外語學校自編練習編寫者__________審核者__________編寫時間_____________班級______________姓名_________________學號_________________PeriodOne寫出下列詞的比較級與反義詞1.long_________________________________________________________3.thin________________________________________________________5.tall_______________________________________________________7.small______________________________________________________9.interesting_______________________________________根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示完成單詞10.Mysonisaq_______boy.Helikestostayathomeandread.11.Weshouldkeepc________infrontofdanger.12.OurChineseteacherisverys___________.Wearealittleafraidofhim.13.Kathyexerciseseveryday.Sheisverya__________.14.Tomismuch__________(heavy)thanJim.單項選擇15.Tomistaller________TomA.ofB.ThenC.thanD.or16.Sheis_________thanhersister.A.calmerB.calmerC.morecalmD.muchcalm17.—IsthatTara?—No,______________.A.itisB.Sheisn’tC.thatisn’tD.itisn’t18.Lucy_________longerhairthanLisa.A.isB.beC.hasD.does19.Jackalwaysmakesuslaugh,andheismuch_________thanhisbrother.A.funB.funnyC.funnierD.funniest20.HanMeiismyfriend.Sheis__________outgoingthanme.A.alittleB.muchC.alittlemuchD.muchmore21.Whichsubjectdoyoulike________,EnglishorChinese?A.wellB.betterC.thebestD.good22.Ourclassroomisbiggerthan____________.A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換23.SamspeaksChinesewell.TomspeaksChinesebetter.(合并為一句)TomspeaksChinese_____________thanSam.24.Tomisshort.Jimisshorter.(合并為一句)Tomis_____________________Jim.Jimis______________________Tom.25.Iamcalmerthanher.(改為同義句)She________________________thanme.26.Lilyhaslongerhairthanme.Lily’shair_________________thanmine.五、翻譯句子27.他比他弟弟高。________________________________________28.露西長著一頭長發(fā)。________________________________________29.露西的頭發(fā)比莉莉的短。__________________________________________30.小明很外向，但是他妹妹比他還要開朗。______________________________________________________________六、從方框中選出合適的句子補全對話（其中有兩項多余）Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?Isthatyourmother?Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?Isthatyourmother?Whatwereyoudoingthere?Didyouhaveagoodtime?Doyouwanttohavealook?Who’sthatman?Whatdidyoudothere?B:Yes,Iwenttherewithmyfamily.Wetookalotofphotos._______31_________A:Sure.______32_______B:No,that’smyaunt.Mymotherisshorterthanher.A:Oh,Isee.______33______B:That’smyfather.Heismoreseriousthanmymother.A:_______34________B:Wewentswimminginthesea.A:______35_______B:Yes,wehadagreattime.七、完形填空Tomwasnotold,__36__hedidnothave__37__hair.HiswifeGracehasthick,beautiful,blackhair.Theyhadonedaughter.__38__nameisJane,andshewasfourandahalfyearsold.Therewasaphoto__39__herfatherintheliving-room.One__40__,Janelookedatit__41__andthensaidtohermother,"Mummy,whydoesDaddyhaveverylittlehair?"Gracelaughedandsaid,"Hehasverylittlehairbecausehe__42__alot,Jane.He'sacleverman."Jane__43__hermother'sthick,blackhair__44__afewseconds,andthensheasked,"Mummy,_45__doesyouhavemuchhair?"()36.A.andB.thenC.but()37.A.manyB.muchC.few()38.A.HisB.HerC.Whose()39.A.forB.withC.of()40.A.yearB.dayC.week()41.A.longatimeB.foralongtimeC.longtime()42.A.thinksB.isthinkingC.thought()43.A.lookedforB.lookedupC.lookedat()44.A.inB.forC.at()45.A.whyB.whenC.how八、閱讀理解Thesunsaysheisstrongerthanthewind.Thewindsaysheisstrongerthanthesun.Amaniswalkingdownthestreet.Thesunsays,“Let’sseewhocanmakethemantakeoffhishatandcoat.Ifyoucandothat,youarestrongerthanme”Nowthewindbeginstoblow(吹).Buttheharderheblows,thetighter(更緊的)themanholdshishatandcoat.Thewindcan’tmakethemantakeoffhishatorcoat.Nowthesuntries.Heshines(照耀)brightly.Soonthemantakesoffhishat.Thenthesunshinesmorebrightly,andthemantakesoffhiscoat.Sothewindsays,“Youarestrongerthanme.”()46.Thewindisstrongerthanthesun.()47.Thesunsayshecanmakethemantakeoffhishatandcoat.()48.Thesunandthewindcan’tmakethemantakeoffhishatorcoat.()49.Theharderthewindblows,thetighterthemanholdshishatandcoat.()50.Thesunbeginstoshinebrightly,andthemantakesoffhishatandcoat.外語學校自編練習編寫者__________審核者__________編寫時間_____________班級______________姓名_________________學號_________________PeriodTwo一、寫出下列詞的比較級與反義詞1.funny______________2.late__________________________________4.much______________5.serious________________6.clever___________________7.fat________________8.athletic_________________9.fun____________________二、詞匯運用10.Thetwinsbothenjoy_______________(listen)topopmusic.11.Areyougoodat_____________(sing)?12.It’s______________(danger)toclimbthetree.13.MyEnglishteacherisas_______________(serious)ashers.14.Theoldwomanfeelseven_____________(bad)thanbefore.15.Here__________(be)someorangejuiceforyouandyourtwinsister.16.Doyouhaveanytime?Ineedsome____________(help).17.Thisquiltisvery_______________(expensive).Ican’taffordit.18.LucyandLilyaretwinsisters.Buttheylookquite________________(difference).19.Whichdoyoulike_____________(well),greenteaororangejuice?20.Ithinkthisstoryis_________________(interesting)thanthatone.三、單項選擇21.Davidisgood______Chinesehistory,whileJohndoeswell_________math.A.at;atB.in;inC.at;inD.in;at22.We____________blackeyesandblackhair.A.havebothB.bothhaveC.arebothD.bothare23.Iliketodothesamethings_____________myfriendLeo.A.likeB.asC.fromD.between24.Tonyis__________outgoingboyandLindais__________wildgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.an;aD.a;an25.________youcansee,insomewayswelookthesame,andinsomewayswelookdifferent.A.ForB.SinceC.AsD.Because26.Therearesome______________betweenthetwinbrother.A.sameB.differentC.differencesD.difference27.Itwas__________yesterdaythantoday.A.hotB.hoterC.hotterD.thehottest28.The__________friendsyouhave,the___________youwillbe.A.more;happyB.many;happyC.more;happierD.many;happier29.Thatbookisnotso__________asthisone.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting30.TheweatherinShanghaiis____________than_______________Beijing.A.hot,thatinB.hotter,thatinC.hot,inD.hotter,/四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換31.Tomistwelveyearsold.Mikeisthirteenyearsold.(合并為一句)Tomis_______________________________________________Mike.32.TheboydoeswellinEnglish.(改為同義句)Theboy__________________atEnglish.33.Maryis15yearsold.Aliceis15yearsold,too.(合并為一句)Maryis___________________________________Alice.34.Theybothlikeapples.(改為同義句)___________________________likeapples.35.Thisbookisnotasinterestingasthatbook.（同上）Thatbookis_______________________thanthisbook五、用給出的詞的比較級,完成對話MartinandJillionarehavingtheirlunchinarestaurant.Martin'scarandJillion'scarareoutsidetherestaurantinthecarpark.Jillislookingthroughthewindowatthecarandscooters(摩托車).“Ithinkscootersare36__________(good)thancars,”shesays.“Theyonlywantalittlepetrol(汽油),sotheyare37__________(cheap).AndIthinktheyare38__________(easy)todrive.”Martinlaughs.“Oh,carsaremoreexpensive,that'strue.”Hesays,“butthey'renot39__________(difficult)todrive.Andthink!Carsare40__________(big)thanscooters,sotheytakemorepeople.They're41__________(big),butthey'requiet.六、根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子，每空一詞42.這對雙胞胎在某些方面看上去不同。Thetwinslook___________in________________.43.那對雙胞胎看上去一模一樣。Thetwins__________________________________.44.盡管湯姆和蒂姆不是雙胞胎，但他們有很多共同點。TomandTimaren’ttwins,buttheyhavemanythings_________________________.45.我比他重一點。I’m______________________________________thanhim.46.謝謝你的上封來信。___________________________________yourlastletter.七、完形填空Trafficisveryimportant.Itmeanseverythingandeverybodyisusingtheroads.Todaymoreand____47___peopleliveinthecities.Sothereis__48trafficandusuallynotenough____49_,and50oftheroadsaretoonarrow(狹窄的).Thatis___51__thereareagreatmanyaccidents.Incities___52__overtheworldthousands___53peopledieor___54_hurtinaccidents.Ofcourse,trafficaccidentscan’toften__55inthecounties,becausethereisnot___56()47.A.most B.many C.some D.more()48.A.alotof B.many C.anumberof D.lots()49.A.ways B.means C.roads D.cars()50.A.some B.much C.more D.few()51.A.because B.so C.why D.that()52.A.of B.all C.and D.from()53.A.fromB.and C.with D.of()54.A.receive B.go C.are D.take()55.A.happenB.have C.produce D.form()56.A.too B.so C.enough D.such外語學校自編練習編寫者__________審核者__________編寫時間_____________班級______________姓名_________________學號_________________PeriodThree英漢互譯1.共有的，共同的___________________7.begoodat_________________________2.超出，超過_______________________8.thesameas________________________3.在……中受歡迎___________________9.moreimportant_____________________4.保密___________________________10.insomeways______________________5.時髦的衣服______________________11.lastletter__________________________6.和……不同______________________12.lookdifferent______________________二、詞匯運用13.Hisstoryisfunnierthan_____________(she).14.Sheis____________(healthy)thanherbrother.15.Theweatherthiswinteris___________(bad)thantheweatherlastwinter.16.Shedoes____________(good)insingingthanyou.17.Theymadeus__________(stay)fordinner.18.Jamesisafunnyboy,andheoftenmakesusl___________.19.Asstudents,wemustbegoodatours___________.20.Theletter“c”m________“copy”.21.Thatisveryimportantf_______me.22.___________(然而),wedon’tlikerunninginthemorning.23.Ithink_____________(物理)isalittledifficult.24.Mr.Kingisa___________(嚴肅的)person.三、補全對話（從方框中選擇最佳選項完成對話，有兩項多余）whoaredifferentfromme?howareyou?whoaredifferentfromme?howareyou?agoodfriendlikestodothesamethingsasmethat’snotveryimportantformewhatisagoodfriendlikeyouarerightheorsheisfunnyA:Maria,25________?B:Ithinkagoodfriendisgoodatsports.A:Youmeanheorsheisathletic?B:Yes.And26________.Heorsheoftenmakesmelaugh.A:Anythingelse?B:Er,Ithink27_________.A:Ican’tagreewithyou.Iliketohavefriends28________.B:Doyouthinkagoodfriendshouldbepopularinschool,too?A:Well,29_____________.四、用方框中所給單詞的適當形式填空，使短文通順、正確、連貫（每個單詞限用一次）。new,friendly,breakfast,do,so,stay,but,different,you,class,big,mealAnnacomesfromRussia.Sheis17yearsold.She’sgoingwiththeBlackfamilyforayear.AnnacomestoEnglandbecauseshewantstostudyEnglish.ShehelpsMrs.BlackhouseworkinthehouseandgoestoEnglisheveryWednesdayandFridayafternoon.AnnaisnowinLondon.Everythingis33._________toher.ShefindslifeisfromthatinMoscow.SomethingsareniceinLondon,manythingsarenotsonice.TheshopsareinLondonthanthoseinMoscow.it’sveryexpensivetoenjoyinLondon.It’sexpensivetohaveaatarestaurantorgotoacinema.NowAnnahasgotusedto(習慣)manythings,butshecan’tgetusedtotheinEngland.“YouEnglisheatsomuchinthemorning,”sheoftensays.“Fruits,porridge,eggs,teaandbread.Howcanyouface(面對)allthatfoodsoearlyintheday?”五、閱讀理解Theearthmovesroundthesun,andthemoonmovesroundtheearth.Whenourpartoftheearthturnstothemoon,itisnight.Thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Butsometimesthemoonlooksbiggerthanthesun,becauseit’smuchnearertotheearth.Thesunisverybright.Itgivesaverystronglight.Themoonlooksquitebright,too.Butitdoesn’tgiveanylightatall.Themoonlooksmuchbiggerandbrighterthanthestars.Butactuallythestarsaremuchbiggerandbrighterthanthemoon.Theylooksmallerthanthemoonbecausethey’remuchfartherawayfromus.40.____movesround________.A.Theearth;themoonB.Themoon;theearthC.Themoon;thestarsD.Thesun;theearth41.Sometimesthemoonlooksbiggerthanthesun,because_________.A.itismuchbiggerthanthesunB.itcomesoutonlyatnightC.itismuchnearertotheearththanthesunD.itdoesn’tgiveastronglight42.Thesun_______________.A.isverybright,anditgivesaverystronglightB.isn’tbright,butitgivesaverystronglightC.isverybig,butitdoesn’tgiveanylightatallD.isveryround,butitcan’tmoveround43.Thestars______________.A.lookmuchbiggerthanthemoonB.lookmuchbiggerthanthesunC.arealotbrighterthanthemoon,buttheyarenotbiggerthanthemoonD.aremuchfartherawayfromusthanthemoon外語學校自編練習編寫者__________審核者__________編寫時間_____________班級______________姓名_________________學號_________________PeriodFour英漢互譯1.相反的觀點____________________2.mostofthekids_______________________3.擊敗某人______________________4.Englishstudycenter___________________5.weekendteacher_________________6.小學生_____________________________7.begoodwith____________________8.一些信息__________________________9.學習成績好____________________10.moreoutgoing_______________________11.對于我來說___________________12.stoptalking_________________________二、單項選擇13.Heis______hisstudents,andheoftentellsthemlisteningmoreis______theiroralEnglish.A.goodat,goodtoB.goodwith,goodforC.goodto,goodatD.goodfor,goodwith14.Tom_________meinchesslastSunday.A.wonB.beatC.winD.beats15.What'stheoppositeof"same"?A.tallB.differentC.beautifulD.hungry16.LiLei'sparents______doctors.A.areallB.arebothC.allareD.bothare17.There____morethanonecarinhisfamily.A.hasB.isC.areD.have18.Pleasecome________tomyhouseonSunday.A.upB.overC.inD.on19.It’simpoliteto_________disabledpeople.A.smileatB.tolaughatC.tosmileD.laughat20.Itisnecessary_______him_______protecthimself.A.for,/B.of,toC.for,toD.of,of21.Thesame_______hismother,hehasagoodsenseofmusic.A.withB.asC.toD.for22.Doyouknowthegirl_________isstandingunderthetree?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which23.Theblueskirtistooexpensive.Couldyoushowmea________one?A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.morecheap24.Therearesometreeson________sideoftheroad.A.bothB.allC.eitherD.every25.—__________shouldgetthejob,BillorVictor?—IthinkVictorshouldgetthejob.A.WhodoyouthinkB.WhosedoyouthinkC.DoyouthinkwhoseD.Doyouthinkwho三、閱讀理解Everyoneneedsfriends.Weallliketoclosetosomeone.Itisnicetotalk,tolaugh,andtodothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon’talwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearethesame.Sometimesfriendsdon’tgetalongwell.Thatdoesn’tmeantheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Itcouldbethatwewouldneverseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.Whenwehavefriends,wewillbeveryhappy.Beinghappyhelpsusstaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutus,wetakebettercareofourselves.26.Thefirstparagraph(段落)tellus______________________.nooneneedsfriendswealwaysneedfriendsmakingfriendsistheneedinpeople’slifeweneedtobealone27.Inthepassage,thewriterdoesn’ttellusthat_______________________.peoplearehappywhentheirfriendsleavethempeoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveaway.peoplecanremembertheirfriendsindifferentways.peopleliketheirnewfriendsindifferentways28.Peoplewillnotnamea_____________afterfriendlypeople.A.cityB.roomC.townD.badthing29.Whenpeoplehavefriendstheywill___________________.A.feelhappyandhealthyB.getalotofhelpfromtheirfriendsC.takebettercareofthemselvesD.AandC30.Themainideaofthispassageis__________________.A.thatpeopleareallfriendsB.thatpeopleneedsfriendsC.howtogettoknowfriendsD.howtonameaplace四、下列各句中均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正31.Myscarfismorebeautifulthanher._____________________32.Don’ttakesomuchtimewatchingTV.____________________33.Dickisastallerashisfather.____________________34.Themoreyoueat,theheavyyouwillbe.______________________35.Thankyouforspendmeanicepresent._____________________36.Althoughheworkedhardathislesson,buthedidn’tpasstheexam.__________________37.I’mmoreathleticthanhedoes.___________________38.Maryismorewilderthanher39.Holly’sbestfriendisquitefunnierthansheis.______________________40.Julia,LindaandMaryarebothmypenpals._________________________五、按照要求改寫句子41.Katefeltveryhappyonthatday.(改為一般疑問句)_______Kate________veryhappyonthatday?42.Thereareoverfiftystudentsinourclass.(改為同義句)Thereare___________________fiftystudentsinourclass.43.Carry’seyesarebiggerthanFlora’s.(改為同義句)Carryhas___________________thanFlora’s44.Theboy_bycar_isJim’selderbrother.(對劃線部分提問)___________________isJim’selderbrother?45.Ithinkyouareright.(改為否定句)I____________________you________right.外語學校自編練習編寫者__________審核者__________編寫時間_____________班級______________姓名_________________學號_________________PeriodFive一、詞匯A)用所給詞的適當形式填空athletic,interest,call,different,readathletic,interest,call,different,read1.Therearetwo_____________betweenthetwopictures.2.Please_____________Kateat343—5676.3.Thebookisvery______________.Weallliketoreadit.4.Webothlikesports,butJamesis__________________thanme.5.It’snecessaryforus_________________Englisheverymorning.B)根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列單詞6.Ithink_________________(友誼)areveryimportant.7.Tomismy__________________(最好的)friend.8.I’m_________________(安靜的)thanheis.9.Hewantssome______________(信息)aboutthematter.10.Theyhavedifferent________________(愛好).C)根據(jù)句意及首字母提示不全所缺單詞，完成下列各句11.Theyaretwins.H___________,theydon’tlookthesame.12.LiLiandLiYingaresisters.Theyhavesomethinginc____________.13.LucyandLilyhaveo___________viewsanddifferentideas.14.West15.Doyouknowwhatthiswordm___________.二、單項選擇()16.MyT—shirtismucholderthan__________.A.herB.sheC.hersD.she’s()17.Themovieis_________thanthatone.A.interestingB.interestingerC.moreinterestingD.interest()18.Thetwinbrothers_________students.A.arebothB.bothareC.areallD.bothis()19.Ginaisgoodat_________.A.swimB.toswimC.swimsD.swimming()20.Tomisnot__________seriousasSam.A.asB.moreC.muchD.same()21.Theteacher’swordsmadeus___________.A.laughsB.tolaughC.laughD.laughing.()22.Shehaslongerhairthanhe___________.A.isB.hasC.doD.does()23.Iam__________thanmyfriend.A.thinerB.fatC.thinnerD.longer.()24.Theboxis_________heavierthanthatone.A.alotofB.muchC.veryD.more()25.Whois________,TinaorTara?A.shortB.shorterC.tallD.smart()26.Thesongbecomes____________amongthestudents.A.popularB.muchpopularC.popularandpopularD.muchmorepopular()27.Yesterdayhedidverywell.Buttodayhedoesit___________.A.wellB.goodC.betterD.weller()28.________hewasillyesterday,_________hestillwenttoschool.A.Though,/B./,thoughC.Though,butD.But,though()29.Myfatherwasverytired,sohestopped_________arest.A.havingB.tohaveC.hadD.ishaving()30.—I’m_______hungry.—Thereare_________applesonthedesk.Pleaseeatone.A.little,alittleB.afew,littleC.alittle,afewD.few,few三、完形填空DaveandAndyaregoodfriends,buttheyaredifferentinsome___31___.Andyisagoodstudent.Heworks___32___anddoeswellinallhissubjects.Heenjoys___33__verymuch.AndyissmarterthanhisfriendDavyandheoften___34___Davywithhisstudies.Daveisn’t___35__atallhissubjectsexpect(除了)music,andhelikes___36___best.Helikesplayingthepiano,writing___37___own(自己的)songsandsingingsongs___38___weekends.Allhisteachersthinkhewaslazy(懶惰的)___39__hedoesn’tdowellinhis___40___.Healwaysfails(不及格)inmostofhistests.___41___,hegoesonpracticingsingingandwriting___42___.Heisinterestedinmusicandhewantstobeafamouspop___43___inthefuture(將來).___44___DavyandAndyaredifferentattheirschoolwork,theyhaveaninterestincommon.—___45___ofthemlovemusicandtheylikesingingtogether.Andtheywanttoformabandinthefuture.()31.A.kindsB.partsC.waysD.means()32.A.hardB.happyC.muchD.difficultly()33.A.playingB.studyingC.swimmingD.training()34.A.helpsB.talksC.takesD.joins()35.A.goodB.wellC.fineD.better()36.A.EnglishBscienceC.musicD.chemistry()37.A.herB.hisC.itsD.their()38.A.inB.afterC.betweenD.on()39.A.soB.butC.becauseD.or()40.A.sportsB.activitiesC.subjectsD.tours()41.A.SoB.thoughC.WhenD.However()42.A.storiesB.songsC.sentencesD.articles()43.A.actorB.assistantC.singerD.doctor()44.A.ButB.AndC.WhenD.Though()45.A.bothB.allC.anyD.every四、閱讀理解，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正誤TwoFarmsJiWeilivesonafarm.Thefarmisnotbig.Hisparentsgrowrice(水稻)andwheat（小麥）.Theydon’tuseanimalstodofarmworkanymore.Todaytheyuseatractor.Itworksfasterandbetter.AfterJiWeidoeshisworkinthefields,helikestositandlookattheblueskyandthegreenhills.Hethinksthecountryismorebeautifulthanthecity.Inthecity,hecan’theartheanimals.Inthecountry,hecanhearbirdssingingandsheepbleating.JohnagreeswithJiWei.John’sfamilylivesonafarm,too.Theygrowcornandwheat.Hethinkstheircornisthemostdelicious.Heoftensitsandlistenstotheanimals.Johnalsolikesthecountrybetterthanthecity.Onhisfarm,thereisasmalllake.Johnoftengoesfishingthereinsummer,andskatingthereinwinter.Johnlikestoplaywithhisdog,Cody.Codyisaveryinterestingdog.Helikestofollowpeople.Whentheystop,hestops.Whentheywalk,hewalks.JohnthinksCodyisthebestdogofall.()46.JiWei’sfamilyusesanimalstodofarmwork.()47.JiWeithinksthecityismorebeautifulthanthecity.()48.ThereisasmalllakeonJohn’sfarm.()49.John’sfamilygrowsriceandcorn.()50.JohnlikesCodyverymuch.五、補全對話whoaredifferentfrommeagoodfriendlikestodothesamethingsasmethat’snotveryimportantformewhatisagoodfriendlikeheorsheisfunnyHollyandMariaaretalkingaboutwhatagoodfriendislike.H:Maria,____51____?M:Ithinkagoodfriendisgoodatsports.H:Youmeanheorsheisathletic?M:Yes.And____52____.Imeanheorsheoftenmakesmelaugh.H:Anythingelse?M:Er…Ithink__