書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川民族學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifthebuildingproject（

）bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.

問題1選項

A.beingcompleted

B.iscompleted

C.tobecompleted

D.completed

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。從句中已有謂語動詞isdelayed，空格處為非謂語動詞，排除B選項。A選項beingcompleted表示正在進行的被動；C選項tobecompleted表示將來的被動；D選項completed表示一般被動。根據(jù)bytheendofthismonth（到本月底）可知此處是對將來的假設(shè)，因此選C。句意：如果這個建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的計劃被推遲，該建筑公司將被罰款。

2.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbonds(關(guān)系)amongmembersofgroups.Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivityarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thecapacitytowork

C.thestimulustowork

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects.

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained.

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements.

D.theyproducemorelovethanhateamongpeople.

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpustoadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能無法活下去:既不知道快樂也不知道恐懼，他們可能會重復(fù)對自己有益的行為，也會重復(fù)對自己有害的行為?！毖韵轮饩褪侨藗儾恢朗裁词虑閷ψ约河幸嫣帲裁词虑橛泻?，所以選項B正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們無法學(xué)習(xí):他們無法從經(jīng)驗中獲益，因為這個沒有感情的世界將缺乏獎賞和懲罰?？芍藗儚莫勝p和懲罰中學(xué)習(xí)。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段“Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會的經(jīng)濟支柱將會被毀滅，因為掙1000萬美元并不會比掙10美元帶來更多快樂，沒有了工作的動力。事實上，任何事情的動力都沒有了，因為我們知道動力反映了享受它們的能力?！笨芍?jīng)濟的支柱是工作的動力，故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.我們對事物和事件的情感體驗會產(chǎn)生一種社會認(rèn)同感，認(rèn)為某些事物和行為是"好的"而另一些是"壞的"。事實上，社會利用我們的情感反應(yīng)和態(tài)度，如忠誠、道德、驕傲、羞恥、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和貪婪，來維持自身?！笨芍狟項“它們是維持社會認(rèn)同感的基礎(chǔ)?！闭_。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.為個體，我們會根據(jù)我們的情緒對物體進行分類。誠然，我們會考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但它對我們做了什么或能做什么更重要——傷害我們、讓我們驚訝、憤怒或高興。”可知物體的情感方面能夠引導(dǎo)我們?nèi)フ{(diào)整自己的行為以便更好地適應(yīng)周圍的環(huán)境。故D項正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，是關(guān)系人民福祉、關(guān)于民族未來的長遠大計。面對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的嚴(yán)峻形勢，我們必須樹立尊重自然、保護自然的生態(tài)文明理念，把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)放在突出地位，融入經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)各個方面和全過程，努力建設(shè)美麗中國，實現(xiàn)中華民族的永續(xù)發(fā)展。

【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

4.單選題

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals（

）havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

問題1選項

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句子開頭是only引導(dǎo)的狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，用來修飾整個句子時，空格部分主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。故需要將情態(tài)動詞和助動詞提前。句意為：只有頂級期刊上發(fā)表至少五篇論文，老師們才有機會晉升為教授。因此選項B正確。

5.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Sheiskidding.

B.Shewillgetaraise.

C.Themanwillgetaraise.

D.Themanwillgetapromotion.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Ourmanagingdirectorisgoingtogiveyouaraise.

M:Really?Areyoukiddingme?

W:Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!

Q:Whatdoesthewomansay?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說：Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!肯定男士即將漲薪水。

6.單選題

Withfacilitiesworth30to50billiondollarsand9,000milesofroadsinthenationalparksystemalone,keepingupwithneededrepairsis_（）_.

問題1選項

A.overwhelming

B.appalling

C.dominant

D.appealing

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。overwhelming“勢不可擋的”；appalling“令人震驚的”；dominant“主導(dǎo)的”；appealing“吸引力的”。句意：僅國家公園系統(tǒng)就擁有價值300億到500億美元的設(shè)施和9000英里的道路，維修花費是令人吃驚的。選項B符合題意。

7.填空題

Ourinitialfieldworksite（1）outtobecompletelyunsuitable.Ourteam（2）overaweektherebeforewerecognizedthatwe（3）neverfindthequalityoffossilswewere（4）forinthatspot.

【答案】1.turned;

2.worked;

3.would;

4.looking

【解析】1.固定搭配。turnouttobe被發(fā)現(xiàn)是，結(jié)果是。而且此處應(yīng)為過去式turned。

2.語義題。第二空填不及物動詞,因此worked符合句意。

3.語法分析。第三空填would表示過去將來時。

4.固定搭配。wewerefor是定語從句修飾thequalityoffossils,那么第四空可填現(xiàn)在分詞looking,構(gòu)成lookfor“尋找”。

8.單選題

CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit_____inCuba.

問題1選項

A.beingcultivated

B.beencultivated

C.havingcultivated

D.cultivating

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：玉米原產(chǎn)于新大陸，因此直到哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)古巴在種植玉米，歐洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根據(jù)玉米被種植確定用被動語態(tài)，排除C、D選項；在until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，it是賓語，橫線到句尾是賓補，強調(diào)被種植的狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式，A選項beingcultivated符合題意。B選項beencultivated用法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Priortotheelection,thecandidatehadpromisedtoimprovethelivingconditionsoftheworkers.

問題1選項

A.Until

B.Dueto

C.Considering

D.Before

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項Until“直到……為止”；B選項Dueto“由于”；C選項Considering“考慮到”；D選項Before“在……之前”。句意：在選舉之前，這位候選人曾承諾要改善工人的生活條件。劃線部分Priorto是在……之前的意思。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Thedriverwasinan（

）ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.

問題1選項

A.agony

B.ache

C.ailing

D.ailment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項agony“苦惱，極度痛苦”；B選項ache“疼痛”；C選項ailing“不適，困擾”；D選項ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司機因為撞倒了那個女孩而感到極度悲痛。選項A更符合語境。

11.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

SupposeyouareinterestedinaresearchprogramattheUniversityofCalifornia,UnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtodoresearchatthatuniversity.

【答案】略

12.單選題

What______supposewouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

問題1選項

A.willyou

B.doyou

C.wouldyou

D.youwould

【答案】B

【解析】考查語序。在該句子中，doyousuppose相當(dāng)于一個插入語，Whatwouldhappenifthe...才是一個整體，做全句的賓語從句。類似的表達還有doyouthink等。句意：你猜想看看，如果主管知道你那樣想之后會發(fā)生什么事。因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問題1選項

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時刻才被允許提前離開。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Itistimewe（

）inbed.

問題1選項

A.shouldbe

B.were

C.willbe

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。itistime后面接虛擬語氣，有兩種表達方式，一種是should+動詞原形，另一種是用過去式表將來時，所以答案A，B都可。

15.單選題

Somesociologistsareworriedaboutthe（）throughoutthewholesociety.

問題1選項

A.fraudulent

B.generous

C.dynamic

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。fraudulent“欺詐的”；generous“慷慨的”；dynamic“動態(tài)的”;compulsive“極有趣的”。句意：一些社會學(xué)家擔(dān)心整個社會的欺詐問題。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

問題2選項

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

問題3選項

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

問題4選項

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

問題5選項

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多數(shù)國家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因為尚未制定出針對外科手術(shù)進步的立法）可知A選項“大多數(shù)國家沒有關(guān)于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（習(xí)慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進行，可能無法及時聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過了這樣的法律）可知D選項“在一些國家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當(dāng)然的”正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建議，應(yīng)開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵人們在其遺囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項“應(yīng)該鼓勵人們在死后捐獻器官”和C選項“器官移植應(yīng)該提倡，因為它有利于人類社會”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說明”符合題意。通過排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。

3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意為“和……一起”；besuperiorto意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”?！癷mpair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會……潛在供者的正常復(fù)蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項最符合邏輯關(guān)系。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復(fù)蘇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為除此之外，努力復(fù)蘇是無用的）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問題，因此選A。

17.單選題

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

問題1選項

A.bound

B.polished

C.optimized

D.confined

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bound“綁；裝訂；包扎；凝固”；B選項polished“拋光，擦亮；修改，潤色；（使）完美，改進”；C選項optimized“優(yōu)化；持樂觀態(tài)度；使最優(yōu)化，使完善”；D選項confined“限制，使局限；禁止離開，關(guān)押；臥床分娩”。句意：他聽到了這個壞消息，但當(dāng)他對員工們講話時，他把自己的話______在一些暗示銷售下滑的跡象上。此處填“限制”一詞最符合句意，所以D選項正確。

18.單選題

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

問題1選項

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗號前后沒有連接詞，所以逗號后面不能是完整的句子，這里是分詞短語做狀語，前后為因果關(guān)系，所以選項C目的狀語可首先排除；再根據(jù)句意可知，這里表被動，所以選項D正確。句意：主席被要求辭職，因為他被認(rèn)為完全不適合這個職位。

19.單選題

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項

A.scratched

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scrapped

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項scratch“（用手）撓頭”；B選項screw“用（螺絲釘）釘住”；C選項scrape“刮，擦”；D選項scrap“拋棄，廢棄”，根據(jù)空格后面作賓語的關(guān)鍵詞“head頭”，可知這里填入的單詞要符合句子語境意思“想著怎么解決這個問題”，故空格單詞意思應(yīng)該為“（用手）撓頭”，句意為：他抓了抓頭，想著怎么解決這個問題。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

TheInternethasbeenaroundforanalmostequalamountoftimeasmostformsofmedia,butonlyrecently（）apopularwayofretrievinginformation.

問題1選項

A.hasitbecome

B.ithasbecame

C.itbecomes

D.doesitbecome

【答案】A

【解析】語法知識。根據(jù)only可知這里應(yīng)該用倒裝，首先排除選項B和C；填空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，所以選項A正確。

21.單選題

（）theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.

問題1選項

A.Togive

B.Given

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven

【答案】B

【解析】句意:考慮到德國的經(jīng)濟能力的聲明，如此衰弱的德國實際經(jīng)濟情況，確實有些令人驚訝。

語義分析。given在做介詞時表示“考慮到，如果有”，后接名詞或代詞。這里可以把“giventheclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight”理解為“考慮到德國的經(jīng)濟能力的聲明”。

22.單選題

Thephilosophyteacherwasindeedamazedbythestudents’（）inhandingthecomputer.

問題1選項

A.availability

B.probability

C.variability

D.versatility

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這位哲學(xué)老師的確為這些學(xué)生在操控計算機上的多才多藝感到驚訝。

考查名詞辨析。Availability可利用，可用性，有用（效）性；probability可能性，機率；variability可變性，變異性；versatility多功能性，多才多藝，用途廣泛。因此D符合句意。

23.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryearsisthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】繪畫是靜態(tài)的。在幾天或幾年時間里反復(fù)看一幅畫的經(jīng)歷的獨特性在于畫的內(nèi)容在變遷中仍然保持不變。當(dāng)然，由于歷史或個人發(fā)展,盡管該圖像的意義可能會改變,但描述的內(nèi)容是不變的:一樣的奶瓶中流出的一樣的牛奶，海面上完全一樣的完整的波浪，不變的微笑和笑臉。

人們可能會說，繪畫保存了一個瞬間。然而，仔細想想，這顯然是不真實的。因為與被拍攝的瞬間不一樣，繪畫中的瞬間從未存在。因此，不能說一幅畫保存了一個瞬間。如果一幅畫留住了某個瞬間，那么它就不能保存代替隨后瞬間的過去瞬間，就像相片一樣。

24.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問題1選項

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語，Ithink作插入語時，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學(xué)家又有了一個了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)這對科學(xué)很重要。

25.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興；蘇醒”；persist“堅持”；intensify“增強，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對律師事務(wù)所中那些運用手段圖謀權(quán)力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個人對于確定誰應(yīng)該是他們的午餐伙伴的問題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與initialfascination形成對比，故D項“減退”正確。

26.單選題

Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthehelper’sownwelfare’’,（

）“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingtheother’swelfare”.

問題1選項

A.as

B.otherwise

C.while

D.although

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。句中提到了利己動機和利他動機，存在對比，四個選項中C選項while可表示對比關(guān)系“卻，然而”。因此C選項符合題意。

27.填空題

Onceinsidethevirtualclassroom,youhaveaccesstoachatfeature,an________whiteboardandavideowindowwheretheycanseeandhearthetutorinlivevideoandaudio.(interact)

【答案】interactive

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】橫線部分和white修飾board，指的是用來上課的交互式白板，interactive意思為“交互式的”，符合語境。

【句意】一旦進入虛擬教室，你就可以使用聊天功能、交互式白板和視頻窗口，學(xué)生就可以看到導(dǎo)師的實時視頻，聽到音頻。

28.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBachinstrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

問題2選項

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

問題3選項

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

問題4選項

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問在從事藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和自然科學(xué)之間的差別。根據(jù)原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.極富創(chuàng)意的藝術(shù)和極具創(chuàng)意的科學(xué)之間的差異來自于自己的目標(biāo)的差異。對于科學(xué)，新理論是創(chuàng)造性行為的目的和歸宿。”可知兩者之間的差異是在它們的目的不同，A選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有關(guān)貝多芬，人們稱他推翻了種種規(guī)則，將音樂從傳統(tǒng)的令人窒息的范圍中解放出來。然而，對他音樂作品一番細致的研究會揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實質(zhì)上，他是一個無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨特方式利用各種局限從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)?？芍狣選項‘他綜合了新舊音樂形式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換’正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattransce