C選項(xiàng)“憤怒的”，D選項(xiàng)“憂慮的”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位到第三段最后一句Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.（覺得自己被多收費(fèi)的托運(yùn)人有權(quán)向聯(lián)邦政府的陸路運(yùn)輸委員會上訴，要求降低費(fèi)率，但這一過程既昂貴又耗時，而且只有在真正極端的情況下才會奏效。）由此可以推論出，托運(yùn)人覺得被多收費(fèi)時，是可以上訴的，但是很難奏效，除非遇到了非常極端的情況。因此C選項(xiàng)“被收費(fèi)過高的托運(yùn)人不太可能請求減免運(yùn)費(fèi)”符合題意，正確。A選項(xiàng)“如果沒有競爭對手的鐵路公司，托運(yùn)人的費(fèi)用將會降低”根據(jù)原文Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.（鐵路公司對這些托運(yùn)人收取的費(fèi)用，通常比有其他鐵路公司競爭業(yè)務(wù)時多20%到30%）可知沒有其他鐵路公司的競爭，對托運(yùn)人收取的費(fèi)用不降反增，因此A選項(xiàng)錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“很快全國就會只有一家鐵路公司了”說法過于絕對，范圍太廣，因此B選項(xiàng)錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“一個政府委員會確保鐵路行業(yè)公平競爭”未提及，不符合題意，可排除。故選C。

34.詞義推測題。定位到關(guān)鍵詞Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?（我們真的想讓鐵路公司成為市場中誰贏誰輸?shù)摹瓎?？）A選項(xiàng)“協(xié)調(diào)者”，B選項(xiàng)“法官；裁判員”，C選項(xiàng)“交易監(jiān)督員”，D選項(xiàng)“定價人”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞匯winorlose“輸或贏”，主要是依靠裁判員界定的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A，C，D均與題意不符。故選B。

35.客觀事實(shí)題。定位在文章的最后一段Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.（鐵路行業(yè)作為一個整體，盡管有著光明的命運(yùn)，但其收入仍不足以支付其必須投資的資本成本，以跟上其激增的交通。）和Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.（然而，在華爾街的鼓勵下，鐵路公司繼續(xù)借貸數(shù)十億美元來互相收購。）由此可知鐵路公司雖然前景很好，但還是在不夠充裕的時候，繼續(xù)借貸進(jìn)行對其他鐵路公司的收購。鐵路公司需要大量的資金用來收購，因此A選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)的收購”符合題意，正確。B選項(xiàng)“激增的交通”，C選項(xiàng)“華爾街的鼓勵”，有一些方面的因素，但都算不上主要原因，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“萎縮的市場”在文中并未涉及，干擾項(xiàng)，可排除。故選A。

12.單選題

Hundredsofchickensareraisedinthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposure

B.enclosure

C.closure

D.pressure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposure“暴露；曝光”；B選項(xiàng)enclosure“附件；圍墻”；C選項(xiàng)closure“關(guān)閉；終止”；D選項(xiàng)pressure“壓力；壓迫”。句意：……里養(yǎng)了數(shù)百只小雞。句中所說的是圈養(yǎng)小雞，所以會需要一堵圍墻。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

（）morbidlyaggressiveperson,hewouldregardevenastareassomekindofintrusion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.Being

C.As

D.Tobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子成分。A選項(xiàng)A“一個；一位”；B選項(xiàng)Being“作為”引導(dǎo)主語從句；C選項(xiàng)As“作為”引導(dǎo)定語從句；D選項(xiàng)Tobe“成為”引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。主句hewouldregardevenastareassomekindofintrusion.（他甚至?xí)褎e人的凝視看作是一種冒犯。）句中成分完整，因此可排除B，C，D選項(xiàng)。句意：一個極其好斗的人，他甚至?xí)岩粋€眼神注視當(dāng)作一種侵犯。前面的句子用逗號隔開，可充當(dāng)主語he的同位語。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Theexperimentsoftenscientistswere（）inthereport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embodied

B.submerged

C.intensified

D.replied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)embodied“呈現(xiàn)；體現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)submerged“淹沒；沉浸”；C選項(xiàng)intensified“加劇；加強(qiáng)”；D選項(xiàng)replied“回答；回復(fù)”。句意：十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)都……在這份報告中。主語是experimentsoftenscientists“十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)”，句中缺少謂語動詞，由inthereport“在這份報告中”可知，這一份報告囊括了十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)，也即是說這份報告呈現(xiàn)了十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.翻譯題

學(xué)習(xí)對于心靈而言，猶如食物對于身體一樣重要。攝取足夠的食物營養(yǎng)之后，身體才得以成長，肌肉才得以發(fā)達(dá)。同樣，為保持敏銳的心智能力和擴(kuò)充智力容量，我們應(yīng)該日復(fù)一日地不斷學(xué)習(xí)。不斷學(xué)習(xí)為我們提供無盡的能量，它是跟上信息時代步伐最穩(wěn)妥的方法，也是在變動的時代中取得成功的可靠保證。

【答案】Asfoodistothebody,soislearningtothemind.Ourbodiesgrowandmusclesdevelopwiththeintakeofadequatenutritiousfood.Likewise,weshouldkeeplearningdaybydaytomaintainourkeenmentalpowerandexpandourintellectualcapacity.Learningincessantlyisthesurestwaytokeeppacewiththetimesintheinformationage,andreliablewarrantofsuccessintimesofuncertainty.

16.單選題

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengound