直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)詳細(xì)講解加練習(xí)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)詳細(xì)講解加練習(xí)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)詳細(xì)講解加練習(xí)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)DirectspeechandIndirectspeech什么是直接引語(yǔ)？----直接引述他人的原話，一般加冒號(hào)，且沒有時(shí)態(tài)響應(yīng)的問題；如：Hesaid,“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”什么是間接引語(yǔ)？-----用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話，不用引號(hào)，平常狀況組成賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的語(yǔ)序，時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地址狀語(yǔ)，和指示代詞等都有變化。如：Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’thefinishwork.為何要把直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)？----當(dāng)你需要轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話的時(shí)候就需要用到；除了用say,還能夠用tell,ask等。所轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容能夠是陳說句，疑問句，特別疑問句，祈使句，痛惜句，這幾種狀況下該怎么將直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)呢？只需記著剛剛說的那6點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序，時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地址狀語(yǔ)，和指示代詞，記著相對(duì)應(yīng)的變化規(guī)則，那么就不是一件難事。下邊我們來(lái)看例子：直接引語(yǔ)：Hesaid,“Mydadwillbebacktomorrowmorning”間接引語(yǔ)：Hesaidthathisdadwouldbebackthenext/followingmorning..我們來(lái)分析一下這個(gè)例句，時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都發(fā)生了變化Mydad---hisdad,willbeback---wouldbeback,tomorrowmorning---thenext/followingmorning一、下邊我們先看時(shí)態(tài)不變的5種狀況：1）直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真諦，自然現(xiàn)象，名言，俗語(yǔ)，或許與一個(gè)詳細(xì)的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事及時(shí)，不論主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)候時(shí)態(tài)均不變，如：“Theearthmovesaroundthesun,”theteachertoldus.Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.said,“IwasborninGuangdongin1990”.HesaidhewasborninGuangdongin1990.said,“Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.Goethesaidtheimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.:Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.

”2）主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是此刻是或未來(lái)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)不時(shí)態(tài)不變says,“Ifinishedthework.”Hesayshefinishedthework.willsay,“Ihavewateredtheflower.”Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflower.willsay,“Iwilltrymybesttohelpyou.”Hewillsayhewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）直接引語(yǔ)假如是一般此刻時(shí)，表示頻頻出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)不時(shí)態(tài)不變。said,“Mybrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.”Jacksaidhisbrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.mothersaid,“Ilike-lineonshopping.”Mymothersaidshelikeson-lineshopping.4)直接引語(yǔ)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，或許是過去達(dá)成不時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變，如said,“Lucy,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouneartheshop?

”JimaskedLucywhereshewasgoingwhenhemetherneartheshop.said,“Tomwashavingvideomeetingat9o’clocklastnight.

”KellysaidTomwashavingvideomeetingat9oklastnight’clocsaid,“IhadcalledTombeforelunch.JohnsaidhehadcalledTombeforelunch.

”5)should,wouldought,hadbetter,might,usedto,could,must沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的過去式，因此在間接引語(yǔ)中時(shí)態(tài)一般不變，如：said,“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”JasonsaidIhadbettercomeheretoday.什么狀況下時(shí)態(tài)需要變化？請(qǐng)看時(shí)態(tài)變化表格，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去式時(shí)：一般此刻時(shí)---一般過去式一般過去時(shí)---過去達(dá)成時(shí)一般未來(lái)時(shí)---過去未來(lái)時(shí)此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)---過去進(jìn)行時(shí)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)---過去達(dá)成時(shí)此刻達(dá)成進(jìn)行時(shí)---過去達(dá)成進(jìn)行時(shí)例句：1）Hesaid,“Iamverytired一.般此刻時(shí)”(---一般過去時(shí))----Hesaidhewasverytired.----Hesaysheisverytired.2)“Areyoutired?”sheasked.----SheaskedifIwastired..----SheasksifIamtired.3)Tomasked,“WillJackarrivetomorrow?（一般未來(lái)時(shí)”—過去未來(lái)時(shí)）Tomaskedif/whetherJackwouldarrivetomorrow.Tomasksif/whetherJackwillarrivetomorrow.4）Sheasked,“WhenwillJackarrive?”SheaskedwhenJackwouldarrive.SheaskswhenJackwillarrive.5)“Ibrokethatplate.(”一般He過said去時(shí).---過去達(dá)成時(shí))Hesaidhehadbrokentheplate.Hesayshebrokethatplate.Hetoldmethathehadbrokenthatplate.5）Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”HesaidIhadtoldhimthatstory.HesaysItoldhimthatstory.6)Hesaid,“ImetMr.Smiththismorning.”HesaidhehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.7)Hesaid,“Iamusingtheknife(現(xiàn).在進(jìn)行時(shí)”---過去進(jìn)行時(shí))Hesaidhewasusingtheknife.8)Mymothersaid,“Yoursisteriswashingherfacenow.”Mymothersaidmysisteriswashingherfacethen.9)Hesaidtome,“She’sleftherbookinyour(現(xiàn)room在完.成時(shí)---過去”達(dá)成時(shí))Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.10)Mr.Jonessaid,“Ihavejustfinishedwork.”Mr.Jonessaidhehadjustfinishedwork.11）Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.12)在達(dá)成行

---去達(dá)成行二、接下來(lái)我來(lái)看看人稱是怎么化的：1、人稱的1）直接引中的第一人稱，一般第三人稱，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.>He”——saidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引中的第二人稱，假如原是述人的，第一人稱，如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfather>toldme.

——MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）直接引中的第二人稱，假如原是第三人稱的，成第三人稱。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight>.”——Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人稱的包含人稱代、物主代和名性物主代等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?>HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.之，人稱的不是固定的，詳細(xì)狀況，詳細(xì)待，要符合。三、下邊來(lái)看看狀，地址狀，有指示代的化：直接引接引指示代this/thesethat/thosenowThentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month?)thatweek(month?)狀yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month?)theweek(month?)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month?)thenextweek(month?)地址狀hereTherecomeGobringTakeHesaid,“ImetMr.Smiththismorning.他”“我今日清晨到史密斯了。”HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他他那一天清晨到史密斯了。Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”他：“我昨天去影院了?！盚esaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他前一天他去影院了。Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉她下一個(gè)月就回去。Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.他那九點(diǎn)了。Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherhatday.他那一天他沒有到她。Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她前一天她去了那里。Shesaid,“I'llgotheretomorrow.”她：“明日我將去那里?！盨hesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她次日她將去那里。Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他：“三天前我妹妹在兒。”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他三天前他妹妹在那里。(here→there;ago→before)Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她那晚她將去那里。（come→go；here→there；this→that）以上些化,要依據(jù)的詳細(xì)和詳細(xì)地址的狀況而定，不能夠機(jī)械照搬。假如就在當(dāng)?shù)厥?，here就不用改there,come也不用改go,假如就在當(dāng)日述，yesterday或tomorrow等狀也不用改。直接引中的一般去如與一個(gè)詳細(xì)的去狀用，接引的一般去不。Fathersaid,“Iamfreethisafternoon”父：“我今日下午有空?！盕athersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon.父他今日下午有空。Hesaid,“Iamgoingtheretomorrow.”他“我明日去那里?！盚esaidthathewasgoingtheretomorrow.他他明日去那里。巧:去掉引號(hào)加that，人稱化要靈巧，向退后一步，狀化按定四、直接引成接引，句子構(gòu)的化1）述句。用that引，that在口中常省略。主句的可直用接引中的也可用told來(lái)取代，注意，能夠saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不能夠直接如：

said,toldthat,Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.>Hesaid”tous——thathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.>”——HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不能夠toldthat）其余主句中的常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：Hesaid，“I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.becauseoftheheavytraffic.

>Heexplained”——tousthathewaslate假如接引是由that引的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列從句，的一般不省略，免得紛亂。

第一個(gè)能夠省略，此后Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.>Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2）直接引一般疑句，（也稱能否疑句，）接引用whether或if引，原主句中said要改asked（me/him/us等），序是述句的序，一點(diǎn)特別重要。

”——Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultyinpronunciation?>”——Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?>”——HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3）直接引疑句，接引用whether?or?表達(dá)，而不用if?or?，也不用either?or?如.：Heasked,

“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?

”——>

HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?

>

”Iasked——himwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.4）直接引特別疑句，改成接引，本來(lái)的疑作接引的，主句的用ask（sb.）來(lái)表達(dá)，序改述句序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”>——Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?>

”——Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.1.Heasked________forthecomputer.5）直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，改為間接引語(yǔ)，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo，（由必然祈使句變?yōu)椋゛sksb.nottodo（由否認(rèn)祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），而且在不定式短語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地址狀語(yǔ)、人稱及時(shí)態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.>He”——askedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”He>said.Hetold——metobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.——>Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”the>teachersaid.Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6）有些含有“建議”——>、“勸說”——>的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如：Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.>Hesuggested”——ourhavingarest.Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.>He”——offeredtohelpme.

——7）當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)形式上是疑問句，有表示懇求，建議意義時(shí)，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked>He.asked——metoopenthedoor.“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heasked>us.——Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8）直接引語(yǔ)是痛惜句時(shí)，變間接引語(yǔ)可用what或how指引，也可用that指引，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!>Shesaid”——whatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.即學(xué)即練A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_______.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He______me_____thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid_________.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty._____-”very→naughtyHe.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.Sheasked________.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadnB.whether’youIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_________.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_______.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”He_____me_______thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don’Ct.dotoldme;don’Dtdo.toldme;nottodo我告訴他我丟了錢并會(huì)找到這筆錢。她問我次日有沒有空。我問她次日去哪里去干什么。他爸爸告訴他不要衣著新外衣去爬樹。這個(gè)陌生人問我的名字是什么。他說:"我把書落在你房間了。"她說:"他會(huì)很忙的。"她對(duì)湯姆說:"你能幫我嗎?""Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?"theyoungmanasked."Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,"thelittleboysaidhappily."Lighttravelsfasterthansound,"thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls."Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?"Mar