1、Unit 3 Back to the past單元視窗Wordlist civilization sivilaizein n.文明 lecture lekt n.講座 found faund vt.興建,創(chuàng)辦,創(chuàng)建BC 公元前 (before Christ縮寫)* Roman n.羅馬人 adj.羅馬的;羅馬人的take over奪取;接管 volcano vlkeinu n.火山AD 公元 (Anno Domini 縮寫)erupt irpt i. (火山等)爆發(fā) * lava l:v n.熔巖;火山巖ash n.火山灰;灰,灰燼 pour p:r vi.傾瀉,流出 vt. 倒出unfort

2、unate nf:tnit ad.遺憾的, 不幸的mud md n.泥,泥漿,爛泥decorate dekreit vt.裝飾,裝璜flee fli: vi. & vt. 逃避,逃跑,迅速離開researcher ris:t n.研究者,調(diào)查者,探索者 true-to-life 逼真的disaster diz:st n.災(zāi)難destroy distri vt.毀壞,摧毀commercial km:l adj.商業(yè)的,貿(mào)易的 wealthyweliadj.富有的;富裕的gradually grdjuli adv.漸漸地,逐漸地 sandstorm n.沙塵暴,風(fēng)沙scholar skl n.學(xué)者

3、;獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者cultural kltrl adj.文化的instituteinstitju:tn.(教育、專業(yè)等的) 機(jī)構(gòu);研究所ruin ru(:)in n. (常作ruins)廢墟,遺跡 vt. 破壞,毀壞remains rimeinz n.遺跡,遺址:殘留物beneath bini: prep.在之下pot pt n.罐,壺 material mtiril n. 材料,物質(zhì) adj. 物質(zhì)的document dkjumnt n.文獻(xiàn);文件workshop w:kp n.作坊；車間explode iksplud v.爆炸；爆發(fā)nearby nibai a.附近的 ad.在附近extrem

4、e ikstri:m a.極度的;極端complain kmplein vi.抱怨 bone bun n.骨骼,骨頭 wooden wudn adj.木制的leather le n.皮革historical histrikl a.歷史(上)的,與歷史研究相關(guān)學(xué)的solution slu:n n.解決辦法,解答expression ikspren n.表達(dá)；表情,神色audience :dins n.聽眾,觀眾,讀者cave keiv n.山洞,洞穴 ceremony serimnin.典禮,儀式 republic ripblik n.共和國；共和政體chairman tmn n.主席,董事長(zhǎng)p

5、earl p:l n.珍珠harbor h:b n.海港,港口navy neivi n.海軍,海軍部隊(duì)powerful paufl a.強(qiáng)有力的,有權(quán)的airfield n. （軍用）機(jī)場(chǎng) bomb bm vt.轟炸 n.炸彈 sailor seil n.水手,海員fortunate f:tnt a.幸運(yùn)的,僥幸的aircraft kr:ft n.飛機(jī),航空器carrier kri n.航空母艦,運(yùn)輸設(shè)備,運(yùn)輸公司declare dikl t.宣布,宣稱 in memory of紀(jì)念 memorial mim:ril n.紀(jì)念碑,紀(jì)念館 adj.紀(jì)念的educate edju(:)keit v

6、t.教育,培養(yǎng),訓(xùn)練 statue sttu: n.塑像,雕像no doubt 無疑,確實(shí)rise up against 起義,反抗trooptru:pn.pl.軍隊(duì);部隊(duì),士兵stand in ones path 阻礙（某人）march m:t vi. & n. 前進(jìn),進(jìn)發(fā),游行g(shù)lory gl:ri n.輝煌,光榮,榮譽(yù) ahead hed ad.（時(shí)間、空間）在前面;提前,預(yù)先,領(lǐng)先come down with 患（?。﹙ast v:st a.遼闊的,巨大的,大量的philosophy filsfi n.哲學(xué)；哲理,人生哲學(xué) salary slri n.薪金,薪水a(chǎn)ware we a.意

7、識(shí)到,知道的basis beisis n.基礎(chǔ),基準(zhǔn),原因court k:tn.法庭,法院,球場(chǎng),宮廷god gd n.上帝；神,神靈corrupt krpt vt.使腐化,使墮落a.貪污的,腐敗的 trail trail n. 審訊,審理,試驗(yàn),考驗(yàn)judge dd n.法官；裁判員,審判員poison pizn n.毒物,毒藥 vt.毒害,下毒把你沒有記牢的挑出來，好好滴記住哦！Lost civilizationsFocus Day 1, 15 JulyI feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. We are in Italy now, a

8、nd tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as Chinas Pompeii in the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago. Day 216th July This morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in the 8th cen

9、tury BC. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city. Near the city was a volcano. On 24th August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days. Many people were buried

10、 alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate! Day 317th July Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for t

11、reasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied. When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw sev

12、eral houses which were decorated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash. Years later, researchers

13、were able to use these empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster. You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed t

14、he whole city! Day 1024th July Finally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of traveling. This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstor

15、ms from AD 200 to AD 400. I am so excited to be here!Day 1125th July A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the san

16、d, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the ruins most interesting. There was an ancient water system that ran through t

17、he middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity!put preserve First period Listen and learn: Listen to the wordlist and try to learn the words and phrases by heart.Step 1: Step 2: Personal sh

18、owTask 1: Give the following words Chinese meaningsolution n.take overpour vi. vt.powerful a. decorate vt.fortunate a. commercial adj.scholar n. rise up againststand in ones path document n.explode v. aware a.corrupt krpt vt. a. Task 2: Translate the following wordsvt.興建,創(chuàng)辦,創(chuàng)建ad.遺憾的, 不幸的逼真的t.宣布,宣稱n.

19、塑像,雕像患（?。﹏.基礎(chǔ),基準(zhǔn),原因vi.抱怨n.法官；裁判員,審判員n.毒物,毒藥 vt.毒害,下毒 Step 3: Text reading Listen to the text and then finish the following sentencesTask 1: Fill in the blanks according to the text1. Many people were buried alive, and _ (城市也被掩埋了) . _ (真是不幸) . 2. Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii _ (正如它20

20、00年前的樣子) . 3. Thus, in 1860, the area _(納入政府的保護(hù)下) so it could be preserved and studied.4. It is believed _ (已被風(fēng)沙漸漸覆蓋) by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. 5. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that _ (導(dǎo)致這個(gè)城市被埋) by sandwhat a pity! Task 2: Task-based reading閱

21、讀課文, 完成下表。注意：一空一詞SitesTimeEvents6. _Pompeiiin the 8th century It was 1. _.7. _ Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China became lost civilizations about 2000 years ago. Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC and was taken over by the Romans in 89 BC. On 24th Aug. AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted and the

22、city was buried 8._. Loulan was a 9. _ point on the Silk Road. It 10._ under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials, such as silk, documents and wall paintingsin 89 BCIt was taken over by the Romans.on 24th Aug. AD 79Mount Vesuvius 2. _. in 1860The area

23、was put under government 3. _Loulan2000 years agoIt 4. _ as a commercial city.from AD 200 to AD 400It was covered over gradually by sand storms.100 years agoIt was 5._ by Sven Hedin. Homework: 1. Read the text 2. Try to recite the sentences in step 3-Task 1Second period Step 1: Personal show Read th

24、e text as quickly as you can. Step 2: Language focus 1. put 短語知識(shí)探究：He had already put everything in place. 他把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。 Have you got all the lights in place yet? 你把所有的燈都放好了嗎? She was ill, so I went to the conference in her place. 她病了,所以我代替她出席了這次會(huì)議。用put相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1) He _ his work _ and made some coff

25、ee.(2) He never _ dishes and meals. (3) The plan she _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people present. (4) She tried to _ her thoughts _ but it was too noisy. (5) I cant _ these insults any more.(6) The Arab _ a tent and made a fire. He had already put everything in place. 他把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。 Have you g

26、ot all the lights in place yet? 你把所有的燈都放好了嗎? She was ill, so I went to the conference in her place. 她病了,所以我代替她出席了這次會(huì)議。題練落實(shí)：1. Its necessary for us to _ everything _ before the program is started. A. get; in place B. put; in place C. get; in the place D. put; in the place 2. Every now and then a new

27、plane _ at the airport. A. takes downB. puts off C. takes offD. puts down 3. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _? A. given out B. put out C. held up D. used up聯(lián)想拓寬：put through 完成，使成功；折磨；接通電話 put away收拾;處理put down寫下來;記下來;放下 put aside放在一旁;儲(chǔ)蓄 put back放回;撥回(鐘表的針) put forward向

28、前移,提出;撥快(鐘表) put off延期 put out撲滅 put up with忍受 put on穿上;增加體重;上演put up舉起;建造 put pressure on給施加壓力put in place準(zhǔn)備就緒,布置妥當(dāng)put sb. in their place讓某人明白自己的地位 in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?out of place不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?in place of代替in sb.s place代替某人 in the first place首先 2. come up with 提出，想出，提供come down with 1. be taken ill with病倒2.

29、provide money；pay out捐錢；付出* Jack has come down with a bad cold. 杰克患了重感冒。* Many children in the kindergarten came down with the flu. 幼兒園的許多孩子都患了流行性感冒。* Hell come down with a large sum. 他將捐一筆巨款。* How much did she come down with？她出了多少錢？題練落實(shí)： 1. - Have you _ some new ideas?- Yeah. Ill tell you later. A.

30、 come aboutB. come intoC. come up withD. come out with2. She had no idea how it _ that her husband met with trouble again.A. came aboutB. came outC. came acrossD. came up3. Why dont you to England for a holiday? A. come through B. come over C. come on D. come along4. In the new program 3+X if your d

31、ream to be a doctor , you must take chemistry as elective course. A. realizes B. comes true C. comes off D. comes out5. The teacher asked a difficult question, but Ted, finally, managed to _ a good answer. A. put up with B. keep up with C. come up with D. go through with6. Please tell me how the acc

32、ident _. I am still in the dark. A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about 7. How did it _ that he was hurt so seriously? A. come up B. come along C. come about D. come out 8. The book which _ at the end of last year turned out to be a great success in Shanghai. A. came about B. came up C. ca

33、me out D. came around 聯(lián)想拓寬：come about 發(fā)生come along 過來come along with 隨同come across 偶爾遇見，偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)come at 襲擊；拜見come by 從旁走過come around 到來come around / round to 贊成；同意come back 回來come to the point 抓住要點(diǎn) come into contact with 與接觸come on發(fā)生，趕快come out 發(fā)行，吐艷, 開花 come to oneself 蘇醒，恢復(fù)come to 提及，談到come to an end

34、結(jié)束come to light 真相大白；顯露come true夢(mèng)想成真come up to達(dá)到；符合；不辜負(fù)come up with 提出;趕上 come down with 因而病倒come a long way 取得進(jìn)展；明顯提高come all the way 遠(yuǎn)道而來；大老遠(yuǎn)跑來come in handy 遲早有用come into being 誕生，形成come out of 從（某場(chǎng)所）出來；出自come to ones mind 想起come up走近;上來;長(zhǎng)出，發(fā)芽;發(fā)生;被提出;升起(相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞) come across偶然遇上，碰上;被理解;被傳達(dá) come ab

35、out發(fā)生 come to達(dá)到;恢復(fù)知覺come through傳來;康復(fù);還活著 Third period Reading strategies: When you are reading diary entries recording someones travels, you should look for dates and place names in the text. For example, from “24th July: Finally, we arrived in Loulan”. You will also find facts and historical infor

36、mation, such as the fact that Loulan was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road. The writer will include personal feelings and opinions in the diary as well. When Ann writes about the disaster in Pompeii, she writes: “Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!” We know sh

37、e felt sorry about the disaster, because she used the word “unfortunate”2011年安徽卷D篇Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921,

38、 the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country. In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, w

39、as affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years,

40、 the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pac

41、e.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(復(fù)興) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have differen

42、t styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.68. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?A. How the Irish fought against the English.B. How Ireland gained independence.C. How English ru

43、lers tried to conquer Ireland.D. How two “Irelands” came into being.69. We learn from the text that in Ireland _.A. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in populationB. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countrysideC. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a f

44、actory workerD. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments70. The last paragraph is mainly about _.A. the Irish character B. Irish culture C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer71. What can be the best title for the text?A. Life in IrelandB. A Very Difficult hist

45、oryC. Ireland, Past and PresentD. The Independence of Ireland2010江西C篇Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551-479 B.C), and Socrates (469-399 B.C) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world tha

46、t each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies. Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were smal

47、l and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confu

48、cius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service. Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. ” He assumed that all men were equal at

49、 birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下層的)classes. For Socrate

50、s, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations. Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes. 64. Whic

51、h of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common,B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates ideas. C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas. D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece. 65. Socrates shared with

52、Confucius the idea that _. A. all men were equal when they were bornB. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper classC. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdomD. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to66. What made some people different from others according to C

53、onfucius?A. Family. B. Potential. C. Knowledge. D. Community. 67. This passage is organized in the pattern of _.A. time and eventsB. comparison and contrastC. cause and effectD. definition and classificationForth periodProject: Events and changes have taken place all through time and continue to tak

54、e place today. Sometimes the best way to understand these events and changes is to look, the people who played key roles in history.Ancient Greek statue found in XinjiangResearchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently. The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Greats influence. Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle. At the ag